Reproduction. Chapter 7
|
|
- Juliana Cole
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Reproduction Chapter 7
2 Sexual Selection Darwin's theory to explain traits that aren't obviously advantageous
3 Bower Birds
4 Bower Birds She builds the nest, cares for the nestlings and he does.?
5 What does it mean, to build a bower? Females prefer neat bowers. Hypothesis: These are build by superior males. Evidence from parasites, brain studies/cerebellum (conflicting)
6 Consider the investment in gametes Gamete: egg or sperm Female: few Male: many Creates competition for access to female gametes
7 Reproductive Strategies Female: few high cost gametes means invest in parenting those offspring to increase my fitness. Male: many, cheap gametes means invest in getting lots of mating opportunities to increase my fitness.
8 Evidence: Reproductive Success of Bowerbirds
9 Therefore, males should not provide anything beyond gametes! but...
10 Operational Sex Ratio The number of sexually active males: the number of sexually active females. The ratio indicates which sex selects a mate The ratio can change, such as.
11 Nuptial Gifts Remember the balloon flies? Lesser gifts, ratio is high, she selects. Valuable gifts, ratio is low, he selects. Why do males chose female dancing flies with large abdomens?
12 The ratio can vary over time
13 Sexual selection is more than mate choice. Competition among individuals seeking access, usually male-male competition. Look at body size and weapons, correlation with mating success. Dominance hierarchies.
14 And if you aren't the biggest/ best? Make friends with females (baboons) Make friends with other males (coalition, baboons) Brief encounters (iguanas) Satellites (crickets, toads) Forced copulation Males can alter these strategies over time.
15 Are all strategies flexible? No. Genetic populations of Ruff can be:1 Territory holder, 2 Satellite, or 3 Female mimic
16 How do these differences persist? Must have similar reproductive success if differences are genetic. Gamma, Beta and Alpha Variation among the strategies depending on conditions in the sponge.
17 Beyond direct competition: sperm competition Damselfly males remove most of the sperm from earlier matings. Female hens can expel semen.
18 Mate Guarding Physical barriers: orb web weaver dies in the female. Temporal: expensive (why?) Does it work? Seychelles warblers and EPCs.
19 So, mate choice What does a female (usually) want? Resources: territory, nuptial gifts, (spiders) Paternal investment: blue tits and carotenoids A good quality male: no material benefit
20 What makes a male good? 1 Healthy and won't make her sick 2 Good genes will benefit her fitness 3 Runaway Selection or sexy sons 4 Chase-away selection-no benefit
21 Healthy mate Male bowerbirds and high-quality bowers, fewer ectoparasites
22 Good genes Plumage as an honest signal of health Likely a strong, genetic component to health Found positive correlation between plumage brightness and parasite loads across species. What does this mean?
23 Runaway Selection Female choice drives male ornamentation Links genes for choice with genes for ornament Goes beyond an honest signal
24 So, which one? Chick survival
25 Conflict between the sexes Drosophila transfer proteins with sperm that increase his success and decrease hers! Females choose large males but they make more of the proteins and lower her success further. An arms race! Possibly chase-away selection
26 Mating Systems-Chapter 8 1 Monogamy 2 Polyandry 3 Polygyny And the many combinations within!
27 Why should a male be monogamous? 1 extension of guarding, little chance of another mating 2 mate-assistance, big increase to fitness, gryllus crickets 3 male needed to have any success, seahorse 4 female-enforced, burying beetles Not common in mammals
28 More common in birds Having both parents increases nestling survival in many birds But 90% of bird species studied show EPC. So He might be raising babies who aren't his! Explain microsatellite analysis.
29 Polyandry High, male-biased sex ratio, females with territories are rare and can attract multiple males. Spotted Sandpipers Female can lay more eggs Ratio favors males Locally rich food supply No fitness effort of 2 parents
30 Why do females seek additional matings? Pro Assure fertility disease/parasite Good genes predation Genetic compatibility Resources More caregivers Male protection Reduced infanticide Exposure to Con Risk of Energy expenditure Many females show higher fitness with EPC!
