Handbook of. Clinical Geropsychology

Transcription

1 Handbook of Clinical Geropsychology

2 The Plenum Series in Adult Development and Aging SERIES EDITOR: Jack Demick, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts ADULT DEVELOPMENT, THERAPY, AND CULTURE A Postmodern Synthesis Gerald D. Young THE AMERICAN FATHER Biocultural and Developmental Aspects Wade C. Mackey THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGIC IN ADULTHOOD Postformal Thought and Its Applications Jan D. Sinnott HANDBOOK OF AGING AND MENTAL HEALTH An Integrative Approach Edited by Jacob Lomranz HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL GEROPSYCHOLOGY Edited by Michel Hersen and Vincent B. Van Hasselt HANDBOOK OF PAIN AND AGING Edited by David 1. Mostofsky and Jacob Lomranz HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN ADULTHOOD Lewis R. Aiken PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF OLDER ADULTS An Introductory Text Edited by Michel Hersen and Vincent B. Van Hasselt

3 Handbook of Clinical Geropsychology Edited by Michel Hersen Pacific University Forest Grove, Oregon and Vincent B. Van Hasselt Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Florida Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of clinical geropsycho logy / edited by Michel Hersen and Vincent B. Van Hasselt. p. cm. (The Plenum series in adult development and aging) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Geriatric psychiatry Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Aged--Mental health Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Clinical psychology Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Hersen, Michel. II. Van Hasselt, Vincent B. III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders in old age. 2. Mental Disorders- -therapy. 3. Geriatric Psych i atry methods. 4. Aged psycho logy. WT 150 H ] RC451.4.A5H *689 dc21 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress CIP ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) Springer Science+Business Media New York 1998 Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 http: / / All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 Contributors RONALD D. ADELMAN, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York PATRICIA A. AREAN, Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California J. GAYLE BECK, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York STEPHEN J. BARTELS, Department of Psychiatry and Community and Family Medicine, New Hampshire-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Concord, New Hampshire GARY R. BIRCHLER, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California FRANCE C. BLAIS, Ecole de Psychologie, Universite Laval, Cite Universitaire, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 LOUIS D. BURGIO, Center for Aging, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, and Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama TONY CELLUCCI, Department of Psychology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina KATIE E. CHERRY, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana ANTONIA CHRONOPOLOUS, Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida JOAN M. COOK, Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida DAVID W. COON, Older Adult Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California v

6 vi Contributors ELLEN M. CorrnR, Center for Aging, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, and Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama PATRICK H. DELEON, Administrative Assistant to U.S. Senator Daniel K. Inouye, U.S. Senate, Hart Senate Building, Washington, D.C LARRY W. DUPREE, Department of Aging and Mental Health, The Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida BUNNY FALK, Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida WILLIAM FALS-STEWART, Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia NANCY FOLDI, Division of Neurology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York MARY J. GAGE, Mellon Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio DOLORES GALLAGHER-THOMPSON, Older Adult Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California CHARLES J. GOLDEN, Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida ANTHONY J. GORECZNY, Director of Clinical Training Program, Department ofpsychology, University ofindianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana IGOR GRANT, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California CHERYL BURNS HARDISON, Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan MICHEL HERSEN, School of Professional Psychology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon JAMES S. JACKSON, Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan MICHAEL LAVIN, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona HOWARD D. LERNER, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan EDITH S. LISANSKy-GOMBERG, Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan NATHANIEL MCCONAGHY, Psychiatric Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia

7 Contributors vii KEITH M. MILES, Department of Psychiatry and Community and Family Medicine, New Hampshire-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Concord, New Hampshire VERONIQUE MIMEAULT, Ecole de Psychologie, Universite Laval. Cite Universitaire, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 CHARLES M. MORIN, Ecole de Psychologie, Universite Laval. Cite Universitaire, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 DEBRA S. MORLEY, Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts DAVID I. MOSTOFSKY, Laboratory for Experimental Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts KIM T. MUESER, Department of Psychiatry and Community and Family Medicine, New Hampshire-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Concord, New Hampshire TED D. NIRENBERG, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island THOMAS L. PATTERSON, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California DAVID POWERS, Older Adult Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California PETER V. RAsINs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland PATRICIA RIvERA, Older Adult Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California BRUCE D. SALES, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona DEREK SATRE, Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California LAWRENCE SCHONFELD, Department of Aging and Mental Health, The Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida DANIEL L. SEGAL, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado SHERRILL L. SELLERS, Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan SHIRLEY SEMPLE, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California

8 viii Contributors WILLIAM S. SHAW, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California HENNA SIDDIQUI, Division of Geriatrics, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York ANDERSON D. SMITH, School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia MELINDA A. STANLEY, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Mental Sciences Institute, Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas WARREN W. TRYON, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York HEATHER UNCAPHER, Department of Psychiatry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California VINCENT B. VAN HASSELT, Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida GARY R. VANDENBos, American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C PATRICIA A. WISOCKI, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts ANTONETTE M. ZEISS, Training and Program Development, Psychology Service, and Interprofessional Team Training and Development Program, Older Adult Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Palo Alto, California 94304

