Fighting rules. Value of resource. Assessment and possible escalation. Degree of escalation depends on resource value. Elephant seal Rep at age 9-12
|
|
- Spencer Williamson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fighting rules Assessment and possible escalation Degree of escalation depends on resource value Value of resource Red deer Rep from ages % reach rep. age 2-4 calves sired per year Fights typically do not have serious injuries Elephant seal Rep at age % reach rep. age Up to 93 pups sired per year but only 9% of males mated Fights typically escalate to injury 1
2 Weapons usually not fatal Fighting is highly ritualized To escalate and fight or not?? There often is not always one optimum behavior in a population what works might depend on what others do. Why don t fights escalate to lethal fights? Hawk-like tactic vs. Dove-like tactic Fight and risk injury Display and don t escalate 2
3 Costs and benefits: Access to resource (V) if you win Fighting incurs costs (C) of injury Outcome of interactions: Hawk and Hawk: Dove and Hawk: Dove and Dove: If: V = 50, C= -100 Opponent Attacker Hawk Dove Hawk Dove 50 + (-100) = = 25 What if all are doves? What if all are hawks? 3
4 So in this scenario, you would expect some sort of mixture of hawks and doves. (A mixed ESS) You can calculate the exact mixture - When: Dove avg. payoff = Hawk avg. payoff Payoffs depend on proportion of hawks and doves Proportion of hawks = h Proportion of doves = (1-h) Hawk avg. payoff: H = -25h + 50(1-h) Dove avg. payoff: D = 0h + 25(1-h) -25h h = 25-25h 50h = 25 h= ½ 50% hawks, 50% doves is the mixed evolutionary stable strategy in this case only 4
5 Evolutionary stable strategy - (ESS) Tactic or combination of tactics (like 50/50 hawks/doves) that resists invasion by individuals using any of the known tactics. Note that an ESS does not have to be a mixed ESS. Assumptions of ESS approach: Reproduction occurs in proportion to fitness gained relative to V and C. (p.117) Random mixing of strategies in pop n Recall this : amount of escalation depends on the value (V) of the resource. V<C is generally seen in nature, but there are cases where V is very high or where low expected future RS p
6 Bully tactic if it meets a dove, acts like a hawk; if it meets a hawk, acts like a dove. If this invaded, new ESS would be 100% Bully Hawk Dove Bully Hawk Dove Bully Can mixed ESS occur in nature? Maintenance of different tactics within populations Ex: Natterjack toads Callers get 80% of matings overall Satellites gain 50% of females attracted by call Males have conditional strategy with 2 tactics Tactics here are flexible - tactic chosen depends on situation, male size Ex: Manipulations with broadcasted calls Predicting tactics 6
7 Mixed ESS or best of a bad job? Satellite males best of a bad job similar to scroungers in text example Best of a bad job Mixed ESS with frequency dependent selection p. 130 Strategy vs Tactic Strategy genetically based. Can be conditional with different tactics ex: conditional strategy ex: size sets the tactic Tactics specific behavior patterns that are part of a strategy, one usually better ex: call when big, satellite when small Alternative tactics But some tactics may be fixed for lifetime Bearded weevils some small males 10% normal size, sneak matings Male bedbugs traumatic insemination, small males alternative Is this mixed ESS or BOBJ? 7
8 Alternative tactics But some tactics may be fixed for lifetime Dung beetles: Morphological development and body size p. 134 Alternative strategies: mixed ESS Different genetic forms that are maintained in a population (more than 1 strategy in pop n) Payoffs would be about equal on average, like a mixed ESS Frequency dependent selection Alternative strategies with mixed ESS Ruffs - male dimorphism three strategies: - Red residents (~30% of males) 90% of copulations, poorer survival Black marginals (floaters, but future residents) (~50%) - White satellite (~20% of males) only 10% of copulations Satellites live longer, free for forage, find off-lek females - Female mimics (1%) p
9 Alternative strategies with mixed ESS Marine isopods 80% are α males that defend harems (20% of size=testes) 4% are β female mimics (50% testes) 15% are γ tiny males with 80% testes Study examining genetic RS found success was equal among types and varied w/# females, # morphs. Alternative strategies with mixed ESS Side-blotched lizard: 3 male strategies Orange high testosterone territory holders Yellow sneaker female mimics at territory edges Blue defend one female, can drive away yellow males but not orange Again, success of each strategy depends on frequency of others Animal personalities? Mixed ESS and best of a bad job show how different behavioral tactics can persist in populations. When are differences in behavior discrete tactics..can there simply be personality differences?...are they genetic? 9
10 Parus major personalities Exploratory behavior consistent and inheritable Two selection lines formed genetic basis How do these differences persist? Personalities and life history traits 10
11/14/2012. Darwin attributed sexual differences to sexual selection.