31 Polygyny How do you find lots of females? Female-defense: find the females, guard them Resource-defense: defend territory with resources Lek: defend a display territory Scramble competition: try to find and guard a receptive female. Lots of variation in male success
32 Lek Males gather, display and few get most of the matings. Why would this occur?
33 Lek Females are drawn to the location, not defensible= hotspot hypothesis Males are drawn to successful males to cash in = hotshot hypothesis Females gather to compare males = female preference hypothesis
Evolution of Mating Systems. Chapter 8
Evolution of Mating Systems Chapter 8 Mating Systems-Chapter 8 1 Monogamy 2 Polyandry 3 Polygyny And the many combinations within! Why should a male be monogamous? 1 extension of guarding, little chance
More informationGood resources. Why are females choosy? Good resources. Resources from males can tip the scales of relative investment
Why are females choosy? Good resources direct benefits Good genes indirect benefits Sexy son hypothesis (Fisher) Handicap hypothesis (Zahavi) Good genes for sons, daughters Good resources courtship feeding
More informationGood resources. Why are females choosy? Good resources. Good resources direct benefits Good genes indirect benefits
Why are females choosy? Good resources direct benefits Good genes indirect benefits Sexy son hypothesis (Fisher) Handicap hypothesis (Zahavi) Good genes for sons, daughters courtship feeding Good resources
More information3/26/ Sexual dimorphism is differences between males and females of a species. 2. Anisogamy. 1. Fecundity
Sexual Dimorphism 1. Sexual dimorphism is differences between males and females of a species. 2. Anisogamy A. sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two dissimilar gametes;individuals producing the
More informationThe behavioral ecology of animal reproduction
The behavioral ecology of animal reproduction I. Introduction to Behavioral Ecology Behavioral ecologists test hypotheses about the adaptive function of a behavior Behavioral Ecology Behavioral ecologists
More informationdisadvantages of sexual reproduction Only 50% of your genome is in your offspring.
disadvantages of sexual reproduction... 1. Only 50% of your genome is in your offspring. 2. Your good traits (assume they are good because you have survived to the point of reproduction) are victimized
More informationMating systems and parental investment. Mating systems. Resource distribution. Polygyny. Pattern of matings in a population. Antithesis = promiscuity
1 Mating systems and parental investment Mating systems Pattern of matings in a population green anole Antithesis = promiscuity Polygyny Scramble: no attempts to defend females, resources horseshoe crabs
More informationWednesday, September 12, 12. Whiptail Lizard
Whiptail Lizard Sexual Selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace Noticed that males of many species have highly elaborated traits that seem maladaptive (secondary sexual characters) Antlers
More informationBird Mating Systems/Sexual Selection
Bird Mating Systems/Sexual Selection Why study mating systems? What are the ecological conditions under which different mating systems arise? Implications for evolution mating is where genes are passed
More informationApril 12: Reproduction III: Female choice. Female choice
April 12: Reproduction III: Female choice Female choice In general, females are expected to be choosier than males because they have more to lose by making bad mating decisions Costs and Benefits: Possible
More informationAnti-predator behavior: Group defense - Many eyes - Selfish herd - Dilution effects - Tonic immobility. Dispersal:
Note: These are just the topics that have been covered since Exam 2. The exams are cumulative, so all the material that we have covered in this course can be included in the Final. However, there will
More informationAll discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection
All discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection Natural Selection Survival Mating Success Parental Care Intrasexual Selection: Weapons that are used
More informationThis question is taken directly from the list of second test study questions (#6) it should not be a surprise...
1. Female choice of males that have exaggerated characters has been explained by female choice of males that have better genes. Explain how female choice of higher quality males might lead to exaggerated
More informationChapter # 8 Life History Patterns (pg )
Chapter # 8 Life History Patterns (pg. 164 180) 8.1 Reproduction May Be Sexual or Asexual What are the goals for living organisms? 8.2 Sexual Reproduction Takes Many Forms Parthenogenesis born w/o fertilization
More informationAll discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection
All discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection Intrasexual Natural Selection Sexual Selection Survival Mating Success Parental Care Intrasexual
More informationANIMAL REPRODUCTION. Possibilities: Asexual or Sexual. Fact: Most animals reproduce sexually. BUT a strange way to propagate!!!
ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Possibilities: Asexual or Sexual Fact: Most animals reproduce sexually. BUT a strange way to propagate!!! Necessities for Sexual Reproduction: * 2 versions of individual male version
More informationESRM 350 Reproduction and Mating Systems
ESRM 350 Reproduction and Mating Systems Autumn 2013 Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more. - Macbeth, William Shakespeare Reproduction
More information12/3/2012. I. Benefits of mate choice. A. Direct benefits. Examples of Female Choice. Mechanisms of Sexual Selection. A.
