Biology of Crime: Research and Theory

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1 Biology of Crime: Research and Theory Biology of Crime: Research and Theory 9/2/98 Click here to start Table of Contents Biology of Crime: Research and Theory Lombroso and Early Biological Determinism Goring s test of Lombroso s Theory ( ) Hooten s Biological Determinsm (1930s) William Sheldon s Theory of Somatotypes Criticisms of Somatotype Research and Theory Kallikak and Juke Families Twin Studies Author: Doug Martin socidem@mail.nwmissouri.edu Home Page: PowerPoint Presentations Index Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapter 4 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. Christiansen s Twin Study Karl Christiansen Final Statement on Twin Studies Adoption Studies Danish Adoption Study Meta-Analysis of Adoption Studies XYY Chromosome Research Sex Differences and Crime Biochemical Factors: Brain Dysfunction (1 of 2) [9/28/ :53:42 AM]

2 Biology of Crime: Research and Theory Learning Disabilities and Criminal Behavior Concerns and Criticisms Final Comment (2 of 2) [9/28/ :53:42 AM]

3 Biology of Crime: Research and Theory Slide 1 of 20 [9/28/ :53:46 AM]

4 Lombroso and Early Biological Determinism Slide 2 of 20 [9/28/ :53:48 AM]

5 Goring s test of Lombroso s Theory ( ) Slide 3 of 20 [9/28/ :53:55 AM]

6 Hooten s Biological Determinsm (1930s) Slide 4 of 20 [9/28/ :53:58 AM]

7 William Sheldon s Theory of Somatotypes Slide 5 of 20 [9/28/ :54:02 AM]

8 Criticisms of Somatotype Research and Theory Slide 6 of 20 [9/28/ :54:06 AM]

9 Kallikak and Juke Families Slide 7 of 20 [9/28/ :54:08 AM]

10 Twin Studies Slide 8 of 20 [9/28/ :54:10 AM]

11 Christiansen s Twin Study Slide 9 of 20 [9/28/ :54:15 AM]

12 Final Statement on Twin Studies Slide 10 of 20 [9/28/ :54:17 AM]

13 Adoption Studies Slide 11 of 20 [9/28/ :54:20 AM]

14 Danish Adoption Study Slide 12 of 20 [9/28/ :54:22 AM]

15 Meta-Analysis of Adoption Studies Slide 13 of 20 [9/28/ :54:24 AM]

16 XYY Chromosome Research Slide 14 of 20 [9/28/ :54:26 AM]

17 Sex Differences and Crime Slide 15 of 20 [9/28/ :54:29 AM]

18 Biochemical Factors: Slide 16 of 20 [9/28/ :54:37 AM]

19 Brain Dysfunction Slide 17 of 20 [9/28/ :54:45 AM]

20 Learning Disabilities and Criminal Behavior Slide 18 of 20 [9/28/ :54:48 AM]

21 Concerns and Criticisms Slide 19 of 20 [9/28/ :54:50 AM]

22 Final Comment Slide 20 of 20 [9/28/ :54:55 AM]

23 Psychology of Crime: Theory and Research Psychology of Crime: Theory and Research 9/17/98 Click here to start Table of Contents Psychology of Crime: Theory and Research Mental Deficiency Theory IQ and Crime: Hirschi and Hindelang (1977) Intelligence and Delinquency: A Revisionist Review. American Sociological Review, v. 42, pp IQ and Crime: Wolfgang, Figlio and Sellin. (1972). Delinquency in Birth Cohort. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Other IQ and Crime Studies IQ and Crime: Possible Explanations for an Apparent Connection Criticizing IQ and Crime Studies Personality and Crime Personality and Crime Personality and Crime: Samuel Yochelson and Stanton Samenow. (1976, 1977) The Criminal Personality: Volumes 1 and 2 Criticisms of Yochelson and Samenow Personality and Crime: Walters and White (1989) The Thinking Criminal: A Cognitive Author: Doug Martin socidem@mail.nwmissouri.edu Home Page: Powerpoint Presentation Index Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapter 4 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. (1 of 2) [9/28/ :55:14 AM]

