Introduction to Research: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
|
|
- Ruth Parrish
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction to Research: Scientific Understanding of Behavior RCS /11/04 What is Research? Main Entry: 1re search Pronunciation: ri-'s&rch, 're-" Function: noun Etymology: Middle French recerche, from recerchier to investigate thoroughly, from Old French, from re- + cerchier to search -- Date: 1:careful or diligent search 2:studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws 3:the collecting of information about a particular subject What is Scientific Research? Systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about presumed relations among natural phenomena.
2 Pseudo-Research Magazines: Cosmo Quizzes and Studies Newspapers: Gainesville Sun Polls Internet: Keyword Cancer on Google came up with 17,200,000 hits!!! Why is Scientific Research Important? Helps us decide what is bull and what is valid Provides us a means of addressing and answering important questions Helps practitioners with treatment, therapy, and medication choices Assists public policy decisions Why is Scientific Research Important Cont. Influences judicial decisions (Study by Clark & Clark, 1947, influenced the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education case) Determines whether or not programs (public and private) are successfully meeting their goals
3 The Scientific Approach vs. Intuition Intuition: Unquestionably accepting what your own personal judgment or experience tells you about the world. Example: Since Dr. Saxon liked it, my client will enjoy working at the chicken factory. Scientists understand that numerous cognitive and motivational factors (that affect our perceptions) lead to erroneous conclusions. The Scientific Approach vs. Intuition Cont. Illusionary Correlation: A cognitive bias that occurs when we focus on two events that stand out and occur together. The scientific approach requires much more evidence before any conclusion can be drawn. The Scientific Approach vs. Authority People too often accept information from books, media, government figures, and friends as being true. Persuasion is achieved by the speaker s personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make him credible. We believe good men (people) more fully and readily than others. (Aristotle)
4 The Scientific Approach vs. Authority Cont. The scientific approach rejects the notion that one can accept on faith the statements of any authority. Once again, more evidence is needed! Skepticism and Science Scientists do recognize that intuition and authority are sources of ideas about behavior, but they never blindly accept either without being skeptical. How then, do scientists learn about the world? The Scientific Method and the Empirical Approach The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is empiricism (knowledge based on observations). Most importantly, the scientific method embodies a number of rules for collecting, evaluating, and reporting data (observations put into measurable form). These rules will be discussed in greater detail as the course progresses.
5 The Scientific Method and the Empirical Approach Cont. Elements of Goodstein s evolved theory of science: 1. Observations accurately reported to others A. So that others can replicate the study B. So that others can see that the data has not been fabricated. The Scientific Method and the Empirical Approach Cont. 2. Search for discovery and verification of ideas: A. Scientists search for observations that will verify their ideas about the world. B. Scientists develop theories, argue that existing data supports their theories, and conduct research to further support their theories. The Scientific Method and the Empirical Approach Cont. 3. Open exchange and competition among ideas: A. Research flourishes when there is an open exchange of ideas. B. Others should report findings not supporting an ideas. C. Even good ideas are not supported by research. However, this leads to new and more innovative ideas.