Examples of Female Choice Mechanisms of Sexual Selection A. Mate competition B. Mate choice green frogs common terns mottled sculpins smooth newts elephant seals three-spined sticklebacks house finches
More informationEnSt/Bio 295 Exam II This test is worth 100 points; you have approximately 50 minutes. Allocate your time accordingly.
Name: 1 NAME: EnSt/Bio 295 Exam II This test is worth 100 points; you have approximately 50 minutes. Allocate your time accordingly. 1) Describe the following concepts in a few sentences (2 points each)
More informationRare ectotherm biparental care. Who cares? Determining optimal parental investment per offspring Trade offs:
Rare ectotherm biparental care Burying beetles, clownfish Parent beetles bury, defend, shave, roll, inoculate carcass Determining optimal parental investment per offspring Trade offs: offspring quantity
More informationMITOCW MIT9_20F13_lec18.mp3
MITOCW MIT9_20F13_lec18.mp3 The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free.
More informationSexual selection. Intrasexual selection mating success determined by within-sex interactions e.g., male-male combat
Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Is sexual selection different from natural selection? Darwin saw them as distinct - only sexual selection could produce traits that compromise survival The basic principle
More information11/14/2012. Darwin attributed sexual differences to sexual selection.
Darwin: Sexual size dimorphism is common. male elephant seals Many mammals males bigger than females female Sexual differences include differences in morphology, behavior and physiology. Morphology male
More informationSome observations. Some traits are difficult to view as adaptations, because they appear to provide a disadvantage to the organism
Some traits are difficult to view as adaptations, because they appear to provide a disadvantage to the organism Darwin asked: Can natural selection explain these differences? Structural traits: cumbersome
More informationFILM SESSIONS. Film session I - Behaviour of Communication (September 30)
FILM SESSIONS Film session I - Behaviour of Communication (September 30) 1. Talking to Strangers (60 min.) 1 This film surveys some of the general communication signals used by animals from diverse taxa,
More informationGoals: Be able to. Sexual Dimorphism
Goals: Be able to Connect sexual dimorphism and sexual selection. Use parental investment arguments to describe why sexual selection occurs. Explain why long male peacock tails are an indicator of good
More informationThe sight of a feather in a peacock s tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick. --Charles Darwin 1887
The sight of a feather in a peacock s tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick. --Charles Darwin 1887 1 Outline causes sexual selection vs. natural selection sexual selection during courtship male-male
More informationHow To Win Even If You re A Loser. Hannah Mulhausen and Mary O Sullivan
How To Win Even If You re A Loser Hannah Mulhausen and Mary O Sullivan Let s Discuss!!! What are some tactics the losers use to get mates? MATES: A How-to Guide 1) Sneaking 2) Gangs 3) Lurking 4) Masturbation
More informationUNIT 9. PARENTAL CARE AND MATING SYSTEMS
UNIT 9. PARENTAL CARE AND MATING SYSTEMS SOURCES (for powerpoint format: http://wfsc.tamu.edu/jpackard/behavior/wfsc622/powerpoints.zip) required: Chapter 9 in Krebs & Davies (1993:208-243) remedial: "Rearing
More informationEnvironmental Potential for Polygamy. Polygamy Favored. Do females always benefit from being mates of polygynous males? Resource Defense Polygyny
1 Polygamy Favored Biparental care not mandatory Food super-abundant Resource abundance varies spatially & temporally Environmental Potential for Polygamy Distribution of resources or mates Spatial & temporal
More informationSexual selection. 1) Sexual dimorphism. 2) Variation in mating success. 3) Sexual selection. 4) Female choice based on male ornaments
Sexual selection 1) Sexual dimorphism 2) Variation in mating success 3) Sexual selection 4) Female choice based on male ornaments 5) The evolution of female preference 1) Sexual dimorphism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:descent_of_man_-_figure_16.jpg
More informationLECTURE 06. Today: Follow up on minute papers Modes of selection Non random mating Sexual selection Guest speaker: Dr. Daniel Fergus Summary 2/17/2014
Spring 2014: Mondays 10:15am 12:05pm (Fox Hall, Room 204) Instructor: D. Magdalena Sorger Website: theantlife.com/teaching/bio295-islands-evolution LECTURE 06 Today: Follow up on minute papers Modes of
More informationSexual Selection. Male and female. Lukas Schärer. Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute University of Basel
Sexual Selection Lukas Schärer! Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute University of Basel 1 8.11.2017 Advanced-level Evolutionary Biology Male and female 2 Summary: Sexual Selection defining sexual