Darwin: Sexual size dimorphism is common. male elephant seals Many mammals males bigger than females female Sexual differences include differences in morphology, behavior and physiology. Morphology male
More informationdisadvantages of sexual reproduction Only 50% of your genome is in your offspring.
disadvantages of sexual reproduction... 1. Only 50% of your genome is in your offspring. 2. Your good traits (assume they are good because you have survived to the point of reproduction) are victimized
More informationHow To Win Even If You re A Loser. Hannah Mulhausen and Mary O Sullivan
How To Win Even If You re A Loser Hannah Mulhausen and Mary O Sullivan Let s Discuss!!! What are some tactics the losers use to get mates? MATES: A How-to Guide 1) Sneaking 2) Gangs 3) Lurking 4) Masturbation
More informationReproduction. Chapter 7
Reproduction Chapter 7 Sexual Selection Darwin's theory to explain traits that aren't obviously advantageous https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll30qttsz9u Bower Birds Bower Birds She builds the nest, cares
More informationEvolutionary Stable Strategy
Evolutionary Stable Strategy Application of Nash Equilibrium in Biology Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee and Shomen Mukherjee Every behaviourally responsive animal (including us) make decisions. These can be simple
More informationPSY 2364 Animal Communication. Pied Butcherbird. Why defend a territory? Why defend a territory? What determines territory size?
PSY 2364 Animal Communication Pied Butcherbird http://www.piedbutcherbird.net/5-songs.html http://www.piedbutcherbird.net/6-musicality.html Birdsong has inspired humans for centuries: is it music? Is Birdsong
More informationTerritorial Contests. Chapter 22: Territorial Signals. Games again. Territories. Ownership asymmetry
Territorial Contests Chapter 22: Territorial Signals Ownership asymmetry New twist: what significance? Previous models have only considered asymmetries in resource value and cost of conflict (fighting
More informationTerritoriality. Environmental factors and territory size in kites. Environmental factors and territory size in kites
Territoriality, Habitat Selection, and Aggression Territoriality When is it beneficial? 1. When limited resources are clumped and ephemeral? 2. When limited resources are uniformly distributed in time
More informationBird Mating Systems/Sexual Selection
Bird Mating Systems/Sexual Selection Why study mating systems? What are the ecological conditions under which different mating systems arise? Implications for evolution mating is where genes are passed
More informationSome observations. Some traits are difficult to view as adaptations, because they appear to provide a disadvantage to the organism
Some traits are difficult to view as adaptations, because they appear to provide a disadvantage to the organism Darwin asked: Can natural selection explain these differences? Structural traits: cumbersome
More informationChapter 3A: ESS in two easy lessons
Chapter 3 Chapter 3A: ESS in two easy lessons The purpose of this chapter is to review some classical examples of evolutionary game theory models for behavior and life-history traits, and give an indication
More informationBiology 352, Spring 2018 Exam Number KEY Second midterm exam Part 1 (short answer worth 21 % of grade)
Part 1 (short answer worth 21 % of grade) 1-1) Match the following terms used in behavioral ecology with the appropriate topics of behavioral study listed to the right (you may apply more than one topic
More informationTopic 17: Mating Systems. Reproduction. How are natural, fecundity & sexual selection different? Why does sexual dimorphism evolve?