6 The Scientific Method and the Empirical Approach Cont. 4. Peer Review of Research: A. Ensures that only the best research is published. B. Ensures that research with major flaws is not integrated into the scientific community. C. Allows others to build upon and advance research. Incorporating Intuition, Authority, and Skepticism Acceptable use of beliefs or opinions from a scientific perspective: 1. They are presented as only opinions or beliefs and not as fact 2. They are scientifically testable 3. There is scientific evidence that supports the opinion or belief Goals of Scientific Research 1. To Describe Behavior 2. To Predict Behavior 3. To Determine the Causes of Behavior 4. To Understand or Explain Behavior
7 Describing Behavior Researchers must first make careful observations before they can accurately describe behavior Examples of Describing Behavior 1. Client can lift up to 10 pounds, repeatedly, for one hour. 2. Mr. Smith becomes irritable when discussing his previous employer. Predicting Behavior Once it has been observed (in a scientific manner) that two events are related to one another, predictions can be generated. Examples of predicting behavior: 1. The more attractive interviewee will get the job. 2. Cats who eat Fancy Feast will become extremely fat! Determining the Causes of Behavior Predicting behavior does not mean that a cause can be determined. In order to determine how to change behavior, we must first determine the cause of the behavior. Identification of the cause of behavior requires three types of evidence:
8 Determining the Causes of Behavior Cont. 1. Temporal Precedence: Temporal order of events where the cause precedes the effect 2. Covariation of the Cause and effect: When the cause is present, the effect occurs, when the cause is not present, the effect does not occur 3. Alternative Explanations: There should be no other plausible alternative explanation for the relationship Explanation of Behavior Researchers seek to understand and explain why behavior occurs (Caregivers of people with stroke may become depressed due to the burden of caregiving ). Causes and Explanations are closely related but as new causes are determined, new explanations are necessary. Basic and Applied Research Basic Research: 1. Answers fundamental questions about the nature of behavior 2. Studies are often designed to address theoretical issues such as cognition, emotion, social behavior, and learning 3. Does not focus on immediate or practical concerns as it seeks to gain knowledge that may be of some value at a later time
9 Basic and Applied Research Cont. Applied Research: 1. Main focus is to address practical problems and to find potential solutions to such problems. 2. A major area of applied research is called Program Evaluation where research is used to evaluate social reforms, government, the criminal justice system, industry, schools, and health care (FITE Program evaluation example). Basic vs. Applied Research Neither one is superior to the other The progress of science depends on the synergy between the two Both may cause the other to be modified Both use the scientific method of research
Lesson 1 Understanding Science
Lesson 1 Student Labs and Activities Page Content Vocabulary 6 Lesson Outline 7 Content Practice A 9 Content Practice B 10 School to Home 11 Key Concept Builders 12 Enrichment 16 Challenge 17 Scientific
More information9/5/ Research Hazards Awareness Training
https://www.citiprogram.org/ Research Hazards Awareness Training luongo@oakland.edu https://www.oakland.edu/labsafety/training/ Committee Formed Sept. 27 Paper 20% Oct. 11 Exam 20% Nov. 13 Exam 20% Nov.
More informationDeceptive Communication Behavior during the Interview Process: An Annotated Bibliography. Angela Q. Glass. November 3, 2008
Running head: DECEPTIVE COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR Deceptive Communication Behavior 1 Deceptive Communication Behavior during the Interview Process: An Annotated Bibliography Angela Q. Glass November 3, 2008
More informationDepartment of Psychological Sciences Learning Goals and Outcomes
Department of Psychological Sciences Learning Goals and Outcomes Upon completion of a Bachelor s degree in Psychology, students will be prepared in content related to the eight learning goals described
More informationAP Psychology Ch. 01 Psych Science & Stats Study Guide
Name: Period: 1. Which of the following best describes the hindsight bias? A) Events seem more predictable before they have occurred. B) Events seem more predictable after they have occurred. C) A person's
More information33 Multiple choice questions
NAME 33 Multiple choice questions 1. central route a. Aspect of persuasion, emotional appeals are quite powerful. Negative appeals play to the audience's b. Aspect of persuasion, whether or not someone
More informationDOING SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH C H A P T E R 3
DOING SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH C H A P T E R 3 THE RESEARCH PROCESS There are various methods that sociologists use to do research. All involve rigorous observation and careful analysis These methods include:
More informationLecturer: Dr. Adote Anum, Dept. of Psychology Contact Information:
Lecturer: Dr. Adote Anum, Dept. of Psychology Contact Information: aanum@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017 Session Overview The course provides
More informationUnderstanding Science Conceptual Framework
1 Understanding Science Conceptual Framework This list of conceptual understandings regarding the nature and process of science are aligned across grade levels to help instructors identify age-appropriate
More information2 Critical thinking guidelines
What makes psychological research scientific? Precision How psychologists do research? Skepticism Reliance on empirical evidence Willingness to make risky predictions Openness Precision Begin with a Theory
More informationReview Sheet. 2) Which branch of science broken into chemistry and physics? a. Life science b. Earth science c. Biology d.