More informationWhiptail Lizard Sexual Selection
Whiptail Lizard Sexual Selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace Noticed that males of many species have highly elaborated traits that seem maladaptive (secondary sexual characters) 1 2 Antlers
More informationTypes of behaviors that are elicited in response to simple stimuli
Lecture 19: Animal Behavior I. Background A. Animal behavior reflects and arises from biological properties 1. Exhibited behavior defends on the physiological systems and processes unique to a given organism
More information- These unique traits and behaviours are only seen in one sex
Coyne chapter 6 how sex drives evolution for lec 6 and 7 - Peacock with its blue tail violates every aspect of Darwin because the traits that make him beautiful is making him maladaptive for survival because
More informationCost/benefit approach
Cost/benefit approach Care FEMALE Abandon MALE Care F: wp 2 WP 1 M: wp 2 WP 1 Abandon F: wp 1 WP 0 M: wp 1 (1+p M ) WP 0 (1+p M ) P 0,1,2 = probability eggs survive given 0, 1, or 2 parents W, w = eggs
More informationTesting Sensory Bias. Why are females choosy? Sensory Bias. Sensory bias. 1. Direct benefits. 2. Runaway sexual selection. 3.
Why are females choosy? 1. Direct benefits 2. Runaway sexual selection 3. Sensory bias 4. Good genes Sensory Bias 1. Runaway sexual selection predicts females can have preferences for male traits that
More information10/7/2011. What is a male and what is a female? Both males and females are selected to maximize their success in reproduction.
Insect Reproduction Insect Reproduction Major Objectives 1. Name the two agents of sexual selection. 2. Describe, with examples, the four major benefits of being choosy. 3. Explain why males are often
More informationSexual selection. Introduction, key concepts, examples.
Sexual selection Introduction, key concepts, examples. ENS Master 1 EBE UE Comportement, population, adaptation (E2) Octobre 2010 David Laloi (david.laloi@upmc.fr) 1 Darwin s hypothesis 1859 The origin
More informationTest Bank. Chapter 2. Abrams, Sexuality and Its Disorders SAGE Publishing, 2017
Test Bank Chapter 2 1. Is the male female dichotomy an appropriate mode of defining gender? Why, or why not? Ans: The male female dichotomy is strongly embodied in most of cultures, religions, and even
More informationIntroduction, key concepts, examples. - Pioneer ideas: Darwin, Bateman, Trivers
Sexual selection Introduction, key concepts, examples. - Pioneer ideas: Darwin, Bateman, Trivers - Male-male competition: processes and intrasexually-selected traits - Mate choice: processes and intersexually-selected
More informationLearning Objectives (Davies et al. 2012, Table 9.3)
Behavioral Ecology of Vertebrates Unit 9. Mating Systems Module 4 Reproduction j-packard@tamu.edu Previously, we have examined how the physical and social environments have shaped behavioral strategies.
More informationPinniped Social Systems
Pinniped Social Systems Animal Mating Systems Polygamy Polygyny (one male & many females) Polyandry (one female & many males) Monogamy One male & one female Does not rule out hanky panky Serial Monogamy
More informationSexual Selection. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace
Whiptail Lizard Sexual Selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace Noticed that males of many species have highly elaborated traits that seem maladaptive (secondary sexual characters) Antlers
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 15 Primate sociality: Predators and living in groups Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 Most haplorrine, and
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 15 Primate sociality: Predators and living in groups Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 Most haplorrine, and many strepsirrhine, primates are social: they live in
More informationMeasuring Sexual Selection
Measuring Sexual Selection Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University Sexual Selection Darwin s Two Questions: Why do males and females in the same species differ from one another, with male characters
More informationSexual selection and the evolution of sex differences
Sexual selection and the evolution of sex differences Males and females have the same genes. Why do the sexes often look and act so differently? Why is the male often insanely ornamented? (Or simply insane?)
More informationr = intrinsic rate of natural increase = the instantaneous rate of change in population size (per individual). If r > 0, then increasing
Zoology 357 - Evolutionary Ecology - First Exam 1. (6 points) List three types of natural selection and show how the population changes over time (graph the initial phenotype frequency distribution and
More informationIntroduction, key concepts, examples.