Topic 17: Mating Systems Why does sexual dimorphism evolve? How are natural, fecundity and sexual selection different? What is fitness? How does each one work? Reproduction Mating Last lecture Development
More informationSexual selection and the evolution of sex differences
Sexual selection and the evolution of sex differences Males and females have the same genes. Why do the sexes often look and act so differently? Why is the male often insanely ornamented? (Or simply insane?)
More informationThe sight of a feather in a peacock s tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick. --Charles Darwin 1887
The sight of a feather in a peacock s tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick. --Charles Darwin 1887 1 Outline causes sexual selection vs. natural selection sexual selection during courtship male-male
More informationLecture K3- Behavioral Ecology Dr. Kopeny
4/17 Included on Test #4! Lecture K3- Behavioral Ecology Dr. Kopeny Mates, Families and Societies Male Prairie Chickens on Lek (Booming Ground) displaying male Prairie Chicken two male Prairie Chickens
More informationAdaptation and Optimality Theory
Adaptation and Optimality Theory Prisoner s Dilemma game: An optimality model What is the optimal strategy when you are playing with different people of unknown reputation? Defect: We call this the evolutionarily
More informationPinniped Social Systems
Pinniped Social Systems Animal Mating Systems Polygamy Polygyny (one male & many females) Polyandry (one female & many males) Monogamy One male & one female Does not rule out hanky panky Serial Monogamy
More informationThis question is taken directly from the list of second test study questions (#6) it should not be a surprise...
1. Female choice of males that have exaggerated characters has been explained by female choice of males that have better genes. Explain how female choice of higher quality males might lead to exaggerated
More informationESRM 350 Reproduction and Mating Systems
ESRM 350 Reproduction and Mating Systems Autumn 2013 Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more. - Macbeth, William Shakespeare Reproduction
More informationSex Differences in Fitness Variance and the Evolution of Mating Systems II
Sex Differences in Fitness Variance and the Evolution of Mating Systems II Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University Last Time, I mates = [1/(1 - p )][ (V harem ) / (H 2 )] + (p ) / (1 - p ) becomes
More informationFILM SESSIONS. Film session I - Behaviour of Communication (September 30)
FILM SESSIONS Film session I - Behaviour of Communication (September 30) 1. Talking to Strangers (60 min.) 1 This film surveys some of the general communication signals used by animals from diverse taxa,
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 We want to understand the reasons
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 We want to understand the reasons behind the lifestyles of our non-human primate relatives
More informationSperm Production and. Variance in Sperm Quality
Sperm Production and Variance in Sperm Quality by Jill Knudsen A thesis submitted to the Department of Biology in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Queen s University
More informationPolygyny in animals From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 1 of 6 Polygyny in animals From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Polygyny (/pəˈlɪdʒɪniː/; from Neo-Greek πολυγυνία from πολύ- poly- "many", and γυνή gyne "woman" or "wife") [1] is a mating system
More informationBiology 352, Spring 2017 Exam Number KEY Second midterm exam
Biology 352, Spring 2017 Exam Number KEY Exam Instructions: 1) Write your NAME here: 2) Write your exam number (given above, right) at the top of the other pages. 3) Look over the exam to verify that you
More informationCooperation and conflict: How insects interact with each other and their environment
Cooperation and conflict: How insects interact with each other and their environment Overview Five examples of cooperation and conflict in insects (and its consequences) Cooperation requires communication:
More informationRare ectotherm biparental care. Who cares? Determining optimal parental investment per offspring Trade offs:
Rare ectotherm biparental care Burying beetles, clownfish Parent beetles bury, defend, shave, roll, inoculate carcass Determining optimal parental investment per offspring Trade offs: offspring quantity