Multiple Choice: Circle each answer. Review Sheet 1) Which famous scientist was known for his/her work in radioactivity? a. Albert Einstein b. Marie Curie c. Thomas Edison d. Pierre Curie 2) Which branch
More informationPSYCHOLOGY AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
ARTHUR PSYC 302 (EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY) 18C LECTURE NOTES [08/23/18 => rv 08-27-18] THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD PAGE 1 Topic #1 PSYCHOLOGY AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD... and some advice from Cheronis, Parsons,
More informationScience in Natural Resource Management ESRM 304
Science in Natural Resource Management ESRM 304 Science in Natural Resource Management I. The scientific approach to knowledge II. III. Hypothesis testing and resource management Read This! Study Tips
More informationThinking Like a Researcher
3-1 Thinking Like a Researcher 3-3 Learning Objectives Understand... The terminology used by professional researchers employing scientific thinking. What you need to formulate a solid research hypothesis.
More informationCOURSE: NURSING RESEARCH CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
COURSE: NURSING RESEARCH CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. TERMINOLOGY 1.1 Research Research is a systematic enquiry about a particular situation for a certain truth. That is: i. It is a search for knowledge
More informationthat behavior. Thus, when we see the results of our action -- the fruits of our labor -- we are
1 Keeping the Faith When our behavior results in desirable consequences we are likely to do that behavior again. And, when our behavior enables us to escape an undesirable consequence we continue that
More informationConducting Research in the Social Sciences. Rick Balkin, Ph.D., LPC-S, NCC
Conducting Research in the Social Sciences Rick Balkin, Ph.D., LPC-S, NCC 1 Why we do research Improvement Description Explanation Prediction R. S. Balkin, 2008 2 Theory Explanation of an observed phenomena
More informationCHAPTER 2 EVALUATING NUTRITION INFORMATION OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 2 EVALUATING NUTRITION INFORMATION OVERVIEW Chapter 2 focuses on the generation and dissemination of nutrition knowledge. The scientific method is presented as the basis for nutrition research,
More informationDo not copy, post, or distribute
1 CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Define science and the scientific method. 2. Describe six steps for engaging in the scientific method. 3. Describe five nonscientific methods of acquiring knowledge. 4.
More informationThe Logotherapy Evidence Base: A Practitioner s Review. Marshall H. Lewis
Why A Practitioner s Review? The Logotherapy Evidence Base: A Practitioner s Review Marshall H. Lewis Why do we need a practitioner s review of the logotherapy evidence base? Isn t this something we should
More informationINFORMATION SERVICES AND USER STUDIES
INFORMATION SERVICES AND USER STUDIES Ms. Patience Emefa Dzandza pedzandza@ug.edu.gh College of Education: School of Information and Communication Department of Information Studies INFORMATION SEEKING
More informationSOCQ121/BIOQ121. Session 2. Evidence and Research. Department of Social Science. endeavour.edu.au
SOCQ121/BIOQ121 Session 2 Evidence and Research Department of Social Science endeavour.edu.au Review What is knowledge? How has knowledge changed over time? Name some of the complementary medicine modalities
More informationCHAPTER 1 Understanding Social Behavior
CHAPTER 1 Understanding Social Behavior CHAPTER OVERVIEW Chapter 1 introduces you to the field of social psychology. The Chapter begins with a definition of social psychology and a discussion of how social
More informationCSC2130: Empirical Research Methods for Software Engineering
CSC2130: Empirical Research Methods for Software Engineering Steve Easterbrook sme@cs.toronto.edu www.cs.toronto.edu/~sme/csc2130/ 2004-5 Steve Easterbrook. This presentation is available free for non-commercial
More informationRealism and Qualitative Research. Joseph A. Maxwell George Mason University
Realism and Qualitative Research Joseph A. Maxwell George Mason University Philosophic realism in general is "the view that entities exist independently of being perceived, or independently of our theories
More informationEliminative materialism
Michael Lacewing Eliminative materialism Eliminative materialism (also known as eliminativism) argues that future scientific developments will show that the way we think and talk about the mind is fundamentally
More informationPractical Research. Remember: 6/28/2017. For each of the skills, give yourself a grade on a scale of 1 to 10. RES1
Reading Observing Listening Practical Research RES1 For each of the skills, give yourself a grade on a scale of 1 to 10. Which skills do you consider yourself to be best at? Watching Choosing Questioning
More informationPROBLEMATIC USE OF (ILLEGAL) DRUGS
PROBLEMATIC USE OF (ILLEGAL) DRUGS A STUDY OF THE OPERATIONALISATION OF THE CONCEPT IN A LEGAL CONTEXT SUMMARY 1. Introduction The notion of problematic drug use has been adopted in Belgian legislation
More informationObservation process of obtaining info by using senses