Sexual selection Introduction, key concepts, examples. - Pioneer ideas: Darwin, Bateman, Trivers - Male-male competition: processes and intrasexually-selected traits - Mate choice: processes and intersexually-selected
More informationUnderstanding Evolution (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25)
1 Understanding Evolution (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25) Natural selection Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and
More information12/3/2012. Sexual Conflict. grebe. High potential for intersexual conflict
Sexual Conflict or? grebe High potential for intersexual conflict 1 Intersexual Conflict: Outline for Today 1) An anecdote and an experiment 2) The concept of interlocus sexual conflict 3) Grounds for
More informationAdaptation and Optimality Theory
Adaptation and Optimality Theory Prisoner s Dilemma game: An optimality model What is the optimal strategy when you are playing with different people of unknown reputation? Defect: We call this the evolutionarily
More informationLectures 7 & 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 & Friday, October 14, 2011
Lectures 7 & 8 Wednesday, October 12, 2011 & Friday, October 14, 2011 Recombination Diploid organisms: The first step in sexual reproduction is the production of gametes, each of which has half the chromosomes
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 12 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2009 We want to understand the reasons
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 12 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2009 We want to understand the reasons behind the lifestyles of our non-human primate relatives
More informationLast Lecture. Cont. Being Social, Chapter 3 Evolution of Human Behavior, Chapter 14
Last Lecture Cont. Being Social, Chapter 3 Evolution of Human Behavior, Chapter 14 Is there a reason to be social? What are the benefits of sociality? 1. Cooperation, both benefit 2. Postponed cooperation
More informationThe Gene Propagation Game
The Gene Propagation Game Social Living has Costs and Benefits Competition, Territoriality and Dominance Altruism in the Animal Kingdom Genetic Relatedness and Inclusive Fitness Mating Behavior Depends
More informationTopic 17: Mating Systems. Reproduction. How are natural, fecundity & sexual selection different? Why does sexual dimorphism evolve?
Topic 17: Mating Systems Why does sexual dimorphism evolve? How are natural, fecundity and sexual selection different? What is fitness? How does each one work? Reproduction Mating Last lecture Development
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 As we have seen before, the bottom line
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 As we have seen before, the bottom line in evolution is reproductive success reproductive success:
More informationLecture 4: Sexual Selection & Female Choice. Differential Investment. Differential Investment in Mammals. Triver s Hypothesis.
Lecture 4: Sexual Selection & Female Choice Differential investment Classic views of male-female behavioral differences Natural Selection Sexual Selection Inter-sexual choice Intra-sexual competition Inter-sexual
More informationSexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Classification
Introduction 1 Introduction 2 Individuals rarely mate at random for a number of reasons: Dispersal may be limited Individuals may or may not be able to self Individuals may reproduce asexually Individuals
More informationDarwin s Puzzle: Why are Males and Females Different? Darwin, C The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 1st ed., Murray, London.
Darwin s Puzzle: Why are Males and Females Different? Darwin, C. 1871. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 1st ed., Murray, London. Parental Investment and Sexual Selection Trivers 1972
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 We want to understand the reasons
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 We want to understand the reasons behind the lifestyles of our non-human primate relatives
More informationLecture K3- Behavioral Ecology Dr. Kopeny
4/17 Included on Test #4! Lecture K3- Behavioral Ecology Dr. Kopeny Mates, Families and Societies Male Prairie Chickens on Lek (Booming Ground) displaying male Prairie Chicken two male Prairie Chickens
More informationWhat is sex? What about asexual reproduction? What is sexual reproduction?
BIOL2007 EVOLUTION OF SEX AND SEXUAL SELECTION Kanchon Dasmahapatra EVOLUTIONARY QUESTIONS ABOUT SEX Today: A) The evolution of sex 1) What is the advantage of sex? B) Ev. of sexual dimorphism - sexual
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: males and sexual selection Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 Male reproductive strategy basics:
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: males and sexual selection Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 Male reproductive strategy basics: Males are not forced to invest a lot in their offspring,
More informationBiology 352, Spring 2018 Exam Number KEY Second midterm exam Part 1 (short answer worth 21 % of grade)
Part 1 (short answer worth 21 % of grade) 1-1) Match the following terms used in behavioral ecology with the appropriate topics of behavioral study listed to the right (you may apply more than one topic
More informationSocial System of Superb Fairy Wrens. The following table shows the percentage of male fairy-wrens in various age and social status categories.