9 Preface Clinical psychology is a relatively young profession, with its major growth spurt having occurred in the period after World War II. Clinical geropsychology, a subspecialty of clinical psychology, is of most recent vintage, with its growth spurt paralleling the dramatic increase in older adults in the United States. Indeed, in the past two decades the number of persons over 65 years of age has increased by 65%. In the year 2030, one third ofthe population is projected to be 55 years of age and older. In addition, the number of very old (Le., those more than 85 years of age) is expected to increase by a factor of 6 by the middle of the next century. Given this so-called graying of America, it should not be surprising that clinical psychologists have turned their attention to the assessment and remediation of the problems that are faced (and will continue to be faced) by our senior citizens. It is paradoxical that despite our aging population and increased longevity, the age designated as the beginning of study for geropsychology has decreased from 65 to 55, and in some instances even 50. Also of interest are the changes in terminology with respect to study of older individuals, going from the more pejorative geriatrics, to the less pejorative gerontology, to clinical geropsychology, which now reflects the work of clinical psychologists. Editors of other handbooks have used the words aging and gerontology in their titles. This is the first compendium referred to as the Handbook of Clinical Psychology and it, of course, highlights the contributions of clinical psychology. The Handbook of Clinical Geropsychology contains 25 chapters divided into three parts. In Part I ("General Issues"), in addition to a historical perspective, the chapters are about clinical geropsychology and U.S. federal policy, psychodynamic issues, the values of behavioral perspectives in treating older adults, moral and ethical considerations in geropsychology, and normal memory aging. Part II ("Psychopathology, Assessment, and Treatment") incorporates description, assessment, and treatment for dementia, substance abuse disorders, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances in late life, personality disorders, aging and mental retardation, and behavioral medicine interventions with older adults. Finally, in Part m ("Special Issues"), nine problem areas faced by older adults and their caregivers are given consideration, including health and well-being in retirement, pain management, the experience of bereavement by older adults, marriage and divorce, family caregiving, prevention, minority issues, physical activity, and approaches to diagnosis and treatment of elder abuse and neglect. ix

10 x Preface We anticipate that this book will be of interest to professionals and students from a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, psychiatry, rehabilitation, education, social work, and nursing, especially given the explosion of new data in this area. Not only is there academic interest in the area of clinical geropsychology, but growing media and governmental attention has focused on the shift in the age spectrum of the population in our country, with its attendant problems. Given the new data and the increasing population of older people, we believe that a new handbook in the field of clinical geropsychology is indeed warranted, especially one that presents coverage of issues from the perspective of clinical psychology. As an a priori apologia, we should note that in light of the newness of clinical geropsychology, the conclusions reached in some of the chapters can only be described as tentative. In some instances, there may be greater attention focused on where the field is going. Perhaps more definitive statements will appear in future editions of this work, as necessary. Many individuals have contributed to the genesis and fruition of this project. First, we thank our editor and friend at Plenum Press, Eliot Werner, who understood the merits ofthis endeavor. Second, we thank our contributors who took time out to share their expertise with us. And finally, we thank our friend, Burt G. Bolton, who graciously has provided us with his technical expertise. Michel Hersen Vincent B. Van Hasselt

11 Contents PART I. GENERAL ISSUES 1. Historical Perspectives 3 Joan M. Cook, Michel Hersen, and Vincent B. Van Hasselt 2. Clinical Geropsychology and U.S. Federal Policy 19 Gary R. VandenBos and Patrick H. DeLeon 3. Psychodynamic Issues 29 Howard D. Lerner 4. The Value of Behavioral Perspectives in Treating Older Adults 51 Larry W. Dupree and Lawrence Schonfeld 5. Moral and Ethical Considerations in Geropsychology 71 Michael Lavin and Bruce D. Sales 6. Normal Memory Aging 87 Katie E. Cherry and Anderson D. Smith PART II. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, ASSESSMENT. AND TREATMENT 7. Dementia 113 Charles J. Golden and Antonia Chronopolous 8. Substance Abuse Disorders 147 Ted D. Nirenberg, Edith S. Lisansky-Gomberg, and Tony Cellucci 9. Schizophrenia 173 Stephen J. Bartels, Kim T. Mueser, and Keith M. Miles 10. Depression 195 Patricia A. Arean, Heather Uncapher, and Derek Satre 11. Anxiety Disorders 217 Melinda A. Stanley and J. Gayle Beck 12. Sexual Dysfunction 239 Nathaniel McConaghy xi

12 xii Contents 13. Sleep Disturbances in Late Life 273 Charles M. Morin, France C. Blais, and Veronique Mimeault 14. Personality Disorders 301 Bunny Falk and Daniel L. Segal 15. Aging and Mental Retardation 323 Ellen M. Cotter and Louis D. Burgio 16. Behavioral Medicine Interventions with Older Adults 351 Mary J. Gage and Anthony J. Goreczny PART III. SPECIAL ISSUES 17. Health and Well-Being in Retirement: A Summary of Theories and Their Implications 383 William S. Shaw, Thomas L. Patterson. Shirley Semple. and Igor Grant 18. Pain Management 411 Debra S. Morley and David 1. Mostofsky 19. The Experience of Bereavement by Older Adults 431 Patricia A. Wisocki 20. Marriage and Divorce 449 Gary R. Birchler and William Fals-Stewart 21. Family Caregiving: Stress, Coping, and Intervention 469 Dolores Gallagher-Thompson. David W. Coon. Patricia Rivera. David Powers, and Antonette M. Zeiss 22. Prevention 495 Peter V. Rabins 23. Minority Issues 505 Sherrill L. Sellers. James S. Jackson. and Cheryl Burns Hardison 24. Physical Activity 523 Warren W. Tryon 25. Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Elder Abuse and Neglect 557 Ronald D. Adelman, Henna Siddiqui. and Nancy Foldi Subject Index 569