Experiment organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions Often investigate the natural world via investigation Observation process of obtaining info by using senses May involve models
More informationWhy (and how) Superman hides behind glasses: the difficulties of face matching
Why (and how) Superman hides behind glasses: the difficulties of face matching Kay L. Ritchie 1,2 & Robin S. S. Kramer 1 1 Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK. 2 School of Psychology,
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter 1 Theoretical Criminology: An Introductory Overview [page 79] Chapter 3 Biosocial Theories of Crime [page 99]
Test Bank 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Theoretical Criminology: An Introductory Overview [page 79] Chapter 2 Classical and Neoclassical Criminology [page 89] Chapter 3 Biosocial Theories of Crime [page
More information2.1 Why Is Research Important? SW *
OpenStax-CNX module: m55665 1 2.1 Why Is Research Important? SW * Stephen E. Wisecarver Based on Why Is Research Important? by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative
More informationThe Research Enterprise in Psychology Chapter 2
The Research Enterprise in Psychology Chapter 2 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including
More informationIntroduction Stanovich, Chapter 1
Introduction Stanovich, Chapter 1 A. Exercises 1. Write a brief characterization of each of the following professionals: A. Psychologist B. Astrologist C. Scientist 2. List the most interesting psychologist
More informationTHEORY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
THEORY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The systematic development of scientific nursing theories has a better chance of advancing nursing and may lead to the basis for advancing nursing. Theory components and their
More informationNATURE OF SCIENCE. Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 3A
NATURE OF SCIENCE Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 3A Nature Science Process of asking questions 2 Nature Science Process of asking questions Questions that involve logical reasoning 3 Nature Science
More informationplural noun 1. a system of moral principles: the ethics of a culture. 2. the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular group, culture,
eth ics plural noun [eth-iks] 1. a system of moral principles: the ethics of a culture. 2. the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular group, culture, etc.: Scientific ethics; Medical ethics;
More informationChapter 1 Social Science and Its Methods
Chapter 1 Social Science and Its Methods MULTIPLE CHOICE 1) Scientific knowledge is knowledge that has been: A) systematically gathered, classified, related, and interpreted. B) rediscovered and cherished
More informationHypothesis-Driven Research
Hypothesis-Driven Research Research types Descriptive science: observe, describe and categorize the facts Discovery science: measure variables to decide general patterns based on inductive reasoning Hypothesis-driven
More informationPrinciples of Sociology
Principles of Sociology DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS [Academic year 2017/18, FALL SEMESTER] Lecturer: Dimitris Lallas Principles of Sociology 4th Session Sociological
More informationQualitative and Quantitative Approaches Workshop. Comm 151i San Jose State U Dr. T.M. Coopman Okay for non-commercial use with attribution
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches Workshop Comm 151i San Jose State U Dr. T.M. Coopman Okay for non-commercial use with attribution This Workshop This is a research skill workshop. This workshop
More informationName Class Date. 1. How does science differ from other kinds of human endeavors such as art, architecture, and philosophy?
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Science as a Process 1. How does science differ from other kinds of human endeavors such as art, architecture, and philosophy? 2. What is the goal of science?
More informationUNDERSTANDING YOUR REPORT
UNDERSTANDING YOUR REPORT Knowledge of an individual's motivators help to tell us WHY they do things. A review of an individual's experiences, references, education and training help to tell us WHAT they
More informationDefinitions of Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry that Guide Project ICAN: A Cheat Sheet
Definitions of Nature of Science and Scientific Inquiry that Guide Project ICAN: A Cheat Sheet What is the NOS? The phrase nature of science typically refers to the values and assumptions inherent to scientific
More informationCognitive domain: Comprehension Answer location: Elements of Empiricism Question type: MC
Chapter 2 1. Knowledge that is evaluative, value laden, and concerned with prescribing what ought to be is known as knowledge. *a. Normative b. Nonnormative c. Probabilistic d. Nonprobabilistic. 2. Most
More informationDisposition. Quantitative Research Methods. Science what it is. Basic assumptions of science. Inductive and deductive logic
Quantitative Research Methods Sofia Ramström Medicinska vetenskaper, Örebro Universitet Diagnostikcentrum, klinisk kemi, Region Östergötland Disposition I. What is science and what is quantitative science?
