Motivation 2/7/18 NEVER GIVE UP! A force that Energizes people to act Directs behavior to attain specific goals Sustains behavior over time

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1 Motivation NEVER GIVE UP! A force that Energizes people to act Directs behavior to attain specific goals Sustains behavior over time All jobs require workers to be motivated Motivation can be affected by many different factors 3 Maslow s Need Hierarchy Theory What are needs that everyone has (i.e., universal)? In order, from most basic to advanced needs 4 1

2 Workers must satisfy basic needs before focusing on more advanced ones Workers are primarily concerned with being paid enough, providing for basic needs (i.e., physio, safety) After this is met, they may want their work to also Have fulfilling social interactions Embolden their sense of self Fulfill their life s purpose 5 What needs are being met by? A assembly-line worker A elementary school teacher What job could help someone become self-actualized? More needs met = Higher job satisfaction 6 Strengths Clearly lays out different types of needs that almost all people have Shows which motivations are most crucial and which need to be met before others can be achieved 7 2

3 Limitations Difficult to test empirically How can these needs be objectively measured? Predictions made by theory don t always hold up Studies show these needs often overlap with each other E.g., satisfying relationships often bolster self-esteem Needs are often met out of order Even people who are extremely poor can have good relationships and high self-esteem Difficult to utilize theory to improve job satisfaction 8 McClelland s Achievement Motivation Theory People are motivated to different degrees by 3 needs What needs are most important to you as an individual? 9 Is the following true or false for you? 1) I like classes that are challenging, rather than easy. 2) I like to do things my own way and become frustrated when working in teams. 3) It s really important that people respect me and do what I say. 4) I dislike having to follow orders from others. 5) It s really important to have good relationships with the people I m working with. 6) I need to have a job where I can work closely with others. 10 3

4 If you answered true to 1 and 2, you re high in need for achievement If you answered true to 3 and 4, you re high in need for power If you answered true to 5 and 6, you re high in need for affiliation 11 1) Need for achievement driven by need to succeed and accomplish tasks Answered true on items I like classes that are challenging, rather than easy. I like to do things my own way and become frustrated when working in teams. 12 1) Need for achievement driven by need to succeed and accomplish tasks People high in need for achievement Like to be challenged by their work Need to see their results to feel accomplished Desire feedback on how well they re doing 13 4

5 Do best in jobs where they have high autonomy (control) and actively work to solve problems What jobs work best? E.g., engineer, computer programmer, scientist, lawyer, entrepreneur Most driven by jobs that are taskoriented and reward work immediately and in tangible ways E.g., sales-person working on commission 14 2) Need for power driven by desire to control others and be influential Answered true on items It s really important that people respect me and do what I say. I dislike having to follow orders from others. 15 2) Need for power driven by desire to control others and be influential People high in need for power Are driven to attain higher levels of status Need to have their contributions recognized Desire to be respected by others, but not necessarily liked 16 5

6 What kind of jobs are best for power-oriented people? Tend to become managers or team leaders Although they often aren t popular with employees Power-orientation often related with narcissism Belief that you are better than others 17 3) Need for affiliation driven by desire to be liked and accepted by others Answered true on items It s really important to have good relationships with the people I m working with. I need to have a job where I can work closely with others. 18 3) Need for affiliation driven by desire to be liked and accepted by others People high in need for affiliation Most enjoy group work that is fun and highly interpersonal Most motivated by cooperative tasks Not competitive or solitary tasks 19 6

7 What kind of jobs are best for affiliationoriented people? Tend to do well in education, healthcare, or serviceoriented jobs Tend to have high empathy and emotional intelligence 20 Theories are useful for selecting jobs that will satisfy different workers Imagine you re running a software company and you have to fill different positions Programming director Computer programmers Marketing department What need-types would be best in each role? 21 Achievement oriented people tend to be more productive and earn higher incomes than average A lot of research has gone into how to make people more achievementoriented However, it s very difficult to change someone s core motivations Also, it can be bad to be too high in achievement-orientation 22 7

8 What are qualities of a workaholic? Work most hours of the day, often neglecting sleep Unable to enjoy down time E.g., eats meals quickly, doesn t read for pleasure Misses out on important events with family and friends in order to work Driven by idea that their work is immensely important and bad things will happen if they relax 23 Example: Rob Rhinehart Computer programmer who was frustrated with how much time he was wasting on food Found he spent 90 minutes a day on eating, preparing food, cleaning up food, shopping for food, etc. He wanted that time to work! So he invented full meal replacement in a bottle (Soylent) 24 8