More informationFriday Lecture: HUM 15 Deep Time Radiometric Dating Google Map Exercise. Friday Lab: Faculty Lounge Animals in Cinema
Friday Lecture: HUM 15 Deep Time Radiometric Dating Google Map Exercise https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdk3it29uoq Friday Lab: Faculty Lounge Animals in Cinema (Tomorrow afternoon practice) - Natural
More informationModeling alternative mating tactics as dynamic games
4 Modeling alternative mating tactics as dynamic games JEFFREY R. LUCAS AND RICHARD D. HOWARD CHAPTER SUMMARY Alternative reproductive tactics may result from various causal mechanisms. This is relevant
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 12 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2009 We want to understand the reasons
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 12 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2009 We want to understand the reasons behind the lifestyles of our non-human primate relatives
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 As we have seen before, the bottom line
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 13 Mating: Primate females and males Copyright Bruce Owen 2008 As we have seen before, the bottom line in evolution is reproductive success reproductive success:
More information- These unique traits and behaviours are only seen in one sex
Coyne chapter 6 how sex drives evolution for lec 6 and 7 - Peacock with its blue tail violates every aspect of Darwin because the traits that make him beautiful is making him maladaptive for survival because
More informationELEVATED CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS DECREASE VOCAL ATTRACTIVENSS AND ELICIT NON-CALLING MATING TACTICS IN MALE GREEN TREE FROGS, HYLA CINEREA
ELEVATED CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS DECREASE VOCAL ATTRACTIVENSS AND ELICIT NON-CALLING MATING TACTICS IN MALE GREEN TREE FROGS, HYLA CINEREA by Hannah Ann Burroff A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University
More informationNovember 4, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 17 The evolution of mating systems. The evolution of sex ratio
November 4, 2009 Bioe 109 Fall 2009 Lecture 17 The evolution of mating systems The evolution of sex ratio - let us define sex ratio as the proportion of males to females. - in discussing the evolution
More informationSex, Love, and Anger: on the evolutionary emergence of emotionally motivated gaming strategies
Sex, Love, and Anger: on the evolutionary emergence of emotionally motivated gaming strategies Craig E Rasmussen CCS-1 MS/B287 Advanced Computing Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New
More informationMidterm, etc. Sex. 2 smart questions. Sex. What do looking time measures tell us about the minds of babies?
idterm, etc. Sex Top Score: 94 Top 10%: 89 and over Top 25%: 85 and over Average: 78.5 Bottom 25%: 72 and under Bottom 10%: 64 and under Correct answers posted online Contacting your TF Contacting me Final
More informationEvolution of contest and display: Hawks & Doves
Evolution of contest and display: Hawks & Doves Possible behaviors: Display/threaten Fight (risks injury) Retreat if opponent threatens Simple strategies: Hawk: fight until injured or opponent retreats
More informationNatural Selection Simulation: Predation and Coloration
Name Period Date Natural Selection Simulation: Predation and Coloration This simulation was invented by G. Ledyard Stebbins, a pioneer in the evolution of plants. The purpose of the game is to illustrate
More informationSexual selection. 1) Sexual dimorphism. 2) Variation in mating success. 3) Sexual selection. 4) Female choice based on male ornaments
Sexual selection 1) Sexual dimorphism 2) Variation in mating success 3) Sexual selection 4) Female choice based on male ornaments 5) The evolution of female preference 1) Sexual dimorphism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:descent_of_man_-_figure_16.jpg
More informationPeer review on manuscript "Multiple cues favor... female preference in..." by Peer 407
Peer review on manuscript "Multiple cues favor... female preference in..." by Peer 407 ADDED INFO ABOUT FEATURED PEER REVIEW This peer review is written by an anonymous Peer PEQ = 4.6 / 5 Peer reviewed
More informationReproduction in Insects. Courtship & Mating. What do they do once they find each other?