Social System of Superb Fairy Wrens Superb fairy-wrens are small (10g) insectivorous birds found in woodlands and edge habitat throughout eastern Australia. They live in cooperative social groups composed
More informationSEX AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
Chapter 15 SEX AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS Genetic system refers to the way a species reproduces itself: sexually or asexually, self-fertilize or outcross, hermaphroditic or have separate sexes. THE EVOLUTION
More informationFriday Lecture: HUM 15 Deep Time Radiometric Dating Google Map Exercise. Friday Lab: Faculty Lounge Animals in Cinema
Friday Lecture: HUM 15 Deep Time Radiometric Dating Google Map Exercise https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdk3it29uoq Friday Lab: Faculty Lounge Animals in Cinema (Tomorrow afternoon practice) - Natural
More informationI. Ethology of Insects II. Patterns of Behavior III. Modifications IV. Operation V. Genetic Basis VI. Life History
Insect Behavior I. Ethology of Insects II. Patterns of Behavior III. Modifications IV. Operation V. Genetic Basis VI. Life History I. Ethology of Insects Ethology is the comparative study of behavior We
More informationPolygyny in animals From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 1 of 6 Polygyny in animals From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Polygyny (/pəˈlɪdʒɪniː/; from Neo-Greek πολυγυνία from πολύ- poly- "many", and γυνή gyne "woman" or "wife") [1] is a mating system
More informationBehavior. What causes behavior? Chapter 35: Behavioral Adaptations. Honors Biology Wide range of activities
Chapter 35: Behavioral Adaptations Honors Biology 2013 1 Behavior Wide range of activities Both observable actions and chemical communication Response to internal and external environmental stimuli (environmental
More informationReproduction in Insects. Courtship & Mating. What do they do once they find each other?
Courtship & Mating Reproduction in Insects How do the sexes find each other? Light Swarming (male only/ female only) Leks (male aggregations) Defend territory against males Court arriving females Pheromones
More informationNovember 4, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 17 The evolution of mating systems. The evolution of sex ratio
November 4, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 17 The evolution of mating systems The evolution of sex ratio - let us define sex ratio as the proportion of males to females. - in discussing the evolution
More informationLecture 9: Primate Behavior - Ecology
Anthro 101: Human Biological Evolution Lecture 9: Primate Behavior - Ecology Prof. Kenneth Feldmeier feldmekj@lavc.edu Homework 2 Why do primates live in groups? Benefits of group life Costs of group life
More informationL567: From last time:
L567: From last time: Fisher: in Fisher s original presentation, he considered female preference for male traits that were initially favored by natural selection. This could lead to a covariance between
More information1. (6 pts) a. Can all characteristics of organisms be explained by natural selection? Explain your answer in a sentence (3 pts)
Zoology 357 - Evolutionary Ecology - First Exam 1. (6 pts) a. Can all characteristics of organisms be explained by natural selection? Explain your answer in a sentence (3 pts) b. Name two non-selectionist
More informationSEXUAL SELECTION. Darwin, The Origin Of Species
SEXUAL SELECTION What I have called Sexual Selection depends not on a struggle for existence in relation to other organic beings or to external conditions, but on a struggle between individuals of one
More informationSexual Selection and Altruism
Sexual Selection and Altruism Sex in Humans: XX and XY Sex in Humans: XX and XY Y = just a trigger for stuff on X Sexual Selection "Thus it is, as I believe, that when the males and females of any animal
More informationLekking and the Lek Paradox
Lekking and the Lek Paradox Mating Systems 5. Lekking: One sex (usually males) provides only genes to their mate. No direct benefits are passed to the mate. 6. Cooperative: Some individuals forgo reproduction
More informationFighting rules. Value of resource. Assessment and possible escalation. Degree of escalation depends on resource value. Elephant seal Rep at age 9-12
Fighting rules Assessment and possible escalation Degree of escalation depends on resource value Value of resource Red deer Rep from ages 6-12 75% reach rep. age 2-4 calves sired per year Fights typically
More informationChapter on Sexual Selection. by Michael J. Wade and Stephen M. Shuster
1-1 Chapter on Sexual Selection by Michael J. Wade and Stephen M. Shuster "When the males and females of any animal have the same general habits of life, but differ in structure, colour, or ornament, such
More informationBIOLOGY 206 Midterm 2 Winter 2007
VERSION A BIOLOGY 206 Midterm 2 Winter 2007 Prof. A. Chippindale Instructions: This exam has 30 available points. There are 20, equally weighted, multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions
More informationCOMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY BY ANIMAL
COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY BY ANIMAL NO.6 - ALBATROSS KEVIN BREWER ISBN: 978-1-904542-11-7 PUBLISHED BY Orsett Psychological Services, PO Box 179, Grays, Essex RM16 3EW UK COPYRIGHT Kevin Brewer 2003 COPYRIGHT
More information# 10. Sexual Selection. Dr. Michael Ryan January 26, 2001
# 10 Sexual Selection Dr. Michael Ryan January 26, 2001 Produced by and for Hot Science - Cool Talks by the Environmental Science Institute. We request that the use of these materials include an acknowledgement
More information13.17 Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms
13.17 Natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms 1. Selection can only act on existing variation Natural selection cannot conjure up new beneficial alleles 2. Evolution is limited by historical
More informationDo male fallow deer (Dama dama L) guard female before and after mating.