More informationPersuasive Speech. Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience
Persuasive Speaking: Reasoning with Your Audience Persuasive Speech A speech whose goal is to influence the attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior of audience members 1 Elaboration Likelihood Model People
More information5.8 Departure from cognitivism: dynamical systems
154 consciousness, on the other, was completely severed (Thompson, 2007a, p. 5). Consequently as Thompson claims cognitivism works with inadequate notion of cognition. This statement is at odds with practical
More informationPsych 1Chapter 2 Overview
Psych 1Chapter 2 Overview After studying this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: 1) What are five characteristics of an ideal scientist? 2) What are the defining elements of
More informationWhat is the Scientific Method?
Scientific Method What is the Scientific Method? It s a way to solve/explain a problem or natural phenomenon, while removing human bias and opinion. It is a critical procedure that allows validity and
More informationGlossary of Research Terms Compiled by Dr Emma Rowden and David Litting (UTS Library)
Glossary of Research Terms Compiled by Dr Emma Rowden and David Litting (UTS Library) Applied Research Applied research refers to the use of social science inquiry methods to solve concrete and practical
More informationThe Supreme Court of South Carolina
The Supreme Court of South Carolina RE: Amendments to South Carolina Appellate Court Rules ORDER Pursuant to Art. V, 4 of the South Carolina Constitution, the South Carolina Appellate Court Rules are amended
More informationFinal Exam: PSYC 300. Multiple Choice Items (1 point each)
Final Exam: PSYC 300 Multiple Choice Items (1 point each) 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental features of science? a. empirical questions b. public knowledge c. mathematical equations
More informationThis article, the last in a 4-part series on philosophical problems
GUEST ARTICLE Philosophical Issues in Medicine and Psychiatry, Part IV James Lake, MD This article, the last in a 4-part series on philosophical problems in conventional and integrative medicine, focuses
More informationPSYCHOLOGY TSAP COMPETENCY MAPPING 1. Knowledge Base in Psychology
PSYCHOLOGY TSAP COMPETENCY MAPPING 1. Knowledge Base in Psychology Competency 1.01 Use Basic psychological terminology, concepts, and theories in psychology to explain behavior and mental processes Matching
More informationOne Stop Shop For Educator
One Stop Shop For Educator The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved
More informationResearch Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions. Module 2
Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions Module 2 How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions? The Scientific Method Goals and Tools of Psychology Description Correlation Experimentation
More informationTheme I: Introduction and Research Methods. Topic 1: Introduction. Topic 2: Research Methods
Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. Psychology uses the scientific method to discover ways of understanding the complexities of human thought and behaviour, as well as
More informationAbstracts. An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. From Mentalizing Folk to Social Epistemology
Proto Sociology s An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 3 Vol. 16, 2002 Understanding the Social: New Perspectives from Epistemology Contents From Mentalizing Folk to Social Epistemology
More informationConducting Research. Research Methods Chapter 1. Descriptive Research Methods. Conducting Research
Research Methods Chapter 1 Conducting Research Goals of Psychology Describe Explain Predict Control Pitfalls of intuition and common sense explanations: Hindsight bias, overconfidence Remember psychology
More informationAssessing credibility
Assessing credibility Judgecraft across Europe Omsenie, Slovakia 12 October 2015 John Phillips Outline What is credibility? What research is there and what are its limitations? What are the non-verbal
More informationJanuary, Dear Friend of Camp Sunrise,
At the Warwick Conference Center, P.O. Box 349, 62 Warwick Center Road, Warwick, NY 10990 Phone: 845-986-1164 / Fax: 845-986-8874 / Email: warwickcc@optimum.net January, 2017 Dear Friend of Camp Sunrise,
More informationDescriptive Methods: Surveys. A questionnaire or interview designed to investigate the opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group.