Courtship & Mating Reproduction in Insects How do the sexes find each other? Light Swarming (male only/ female only) Leks (male aggregations) Defend territory against males Court arriving females Pheromones
More informationAdaptation vs Exaptation. Examples of Exaptation. Behavior of the Day! Historical Hypotheses
Adaptation vs Exaptation 1. Definition 1: Adaptation = A trait, or integrated suite of traits, that increases the fitness (reproductive success) of its possessor. 2. However, traits can have current utility
More informationThe evolution of cooperative turn-taking in animal conflict
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The evolution of cooperative turn-taking in animal conflict Mathias Franz 1*, Daniel van der Post 1,2,3, Oliver Schülke 1 and Julia Ostner 1 Abstract Background: A fundamental
More informationAuthors Knowing something about the authors can illuminate the topic of the paper. Where does Robert Brooks work, and what does he usually research?
Dissecting a scientific paper about evolutionary biology II Now that you ve had a guided tour of one scientific paper, it s time to attack another one with a little less assistance. The sections below
More informationBeetle Battles Featured scientist: Erin McCullough from the University of Western Australia
Beetle Battles Featured scientist: Erin McCullough from the University of Western Australia Research Background: Male animals spend a lot of time and energy trying to attract females. In some species,
More informationSexual selection. Intrasexual selection mating success determined by within-sex interactions e.g., male-male combat
Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Is sexual selection different from natural selection? Darwin saw them as distinct - only sexual selection could produce traits that compromise survival The basic principle
More informationBio 312, Spring 2018 Exam 2 ( 1 ) Name: KEY
Bio 312, Spring 2018 Exam 2 ( 1 ) Name: KEY Please write the first letter of your last name in the box; 5 points will be deducted if your name is hard to read or the box does not contain the correct letter.
More informationEco-evolutionary processes in Caribbean reef fish (Hypoplectrus spp)
Eco-evolutionary processes in Caribbean reef fish (Hypoplectrus spp) Dissertation in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor rerum naturalium of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
More information12/3/2012. I. Benefits of mate choice. A. Direct benefits. Examples of Female Choice. Mechanisms of Sexual Selection. A.
Examples of Female Choice Mechanisms of Sexual Selection A. Mate competition B. Mate choice green frogs common terns mottled sculpins smooth newts elephant seals three-spined sticklebacks house finches
More informationMechanisms of Evolution
Mechanisms of Evolution Mutation Gene Flow (migration) Non-random mating Genetic Drift Natural Selection...individuals don t evolve, populations do 1. Mutation The ultimate source of genetic variation.
More information1. In your own words, define natural selection. Use the words species and variation in your answer.
Warm-Up 1. In your own words, define natural selection. Use the words species and variation in your answer. Natural Selection is 2. Do species change after many generations or during individual lifetimes?
More informationWednesday, September 12, 12. Whiptail Lizard
Whiptail Lizard Sexual Selection Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace Noticed that males of many species have highly elaborated traits that seem maladaptive (secondary sexual characters) Antlers
More informationSEX AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
Chapter 15 SEX AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS Genetic system refers to the way a species reproduces itself: sexually or asexually, self-fertilize or outcross, hermaphroditic or have separate sexes. THE EVOLUTION
More informationDarwin s Puzzle: Why are Males and Females Different? Darwin, C The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 1st ed., Murray, London.
Darwin s Puzzle: Why are Males and Females Different? Darwin, C. 1871. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. 1st ed., Murray, London. Parental Investment and Sexual Selection Trivers 1972
More informationLekking and the Lek Paradox
Lekking and the Lek Paradox Mating Systems 5. Lekking: One sex (usually males) provides only genes to their mate. No direct benefits are passed to the mate. 6. Cooperative: Some individuals forgo reproduction
More informationANIMAL REPRODUCTION. Possibilities: Asexual or Sexual. Fact: Most animals reproduce sexually. BUT a strange way to propagate!!!