24 Psychology of Crime: Theory and Research Model of Lifestyle Criminality. Criminal Justice Research Bulletin, v. 4. Walters and White (Continued) Criticisms of the Walters and White Model Personality and Crime: Eysenck s Conditioning Theory Self-Control and Crime: Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990). A General Theory of Crime Hirschi and Gottfredson (cont.) Psychopathic Personaity: William McCord (1983) Psychopathy, in the Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. Causes of Psychopathy (of course we don t know for sure) Crime and the Psychoanalytical Perspective Crime and the Psychoanalytical Perspective: Slide 2 Crime and the Psychoanalytical Perspective: Slide 3 Behaviorism / Social Learning Theory Media as an Agent of Social Learning Criticism of Behaviorism / Social Learning Moral Development and Criminality Moral Development and Criminality: Slide 2 Attachment Theory Frustration-Aggression (2 of 2) [9/28/ :55:14 AM]

25 Psychology of Crime: Theory and Research Slide 1 of 29 [9/28/ :55:17 AM]

26 Mental Deficiency Theory Slide 2 of 29 [9/28/ :55:19 AM]

27 IQ and Crime: Hirschi and Hindelang (1977) Intelligence and Delinqu...evisionist Review. American Sociological Review, v. 42, pp Slide 3 of 29 [9/28/ :55:23 AM]

28 IQ and Crime: Wolfgang, Figlio and Sellin. (1972). Delinquency in Birth Cohort. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Slide 4 of 29 [9/28/ :55:28 AM]

29 Other IQ and Crime Studies Slide 5 of 29 [9/28/ :55:34 AM]

30 IQ and Crime: Possible Explanations for an Apparent Connection Slide 6 of 29 [9/28/ :55:36 AM]

31 Criticizing IQ and Crime Studies Slide 7 of 29 [9/28/ :55:42 AM]

32 Personality and Crime Slide 8 of 29 [9/28/ :55:43 AM]

33 Personality and Crime Slide 9 of 29 [9/28/ :55:45 AM]

34 Personality and Crime: Samuel Yochelson and Stanton Samenow. (1976, 1977) The Criminal Personality: Volumes 1 and 2 Slide 10 of 29 [9/28/ :55:47 AM]

35 Criticisms of Yochelson and Samenow Slide 11 of 29 [9/28/ :55:50 AM]

36 Personality and Crime: Walters and White (1989) The Thinking Criminal...l of Lifestyle Criminality. Criminal Justice Research Bulletin, v. 4. Slide 12 of 29 [9/28/ :55:53 AM]

37 Walters and White (Continued) Slide 13 of 29 [9/28/ :55:57 AM]

38 Criticisms of the Walters and White Model Slide 14 of 29 [9/28/ :56:01 AM]

39 Personality and Crime: Eysenck s Conditioning Theory Slide 15 of 29 [9/28/ :56:03 AM]

40 Self-Control and Crime: Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990). A General Theory of Crime Slide 16 of 29 [9/28/ :56:09 AM]

41 Hirschi and Gottfredson (cont.) Slide 17 of 29 [9/28/ :56:11 AM]

42 Psychopathic Personaity: William McCord (1983) Psychopathy, in the Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. Slide 18 of 29 [9/28/ :56:15 AM]

43 Causes of Psychopathy Slide 19 of 29 [9/28/ :56:17 AM]

44 Crime and the Psychoanalytical Perspective Slide 20 of 29 [9/28/ :56:19 AM]

45 Crime and the Psychoanalytical Perspective: Slide 2 Slide 21 of 29 [9/28/ :56:21 AM]

46 Crime and the Psychoanalytical Perspective: Slide 3 Slide 22 of 29 [9/28/ :56:25 AM]

47 Behaviorism / Social Learning Theory Slide 23 of 29 [9/28/ :56:27 AM]

48 Media as an Agent of Social Learning Slide 24 of 29 [9/28/ :56:33 AM]

49 Criticism of Behaviorism / Social Learning Slide 25 of 29 [9/28/ :56:38 AM]

50 Moral Development and Criminality Slide 26 of 29 [9/28/ :56:43 AM]

51 Moral Development and Criminality: Slide 2 Slide 27 of 29 [9/28/ :56:46 AM]

52 Attachment Theory Slide 28 of 29 [9/28/ :56:48 AM]

53 Frustration-Aggression Slide 29 of 29 [9/28/ :56:51 AM]

54 Strain Theory Strain Theory 9/23/98 Click here to start Table of Contents Strain Theory and Strain Related Subcultural Theories Chapters 5 (6 is optional) Background/Introduction to Strain Theory Goal-Means Gap Theory Cultural Goals: A Part of Social Structure Cultural Means: A part of social Structure Strain: Disparity (Gap) Between the Goals and Means Deviant Adaptations to Strain Additional Points Examples Summation of Merton s Goal-Means Gap Theory Criticism of Goal-Means Gap Agnew s General Strain Theory Strain Related Subcultural Theories of Delinquency Strain Related Subcultural Theories of Delinquency: Slide 2 Closing Comments Author: Doug Martin socidem@mail.nwmissouri.edu Home Page: PowerPoint Presentations Index Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapter 5 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. [9/28/ :57:27 AM]

