Year 13 Psychology A (Biopsychology, Options 1 and 3)

Transcription

1 Half Term Introduction to Year 13. Recap on biopsychology so far Biological Rhythms Infradian rhythms eg menstrual cycle The role of pituitary gland, oestrogen and progesterone or SAD and the role of the pineal gland and melatonin. Ultradian rhythms eg cycle of sleep stages NREM, REM and SWS. Circadian rhythms 24 hour sleep wake cycle. The role of endogenous pacemaker s suprachiasmatic nucleus. The pineal gland and the role of melatonin in sleep wake cycle. The role of exogenous zeitgebers light dark cycle. Intro to crime module Defining crime. Crime as a social construct social, cultural, historical, political influences on the definition of crime and the concepts of age intent and causes in defining crime. Ways of measuring crime: reasons for unreported crime excluded groups, under reported crimes Crime Survey -report measures justice survey (young people) Offender profiling: Top down application of general principles, Organised v disorganised Bottom-up approaches data driven statistical profiling Canter Geographical profiling Understand biological Understand the effect of Understand the effect of Discuss the problems in Know the ways of Understand offender rhythms: circadian, infradian and ultradian and the difference between these rhythms. endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers on the sleep/wake cycle endogenous pacemakers and exogenous zeitgebers on the sleep/wake cycle defining crime measuring crime, including official statistics, victim surveys and offender surveys profiling: the top-down approach, including organised and disorganised types of offender Understand offender profiling: the bottom-up approach, including investigative Psychology; geographical profiling. Understand the.

2 Half Term Usefulness of profiling, eg Gudjonsson & Copson Experimental research into profiling, eg Alison et al (2003). Overview evaluation of offender profiling, eg Pinizzotto & Fenkell (1990). Biological explanations of offending behaviour: - Lombroso s atavistic form, Sheldon s somatotype, Genetic explanations: Adoption study Focus on gene environment interaction, Family study genetic abnormality affecting monoamine metabolism Neurological explanations: - Maturation retardation, hemispheric dysfunction, eg Raine et al (1997) (2000) PET study, MRI, brain volume and GSR in APD compared with controls. Psychological explanations of offending behaviour. Personality factors: - Eysenck s theory the role of extraversion & neuroticism in offending. Limitations of correlational research, self-reports and meta-analysis. Psychodynamic explanation: - Inadequate (weak deviant harsh) super ego. - Defence mechanisms denial and rationalisation v displacement and sublimation. - Maternal deprivation. Learning explanation: - the role of conditioning, reinforcement and social learning. - Sutherland (1939) differential association theory. Exposure to social acceptance of criminal norms and values, inappropriate role models, dysfunctional reward systems. Cognitive explanations: - Kohlberg moral reasoning - Assumptions stages/levels - Use of moral dilemmas Research evidence relating to the relationship between moral reasoning and offending behaviour. Strengths and limitations of questionnaire/survey research into offending behaviour. Evaluate the usefulness of Biological explanations of Biological explanations of offender profiling offending behaviour: an offending behaviour: an historical approach (atavistic form); genetics and neural explanations historical approach (atavistic form); genetics and neural explanations behaviour: Eysenck s theory of the criminal personality; behaviour: psychodynamic explanations behaviour: differential association theory behaviour: cognitive explanations

3 Half Term Cognitive distortions: - Primary cognitive distortion (egocentric bias) - Secondary cognitive distortions - attributional biases (hostile attribution bias, excessive blaming) minimalisation of consequences Methodological and conceptual issues, Implications and links to issues and debates behaviour: level of moral reasoning and cognitive distortions, including hostile attribution bias and minimalisation Research methods and practical for option topic 3 Paradox of victimisation and fear of crime. Gender differences in fear of crime, holiday v home. Understand ways of dealing with offending behaviour: Behaviour modification in custody Cognitive distortions and attribution bias, content analysis of TV crime dramas. Dealing with offending. Role of custodial sentencing, reform, incapacitation, deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation, eg Davies and Raymond (2000). Understand ways of dealing with offending behaviour: the aims of custodial sentencing and the psychological effects of custodial sentencing Recidivism reduction. Reintegration in the noncriminal community. Self-efficacy and commitment to change, and have stronger social support networks. Scottish Govt report Effects of custodial sentences - Zimbardo prison study Understand recidivism Assessing effectiveness of different methods of treating offending behaviour Use and effectiveness of behaviour modification in custodial setting, Use and effectiveness of anger management, eg national anger management package Use and effectiveness of Restorative Justice Understand ways of dealing with offending behaviour: Anger management and restorative justice programmes Introduction to relationships (Option topic 1) Physical attractiveness as a complimentarity in the filter factor in attraction, eg waist theory. to hip ratios, symmetry, Murstein s (1972) Matching Hypothesis. Other factors important in attraction. Social demography, similarity in attitudes, etc. as factors in attraction Discuss self disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic Discuss physical attractiveness including matching hypothesis as a factor affecting attraction in romantic Filter Theory of attraction/formation of relationships, Kerckhoff & Davis(1962) The importance of Discuss filter theory including social demography as a factor affecting attraction in romantic Discuss similarity in

4 Half Term Evolutionary explanations of partner preferences. Male and female preferences in mates Research evidence for mate preferences, eg Buss 1989, Penton-Voak et al 2001 The nature of sexual selection in terms of relationships and human reproductive behaviour. Intra sexual selection (mate competition, male aggression, sperm competition, Inter selection (mate choice), link back to mate preference research. Psychological explanations for romantic relationships Social exchange theory (Thibaut & Kelley) Equity theory (Walster) Rusbult s investment model of commitment satisfaction, comparison with alternatives and investment. Duck s Phase Model of relationship breakdown - description of main stages Introduction into nature and types of virtual relationships in social media. Ways in which virtual relationship may be similar and different to more traditional face-to-face -disclosure & Deindividuation in virtual Parasocial relationships The nature of parasocial relationships The Absorption-Addiction Model McCutcheon. Know the evolutionary Know the evolutionary Understand the social exchange Understand Rusbult s Understand virtual relationships Know parasocial relationships explanations for partner preferences, including the relationship between sexual selection and human reproductive behaviour. explanations for partner preferences, including the relationship between sexual selection and human reproductive behaviour. theory of romantic relationships Understand the equity theory of romantic relationships investment model of commitment, satisfaction, comparison with alternatives and investment. Understand Duck s phase model of relationship breakdown: intra-psychic, dyadic, social and grave dressing phases in social media: self-disclosure in virtual relationships; effects of absence of gating on the nature of virtual relationships and levels of parasocial relationships Know the absorption addiction model and the attachment theory explanation

5 Half Term The Attachment theory explanation for parasocial Revision Revision Revision Exam period Know the absorption addiction model and the attachment theory explanation

6 Half Term