ANIMAL REPRODUCTION Possibilities: Asexual or Sexual Fact: Most animals reproduce sexually. BUT a strange way to propagate!!! Necessities for Sexual Reproduction: * 2 versions of individual male version
More informationIntroduction to Gender. Biological male humans can not menstruate or gestate a fetus in his uterus.
Sexual Dimorphism The degree to which males and females of species differ Green spoon worms - Blanket octopus- Anglerfish- Elephant seal- Gorillas- Lions- Peacocks- Resplendent quetzal- Ring-necked dove-
More informationWhat is sex? What about asexual reproduction? What is sexual reproduction?
BIOL2007 EVOLUTION OF SEX AND SEXUAL SELECTION Kanchon Dasmahapatra EVOLUTIONARY QUESTIONS ABOUT SEX Today: A) The evolution of sex 1) What is the advantage of sex? B) Ev. of sexual dimorphism - sexual
More informationR. Haven Wiley The Evolution of Communication: Information and Manipulation (1983) SLANG - Seminar Amani Hussein
R. Haven Wiley The Evolution of Communication: Information and Manipulation (1983) SLANG - Seminar 03.07.2012 Amani Hussein 1. Adaptation for efficient communication 2. Communication as manipulation 3.
More informationMITOCW MIT9_20F13_lec18.mp3
MITOCW MIT9_20F13_lec18.mp3 The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free.
More informationStructures of Life. Investigation 3: Meet the Crayfish. 3 rd Science Notebook. Name:
3 rd Science Notebook Structures of Life Investigation 3: Meet the Crayfish Name: Big Question: How does a crayfish s adaptations affect their position on a food chain? 1 Alignment with New York State
More informationDistraction Sneakers Decrease the Expected Level of Aggression within Groups: A Game-Theoretic Model
vol. 164, no. 2 the american naturalist august 2004 E-Article Distraction Sneakers Decrease the Expected Level of Aggression within Groups: A Game-Theoretic Model Frédérique Dubois, 1,* Luc-Alain Giraldeau,
More informationTime allowed: 2 hours Answer ALL questions in Section A, ALL PARTS of the question in Section B and ONE question from Section C.
UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA School of Biological Sciences Main Series UG Examination 2014-2015 BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY BIO-5010B Time allowed: 2 hours Answer ALL questions in Section A, ALL PARTS of the question
More informationTest Bank. Chapter 2. Abrams, Sexuality and Its Disorders SAGE Publishing, 2017
Test Bank Chapter 2 1. Is the male female dichotomy an appropriate mode of defining gender? Why, or why not? Ans: The male female dichotomy is strongly embodied in most of cultures, religions, and even
More informationEutherian Mammals Hamadryas Baboon
ANIMAL 1 REPRODUCTION Eutherian Mammals Hamadryas Baboon Hamadryas Baboons form social hierarchies that involve the formation of troops, bands, clans and harems. A harem is the smallest unit and usually
More informationThird Grade Science DBQ Inheritance and Variation of Traits - Teacher s Guide
Third Grade Science DBQ Inheritance and Variation of Traits - Teacher s Guide A science document based question (DBQ) is an authentic assessment where students interact with science related texts. Much
More informationGoals: Be able to. Sexual Dimorphism
Goals: Be able to Connect sexual dimorphism and sexual selection. Use parental investment arguments to describe why sexual selection occurs. Explain why long male peacock tails are an indicator of good
More informationBio 1M: Evolutionary processes
Bio 1M: Evolutionary processes Evolution by natural selection Is something missing from the story I told last chapter? Heritable variation in traits Selection (i.e., differential reproductive success)
More informationEvolutionary Psychology (Psych 459) Midterm Exam Winter 2010
Evolutionary Psychology (Psych 459) Midterm Exam Winter 2010 A. Seminar papers Answer any 6 of the following 7 questions 1. Both Silverman et al 2007 and New et al 2007 tested a hypothesis about sex differences
More informationSexual Selection. Male and female. Lukas Schärer. Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute University of Basel
Sexual Selection Lukas Schärer! Evolutionary Biology Zoological Institute University of Basel 1 8.11.2017 Advanced-level Evolutionary Biology Male and female 2 Summary: Sexual Selection defining sexual
More informationThe evolution of colour polymorphism in the painted dragon, Ctenophorus pictus
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2008 The evolution of colour polymorphism in the painted dragon,
More informationAnti-predator behavior: Group defense - Many eyes - Selfish herd - Dilution effects - Tonic immobility. Dispersal:
Note: These are just the topics that have been covered since Exam 2. The exams are cumulative, so all the material that we have covered in this course can be included in the Final. However, there will
More informationEnSt/Bio 295 Exam II This test is worth 100 points; you have approximately 50 minutes. Allocate your time accordingly.