55 Strain Theory and Strain Related Subcultural Theories Slide 1 of 15 [9/28/ :57:32 AM]

56 Background/Introduction to Strain Theory Slide 2 of 15 [9/28/ :57:39 AM]

57 Goal-Means Gap Theory Slide 3 of 15 [9/28/ :57:42 AM]

58 Cultural Goals: A Part of Social Structure Slide 4 of 15 [9/28/ :57:57 AM]

59 Cultural Means: A part of social Structure Slide 5 of 15 [9/28/ :58:00 AM]

60 Strain: Disparity (Gap) Between the Goals and Means Slide 6 of 15 [9/28/ :58:02 AM]

61 Deviant Adaptations to Strain Slide 7 of 15 [9/28/ :58:04 AM]

62 Additional Points Slide 8 of 15 [9/28/ :58:16 AM]

63 Examples Slide 9 of 15 [9/28/ :58:18 AM]

64 Summation of Merton s Goal-Means Gap Theory Slide 10 of 15 [9/28/ :58:22 AM]

65 Criticism of Goal-Means Gap Slide 11 of 15 [9/28/ :58:28 AM]

66 Agnew s General Strain Theory Slide 12 of 15 [9/28/ :58:31 AM]

67 Strain Related Subcultural Theories of Delinquency Slide 13 of 15 [9/28/ :58:33 AM]

68 Strain Related Subcultural Theories of Delinquency: Slide 2 Slide 14 of 15 [9/28/ :58:35 AM]

69 Closing Comments Slide 15 of 15 [9/28/ :58:43 AM]

70 Subcultural Theories of Delinquency Subcultural Theories of Delinquency 9/23/98 Click here to start Table of Contents Subcultural Theories of Juvenile Delinquency Chapter 6 Introduction to Subcultural Theories Strain and Illegitimate Opportunity Introduction to Illegitimate Opportunity Strain and Illegitimate Opportunity Model of Strain Illegitimate Opportunity Support for Differential Opportunity Theory Summation of Cloward and Ohlin s Theory Reaction-Formation Theory Albert Cohen Author: Doug Martin socidem@mail.nwmissouri.edu Home Page: Index of PowerPoint Presentations Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapter 6 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. Support for Reaction-Formation Theory Lower-Class Culture Theory Walter Miller Focal Concerns of Lower Class Culture [9/28/ :58:58 AM]

71 Subcultural Theories of Juvenile Delinquency Slide 1 of 12 [9/28/ :59:03 AM]

72 Introduction to Subcultural Theories Slide 2 of 12 [9/28/ :59:06 AM]

73 Strain and Illegitimate Opportunity Slide 3 of 12 [9/28/ :59:11 AM]

74 Introduction to Illegitimate Opportunity Slide 4 of 12 [9/28/ :59:13 AM]

75 Strain and Illegitimate Opportunity Slide 5 of 12 [9/28/ :59:17 AM]

76 Model of Strain Illegitimate Opportunity Slide 6 of 12 [9/28/ :59:22 AM]

77 Support for Differential Opportunity Theory Slide 7 of 12 [9/28/ :59:24 AM]

78 Summation of Cloward and Ohlin s Theory Slide 8 of 12 [9/28/ :59:26 AM]

79 Reaction-Formation Theory Slide 9 of 12 [9/28/ :59:28 AM]

80 Support for Reaction-Formation Theory Slide 10 of 12 [9/28/ :59:35 AM]

81 Lower-Class Culture Theory Slide 11 of 12 [9/28/ :59:37 AM]

82 Focal Concerns of Lower Class Culture Slide 12 of 12 [9/28/ :59:40 AM]

83 Learning/Cultural Contact Theories of Crime and Deviance Learning/Cultural Contact Theories of Crime and Deviance 9/28/98 Click here to start Table of Contents Learning/Cultural Contact Theories of Crime and Deviance Background Info. For Learning Theories Differential Association: Background Differential Association: Propositions 1, 2 and 3 Differential Association: Proposition 4 Differential Association: Proposition 5 Differential Association: Proposition 6 Differential Association: Proposition 7 Differential Association: Propositions 8 and 9 Support for Differential Association Theory Criticisms of Differential Association Neutralization Theory: Gresham Sykes and David Matza (Discussed as Drift theory in chapter 7) Additional Background Points for Neutralization Theory Neutralization Theory: Thumbnail Sketch Author: Doug Martin socidem@mail.nwmissouri.edu Home Page: PowerPoint Presentations Index Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapters 5 and 7 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. (1 of 2) [9/28/ :59:54 AM]