Descriptive Methods: Surveys LP 2F Surveys and Experiments 1 A questionnaire or interview designed to investigate the opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group. Image source: Kalat
More informationResearch and science: Qualitative methods
Research and science: Qualitative methods Urban Bilstrup (E327) Urban.Bilstrup@hh.se 140922 2 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC METHODS Outline Definitions Problem formulation? Aim and goal operational
More informationTest Bank Questions for Chapter 1
Test Bank Questions for Chapter 1 1) The difference between a layperson s and an experimental psychologist s understanding of behavior is: A) A layperson relies upon his/her conceptualizations whereas
More informationUnderstanding Evidence for Suicide Prevention
SPRC Research to Practice Webinar Understanding Evidence for Suicide Prevention July 11, 2013 SPRC Research to Practice Presenters Philip Rodgers, PhD Evaluation Scientist, American Foundation for Suicide
More informationIntegrating the prompts of Depth, Complexity and Content Imperatives in a Common Core classroom
Elements of Depth Language of the What terms or words are specific to the work of the (disciplinarian)? Disciplines What tools does the (disciplinarian) use? Details What are its attributes? What features
More informationCriminology. lancaster.ac.uk/law
Criminology lancaster.ac.uk/law WELCOME Criminology at Lancaster University forms part of the prestigious Law School, providing you with an excellent place to study. Our degrees offer you a broad learning
More informationNutrition Research Overview
Nutrition Research Overview From Research Study to the Media Secondary & Primary Sources Explore How Research is Conveyed in the News Scientific Method 7 Steps 2 Main Types of Research Design Observational
More informationThe Discovery/Justification Distinction
The Inductive Realist Model of Theory Generation: Explaining the Development of the Hunt-Vitell Theory of Ethics 1 by Shelby D. Hunt The Jerry S. Rawls and P.W. Horn Professor of Marketing Texas Tech University
More informationSummative Assessment For Twin Traits
Summative Assessment For Twin Traits Table of Contents Item Summative Assessment Instructions 2 Summative Assessment 3-7 Summative Assessment Answer Key 8-13 Page Number 1 Summative Assessment Instructions
More information6. A theory that has been substantially verified is sometimes called a a. law. b. model.
Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Questions 1. A theory is a(n) a. a plausible or scientifically acceptable, well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world. b. a well-substantiated explanation
More informationAsking and answering research questions. What s it about?
2 Asking and answering research questions What s it about? (Social Psychology pp. 24 54) Social psychologists strive to reach general conclusions by developing scientific theories about why people behave
More informationChapter 3 Tools for Practical Theorizing: Theoretical Maps and Ecosystem Maps
Chapter 3 Tools for Practical Theorizing: Theoretical Maps and Ecosystem Maps Chapter Outline I. Introduction A. Understanding theoretical languages requires universal translators 1. Theoretical maps identify
More informationThreat Assessment in Schools (2002). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Secret Service & U.S. Dept. of Education.
Six Principles of the Threat Assessment Process Threat assessment is a central component in preventing targeted school violence. The threat assessment process involves identifying, assessing, and managing
More informationUnit title: Influences on Mental Health and Wellbeing (SCQF level 5)
National Unit Specification General information Unit code: J1D0 45 Superclass: PH Publication date: August 2018 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 01 Unit purpose This unit is a mandatory
More informationP H E N O M E N O L O G Y
P H E N O M E N O L O G Y In the literature, phenomenology is often contrasted with positivist inspired approaches in research. Positivism is associated with the idea of their being objective, independent
More informationMANAGING FOR SUCCESS. Margaret Moore. Personal Interests, Attitudes and Values Information = Choices
MANAGING FOR SUCCESS Personal Interests, Attitudes and Values "He who knows others is learned. He who knows himself is wise." Lao Tse Margaret Moore 7-20-2004 Information = Choices UNDERSTANDING YOUR REPORT
More informationBandura s Social Learning & Cognitive Learning Theory
Bandura s Social Learning & Cognitive Learning Theory Theories of Developmental Psychology By: Razieh Tadayon Nabavi 2011-2012 1 Albert Bandura He was born December 4, 1925 in a small town in northern
More informationWho? What? What do you want to know? What scope of the product will you evaluate?