Name: 1 NAME: EnSt/Bio 295 Exam II This test is worth 100 points; you have approximately 50 minutes. Allocate your time accordingly. 1) Describe the following concepts in a few sentences (2 points each)
More informationSexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Introduction. Sexual selection Classification
Introduction 1 Introduction 2 Individuals rarely mate at random for a number of reasons: Dispersal may be limited Individuals may or may not be able to self Individuals may reproduce asexually Individuals
More informationEvolutionary Forces. What changes populations?
Evolutionary Forces What changes populations? 2007-2008 Forces of evolutionary change Natural selection traits that improve survival or reproduction will accumulate in the population adaptive change Genetic
More informationAño Nuevo. Karen Pihl
Año Nuevo Karen Pihl What to Bring. Bring warm clothes and rain gear. No umbrellas. Shoes for mud. Bring binoculars, cameras. You will need money to park ($5.00) and to cross the San Mateo Bridge ($3.00).
More information(A) Drive (B) Innate behavior (C) Learning, based on experience (D) A & B (E) None of the above
CLEP Biology - Problem Drill 24: Behavior No. 1 of 10 1. Habituation is a type of. (A) Drive (B) Innate behavior (C) Learning, based on experience (D) A & B (E) None of the above Having a certain drive
More informationExam 2 Answer Key. Name. Bio 368 Behavioral Ecology Dr. J. W. White Spring Total points: Multiple choice. Definitions. Short answer.
Name Bio 368 Behavioral Ecology Dr. J. W. White Spring 2014 Answer Key Total points: Multiple choice /30 Definitions /10 Short answer /20 Long answer /10 Subtotal /70 Curve Bonus /4 Total /70 % Part I
More informationAll discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection
All discussion of mating strategies and sex differences begins with Darwin s theory of Sexual Selection Intrasexual Natural Selection Sexual Selection Survival Mating Success Parental Care Intrasexual
More informationCyclic Dominance in the Spatial Coevolutionary Optional Prisoner s Dilemma Game
Cyclic Dominance in the Spatial Coevolutionary Optional Prisoner s Dilemma Game Marcos Cardinot, Josephine Griffith, and Colm O Riordan Information Technology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
More informationTypes of Mating Systems
The Human Mating System Note: this is the stereotypical EP view (e.g., Buss) Types of Mating Systems Random Monogamy Polygyny: variance in male reproductive success > variance in female reproductive success
More informationCost/benefit approach
Cost/benefit approach Care FEMALE Abandon MALE Care F: wp 2 WP 1 M: wp 2 WP 1 Abandon F: wp 1 WP 0 M: wp 1 (1+p M ) WP 0 (1+p M ) P 0,1,2 = probability eggs survive given 0, 1, or 2 parents W, w = eggs
More information2015 Elephant Seal Breeding Season Update March 6, 2015
215 Elephant Seal Breeding Season Update March 6, 215 As the 215 breeding season comes to a close, harems are decreasing as females trickle back into the ocean. Males are soon to follow and are hungry
More informationUnderstanding Evolution (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25)
1 Understanding Evolution (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25) Natural selection Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and
More informationAn Introduction to Behavioural Ecology
An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology J.R. Krebs FRS Royal Society Research Professor at the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology Department of Zoology University of Oxford and Fellow of Pembroke
More informationI. Ethology of Insects II. Patterns of Behavior III. Modifications IV. Operation V. Genetic Basis VI. Life History
Insect Behavior I. Ethology of Insects II. Patterns of Behavior III. Modifications IV. Operation V. Genetic Basis VI. Life History I. Ethology of Insects Ethology is the comparative study of behavior We