84 Learning/Cultural Contact Theories of Crime and Deviance Techniques of Neutralization: Slide One Techniques of Neutralization: Slide Two Techniques of Neutralization: Slide Three (2 of 2) [9/28/ :59:54 AM]

85 Learning/Cultural Contact Theories of Crime and Deviance Slide 1 of 17 [9/28/ :59:56 AM]

86 Background Info. For Learning Theories Slide 2 of 17 [9/28/ :59:58 AM]

87 Differential Association: Background Slide 3 of 17 [9/28/ :00:01 PM]

88 Differential Association: Propositions 1, 2 and 3 Slide 4 of 17 [9/28/ :00:02 PM]

89 Differential Association: Proposition 4 Slide 5 of 17 [9/28/ :00:05 PM]

90 Differential Association: Proposition 5 Slide 6 of 17 [9/28/ :00:08 PM]

91 Differential Association: Proposition 6 Slide 7 of 17 [9/28/ :00:10 PM]

92 Differential Association: Proposition 7 Slide 8 of 17 [9/28/ :00:11 PM]

93 Differential Association: Propositions 8 and 9 Slide 9 of 17 [9/28/ :00:14 PM]

94 Support for Differential Association Theory Slide 10 of 17 [9/28/ :00:16 PM]

95 Criticisms of Differential Association Slide 11 of 17 [9/28/ :00:19 PM]

96 Neutralization Theory: Gresham Sykes and David Matza (Discussed as Drift theory in chapter 7) Slide 12 of 17 [9/28/ :00:21 PM]

97 Additional Background Points for Neutralization Theory Slide 13 of 17 [9/28/ :00:26 PM]

98 Neutralization Theory: Thumbnail Sketch Slide 14 of 17 [9/28/ :00:30 PM]

99 Techniques of Neutralization: Slide One Slide 15 of 17 [9/28/ :00:32 PM]

100 Techniques of Neutralization: Slide Two Slide 16 of 17 [9/28/ :00:36 PM]

101 Techniques of Neutralization: Slide Three Slide 17 of 17 [9/28/ :00:40 PM]

102 Control Theories Control Theories 9/28/98 Click here to start Table of Contents Control Theories Control Theories: Background Containment Theory: Pushes and Pulls Containment Theory: Inner and Outer Containments Containment Theory: Summary Statement Social Control: Ideas of Ivan Nye Social Control: Sources of Societal Control (Nye) Social Control: Sources of Social Control (Nye) Author: Doug Martin Home Page: PowerPoint Presentations Index Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapter 7 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. Bond to Society: Ideas of Travis Hirschi Bond to Society: Elements of the Societal Bond Control Ideas of Albert Reiss Support for Control Theory(ies) Criticisms of the Control Perspective [9/28/ :01:00 PM]