Research Article Animal Science Journal, 3(1): 01-05, 2012 Available online at www.isisn.org ISISnet Publishers Print ISSN: 2220-959 Online ISSN: 2220-9557 Do male fallow deer (Dama dama L) guard female
More informationEvolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology Mating & Reproduction 1 I. Sex as evolved/selected strategy A. Why sex works B. Why monogamy works Hints: 1.See sex as phenomenon 2. Distal vs. proximal causality 3. Consider why
More informationTypes of Mating Systems
The Human Mating System Note: this is the stereotypical EP view (e.g., Buss) Types of Mating Systems Random Monogamy Polygyny: variance in male reproductive success > variance in female reproductive success
More informationI. REPRODUCTION TWO GENERAL MODES:
I. REPRODUCTION TWO GENERAL MODES: 1. ASEXUAL: produce offspring whose genes come from a single parent, without the fusing of an egg and sperm. 2. SEXUAL: produce offspring by the fussion of haploid gametes
More informationGenetics and Diversity Punnett Squares
Genetics and Diversity Punnett Squares 1 OUTCOME QUESTION(S): S1-1-12: How are the features of the parents inherited to create unique offspring? Vocabulary & Concepts Allele Dominant Recessive Genotype
More informationExam 2 Answer Key. Name. Bio 368 Behavioral Ecology Dr. J. W. White Spring Total points: Multiple choice. Definitions. Short answer.
Name Bio 368 Behavioral Ecology Dr. J. W. White Spring 2014 Answer Key Total points: Multiple choice /30 Definitions /10 Short answer /20 Long answer /10 Subtotal /70 Curve Bonus /4 Total /70 % Part I
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 17 Mating: Sexual selection Copyright Bruce Owen 2011 Sexual selection: selection that favors traits
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 17 Mating: Sexual selection Copyright Bruce Owen 2011 Sexual selection: selection that favors traits that increase male success in mating Sexual selection
More informationAdaptation vs Exaptation. Examples of Exaptation. Behavior of the Day! Historical Hypotheses
Adaptation vs Exaptation 1. Definition 1: Adaptation = A trait, or integrated suite of traits, that increases the fitness (reproductive success) of its possessor. 2. However, traits can have current utility
More informationEcological benefits of cooperation. Life Insurance. Life Insurance. Fortress defense
Ecological benefits of cooperation 1. For cooperation and eusociality to evolve it also is required that ecological conditions lead to a high enough benefit/cost ratio to favor cooperation a. Need B/C
More informationCh. 23 The Evolution of Populations
Ch. 23 The Evolution of Populations 1 Essential question: Do populations evolve? 2 Mutation and Sexual reproduction produce genetic variation that makes evolution possible What is the smallest unit of
More informationSo what is a species?
So what is a species? Evolutionary Forces New Groups Biological species concept defined by Ernst Mayr population whose members can interbreed & produce viable, fertile offspring reproductively compatible
More informationParental Care 12/4/2012. How parents care: Parental Investment vs. Parental Care
Parental Care Parental Care Outline 1. Parental investment versus parental care 2. Who cares? 3. Whether or not to care (matriphagy) 4. Current vs. future reproduction a. Resource availability b. Lifespan
More informationShort-Term Sexual Strategies
Short-Term Sexual Strategies Theories of Men s Short-Term Mating Primary reproductive benefit: Direct increase in number of offspring Competition (usually Males) Sperm are cheap RS with # of matings Potential
More information