More informationUnderstanding PIDD. Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PIDD)
Understanding PIDD Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PIDD) Understanding PIDD Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PIDD) What is Primary Immunodeficiency? Primary Immunodeficiency (PIDD or PID) is a disease
More informationA user guide to FDS in the wild: the construction and diagnosis of payoff matrices i) Payoff matrix construction for natural populations
A user guide to FDS in the wild: the construction and diagnosis of payoff matrices Supplementary material for figure 2 is divided into: i) payoff matrix construction for natural populations, ii) tenary
More informationIntroduction, key concepts, examples. - Pioneer ideas: Darwin, Bateman, Trivers
Sexual selection Introduction, key concepts, examples. - Pioneer ideas: Darwin, Bateman, Trivers - Male-male competition: processes and intrasexually-selected traits - Mate choice: processes and intersexually-selected
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 15 Primate sociality: Predators and living in groups Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 Most haplorrine, and
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 15 Primate sociality: Predators and living in groups Copyright Bruce Owen 2010 Most haplorrine, and many strepsirrhine, primates are social: they live in
More informationSexual selection. Introduction, key concepts, examples.
Sexual selection Introduction, key concepts, examples. ENS Master 1 EBE UE Comportement, population, adaptation (E2) Octobre 2010 David Laloi (david.laloi@upmc.fr) 1 Darwin s hypothesis 1859 The origin
More informationNatural Selection. species: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring
Imagine that you and your classmates are taking a nature hike through a nearby desert ecosystem. The hot sun is beating down on you, and you begin to wonder how anything could live in this harsh climate.
More informationFrom so simple a beginning, endless forms so beautiful and wonderful have been and are being evolved
VariaTiOn: The KEY to Evolu4on SWBAT describe how natural selec4on acts on genes. From so simple a beginning, endless forms so beautiful and wonderful have been and are being evolved 1 Charles Darwin (the
More informationGames With Incomplete Information: Bayesian Nash Equilibrium
Games With Incomplete Information: Bayesian Nash Equilibrium Carlos Hurtado Department of Economics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign hrtdmrt2@illinois.edu June 29th, 2016 C. Hurtado (UIUC - Economics)
More informationUNIT 9. PARENTAL CARE AND MATING SYSTEMS
UNIT 9. PARENTAL CARE AND MATING SYSTEMS SOURCES (for powerpoint format: http://wfsc.tamu.edu/jpackard/behavior/wfsc622/powerpoints.zip) required: Chapter 9 in Krebs & Davies (1993:208-243) remedial: "Rearing
More informationIntroduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 17 Mating: Sexual selection Copyright Bruce Owen 2011 Sexual selection: selection that favors traits
Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Notes 17 Mating: Sexual selection Copyright Bruce Owen 2011 Sexual selection: selection that favors traits that increase male success in mating Sexual selection
More informationThe behavioral ecology of animal reproduction
The behavioral ecology of animal reproduction I. Introduction to Behavioral Ecology Behavioral ecologists test hypotheses about the adaptive function of a behavior Behavioral Ecology Behavioral ecologists
More informationDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Tingzhou Rd., Taipei 11677, Taiwan
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 207, 2, 54 529. With 6 figures. It takes two to tango: functional roles, sexual selection and allometry of multiple male weapons in the flower beetle Dicronocephalus
More information