103 Control Theories Slide 1 of 13 [9/28/ :01:06 PM]

104 Control Theories: Background Slide 2 of 13 [9/28/ :01:08 PM]

105 Containment Theory: Pushes and Pulls Slide 3 of 13 [9/28/ :01:10 PM]

106 Containment Theory: Inner and Outer Containments Slide 4 of 13 [9/28/ :01:22 PM]

107 Containment Theory: Summary Statement Slide 5 of 13 [9/28/ :01:24 PM]

108 Social Control: Ideas of Ivan Nye Slide 6 of 13 [9/28/ :01:29 PM]

109 Social Control: Sources of Societal Control (Nye) Slide 7 of 13 [9/28/ :01:36 PM]

110 Social Control: Sources of Social Control (Nye) Slide 8 of 13 [9/28/ :01:40 PM]

111 Bond to Society: Ideas of Travis Hirschi Slide 9 of 13 [9/28/ :01:42 PM]

112 Bond to Society: Elements of the Societal Bond Slide 10 of 13 [9/28/ :01:44 PM]

113 Control Ideas of Albert Reiss Slide 11 of 13 [9/28/ :02:06 PM]

114 Support for Control Theory(ies) Slide 12 of 13 [9/28/ :02:08 PM]

115 Criticisms of the Control Perspective Slide 13 of 13 [9/28/ :02:10 PM]

116 LABELING THEORY LABELING THEORY 9/28/98 Click here to start Table of Contents LABELING THEORY Background/Introductory Points Basic Premise of Labeling Theory Expanded Version: Additional Points Label: An Introductory Definition Goals of Labeling Theory Key Assumptions of Labeling Theory: Slide One Key Assumptions of Labeling Theory: Slide Two Author: Doug Martin Home Page: PowerPoint Presentations Index Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapter 9 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. Key Assumptions of Labeling Theory: Slide Three Labeling Process: Slide One Labeling Process: Slide Two Labeling Process: Slide Three Important Points to Remember [9/28/ :02:23 PM]

117 LABELING THEORY Slide 1 of 13 [9/28/ :02:29 PM]

118 Background/Introductory Points Slide 2 of 13 [9/28/ :02:31 PM]

119 Basic Premise of Labeling Theory Slide 3 of 13 [9/28/ :02:35 PM]

120 Expanded Version: Additional Points Slide 4 of 13 [9/28/ :02:37 PM]

121 Label: An Introductory Definition Slide 5 of 13 [9/28/ :02:39 PM]

122 Goals of Labeling Theory Slide 6 of 13 [9/28/ :02:41 PM]

123 Key Assumptions of Labeling Theory: Slide One Slide 7 of 13 [9/28/ :02:49 PM]

124 Key Assumptions of Labeling Theory: Slide Two Slide 8 of 13 [9/28/ :02:51 PM]

125 Key Assumptions of Labeling Theory: Slide Three Slide 9 of 13 [9/28/ :02:53 PM]

126 Labeling Process: Slide One Slide 10 of 13 [9/28/ :02:55 PM]

127 Labeling Process: Slide Two Slide 11 of 13 [9/28/ :02:57 PM]

128 Labeling Process: Slide Three Slide 12 of 13 [9/28/ :03:09 PM]

129 Important Points to Remember Slide 13 of 13 [9/28/ :03:11 PM]

130 Critical Theory Critical Theory 9/30/98 Click here to start Table of Contents Critical Theory Background Information Central Assumptions: Slide One Central Assumptions: Slide Two Critical Ideas of Austin Turk Critical Ideas of William Chambliss Critical Ideas of Richard Quinney: Slide One Critical Ideas of Richard Quinney: Slide Two Critical Ideas of Richard Quinney: Slide Three Critical Ideas of Steven Spitzer Some Interesting Findings Criticisms of the Perspective Author: Doug Martin Home Page: PowerPoint Presentations Index Disclaimer:The material contained in this PowerPoint presentation outline is not intended as a replacement for regular class attendance and coverage of assigned readings. There are many, many important points made in class lecture and your assigned readings (Chapter 9 of your text) that go along with the material in the PowerPoint presentation. Good luck in your study of crime and punishment. The material is intended for students enrolled in Crime and Punishment (35-420) at Northwest Missouri State University. [9/28/ :03:28 PM]

131 Critical Theory Slide 1 of 12 [9/28/ :03:35 PM]

132 Background Information Slide 2 of 12 [9/28/ :03:39 PM]

133 Central Assumptions: Slide One Slide 3 of 12 [9/28/ :03:44 PM]

134 Central Assumptions: Slide Two Slide 4 of 12 [9/28/ :03:50 PM]

135 Critical Ideas of Austin Turk Slide 5 of 12 [9/28/ :03:55 PM]

136 Critical Ideas of William Chambliss Slide 6 of 12 [9/28/ :03:57 PM]

137 Critical Ideas of Richard Quinney: Slide One Slide 7 of 12 [9/28/ :03:59 PM]

138 Critical Ideas of Richard Quinney: Slide Two Slide 8 of 12 [9/28/ :04:05 PM]

139 Critical Ideas of Richard Quinney: Slide Three Slide 9 of 12 [9/28/ :04:10 PM]

140 Critical Ideas of Steven Spitzer Slide 10 of 12 [9/28/ :04:42 PM]

141 Some Interesting Findings Slide 11 of 12 [9/28/ :04:44 PM]

142 Criticisms of the Perspective Slide 12 of 12 [9/28/ :04:46 PM]

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