Latest results from a large EU project that aims to confirm the origin of food LOST WITHOUT TRACE: Paul Brereton. Central Science Laboratory York, UK

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1 LOST WITHOUT TRACE: Latest results from a large EU project that aims to confirm the origin of food Paul Brereton Central Science Laboratory York, UK (and many others) trace.enquiries@trace.eu.org

2 Overview of TRACE To be discussed Food origin mapping Results of independent challenge

3 European Commission -DG Research M 60 months 50 participants (13 SME s) To develop traceability methods and systems that will provide consumers with added confidence in the authenticity of European food. Consumers Technology Transfer Fork Demonstration Farm Traceable data capable of verifying the origin of food Supply chain management systems + Analytical Tools

4 Analytical tools Food Origin Mapping (geo origin) ICP-MS, SIRMS, geochemistry, statistics Food verification methods NMR, Raman, M-IF, NIR, GC-MS, LC-MS, statistics Species origin methods, Real time PCR, microarray, microsatellite analysis

5 Integration of analytical parameters Traceability system will carry additional information including analytical data legislative, trade, business/marketing, consumer Parameter Spec. Result Ref to method As <10 µg/l <10 µg/l JAAS, 1995 E-coli etc Geo origin < X >?? TRACE

6 Novel approaches-food Origin Mapping Trace element composition and stable isotope signature is affected by: Geology e.g. δ 87 Sr, trace elements Agriculture e.g. δ 15 N, trace elements Production process e.g. δ 13 C, trace elements Environment e.g. Pb Climate δ 2 H, δ 18 O

7 Fractionation of stable isotopes of H Ratio of deuterium (nat abundance 0.015%) to hydrogen 2 H/ 1 H is affected by fractionation due to several factors such as: Environment global local micro Physiological processes

8 Climatic Factors affecting D/H ratio H 2 O HDO H 2 O HDO Decreasing HDO

9 Factors affecting D/H ratio - Latitude Increasing latitude from equator Depleted deuterium content in surface and groundwater

10 Interpolated δ 2 H of precipitation Produced by James Elhringer University of Utah

11 TRACE results -Food Maps Predictive Food Maps for 18 O and 2 H excess developed from data obtained from IRMS Development of geographical specifications Predicted from Food Maps Successfully applied to mineral water sector H 2 O Decreasing HDO HDO H 2 O HDO

12 Quantifying Geographical Origin Production of Specification Prediction Models Production of specifications Produced by Grishja van de Veer (U. Utrecht) & Susanne Voerkilius (Hydroisotop) Parameter GEO ORIGIN Spec. Result Ref to method As <10 µg/l <10 µg/l JAAS, O /00? TRACE 2 H excess ? TRACE

13 Assessment of climatic specifications-blind test Parameter δ 18 O δ 2 H-excess Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Sample 14 Sample 15 Sample 16 Sample 17 Sample 18 Sample 19 Sample 20 Climate Sample scheme prepared by the UK Food Standards Agency 12 samples not compliant, because one or two parameters are out of range Results which are non-compliant are highlighted in blue

14 Climatic and geological specifications Geology Parameter δ 18 O δ 2 H-excess Multivariate Analysis Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Sample 14 Sample 15 Sample 16 Sample 17 Sample 18 Sample 19 Sample 20 Climate 18 samples fail, because one or more parameters are out of range

15 Blind test revealed Climate Geology Result Brand Country δ 18 O δ 2 H-excess Multivariate Analysis Korpi Greece non-compliant AQUA BONA -SANTOSpain non-compliant AQUAFINA Spain non-compliant Himalayan India non-compliant AQUA INSALUS Spain compliant AQUA INSALUS Spain compliant Spanish tap water Spain non-compliant San Benedetto Italy non-compliant Sainbury's Caledonia Ireland non-compliant Spreequell Germany non-compliant Apollinaris Germany non-compliant M&S Glenpartick Ireland non-compliant English tap water UK non-compliant evian France non-compliant Vittel France non-compliant Vittel France non-compliant Apollinaris Germany non-compliant Korpi Greece non-compliant evian France non-compliant San Benedetto Italy non-compliant

16 Result of blind test 18 samples are non compliant with Insalus specification 2 samples are compliant The 2 samples were indeed Insalus water First demonstration that predictive food mapping is feasible. It is now being applied to honey, meat and cereal Acknowledgements to Malcolm Baxter (CSL) and Susanne Voerkilius (Hydroisotop)

17 Other key TRACE outputs - traceability Tracefood Platform ( Universal non proprietary language for traceability TraceCore XML Good Traceability Practice Guides

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19 4th Annual TRACE Conference April 23rd - 25th 2008 Torremolinos, Spain. April 23rd closed session. April 24th and 25th open conference. Welcome to Spain in 2008 More information about the conference will be put out Soon [Information on other traceability projects at wwweu-peter.org]

20 Acknowledgements to the consortium.: 10th Asean Food Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 23 August 2008