Usability Evaluation Why? Organizational perspective: To make a better product Is it usable and useful? Does it improve productivity? Reduce development and support costs Designer & developer perspective:
More informationModels of Information Retrieval
Models of Information Retrieval Introduction By information behaviour is meant those activities a person may engage in when identifying their own needs for information, searching for such information in
More informationPearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world
Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Pearson Education Limited 2014
More informationBritish Sign Language: Using Language in Context (SCQF level 4)
National Unit Specification General information Unit code: J1FR 44 Superclass: HG Publication date: October 2018 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 01 Unit purpose The aim of this unit
More informationSelecting Research Participants. Conducting Experiments, Survey Construction and Data Collection. Practical Considerations of Research
Conducting Experiments, Survey Construction and Data Collection RCS 6740 6/28/04 Practical Considerations of Research This lecture will focus on some of the practical aspects of conducting research studies
More informationReduce Tension by Making the Desired Choice Easier
Daniel Kahneman Talk at Social and Behavioral Sciences Meeting at OEOB Reduce Tension by Making the Desired Choice Easier Here is one of the best theoretical ideas that psychology has to offer developed
More informationApplying the Experimental Paradigm to Software Engineering
Applying the Experimental Paradigm to Software Engineering Natalia Juristo Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain 8 th European Computer Science Summit Current situation 16.3% of software projects are
More informationSocial Studies Skills and Methods Analyzing the Credibility of Sources
Social Studies Skills and Methods Analyzing the Credibility of Sources In the Social Studies, the analysis of sources is an essential skill a social scientist must master. Not all sources are equal in
More informationEngineering Science & VALIDITY
Engineering Science & VALIDITY Today we will look at: 1. Scientific foundations 2. Validation 3. Reliability 4. Logic 5. Industrial validation 6. MSc relevance February 24, 2014 1 The linked image cannot
More informationTHE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW
THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW 1. The Universe Is Understandable. 2. The Universe Is a Vast Single System In Which the Basic Rules Are Everywhere the Same. 3. Scientific Ideas Are Subject To Change. 4. Scientific
More informationWeek 1 2 Quiz. Question 1 Correct Marked out of Flag question Question text. Question 2 Correct Marked out of Flag question Question text
Week 1 2 Quiz Question 1 Through their research on human responses to physical stimuli, both Helmholtz and Fechner contributed to the beginning of a. science. b. materialism. c. comparative psychology.
More informationControl/ Change. Describe. Predict. Explain. What kinds of research? Four Major Goals of Research in Psychology
Four Major Goals of Research in Psychology Describe To describe thoughts, feelings and behavior Explain To explain why thoughts, feelings and behaviors occur. Predict To predict implications of thoughts,
More informationThe Preservation of Minority Female Customs
Yiyue Sun Professor Mary Rhetoric 105 The Preservation of Minority Female Customs -An Annotated Bibliography Working Thesis: The minority female cultures should be considered from a more objective, holistic
More informationFlourishing and floundering students: Implications for identification and engagement
Flourishing and floundering students: Implications for identification and engagement Pat Esplin, Larry Nelson, Steve Wygant Brigham Young University Annual Conference on The First-Year Experience San Antonio
More informationChapter 1 What is Psychology?
Chapter 1 What is Psychology? Chapter Preview Defining Psychology Psychology in Historical Perspective Contemporary Approaches to Psychology What Psychologists Do Science of Psychology and Health and Wellness
More informationCore Competencies for Peer Workers in Behavioral Health Services
BRINGING RECOVERY SUPPORTS TO SCALE Technical Assistance Center Strategy (BRSS TACS) Core Competencies for Peer Workers in Behavioral Health Services OVERVIEW In 2015, SAMHSA led an effort to identify
More informationBreaking Through the Breakthrough Myth
This document contains protected information. You may not upload, copy, or share these notes (complete or incomplete) with any organization, company, or person who is not currently enrolled in the course
More informationPre-Employment Psychological Evaluation Guidelines
Pre-Employment Psychological Evaluation Guidelines Ratified by the IACP Police Psychological Services Section Denver, Colorado, 2009 1. Purpose 1.1. The IACP Police Psychological Services Section developed
More information