Effects of Product Format on Nicotine and TSNA Extraction from Snus Pouches

Transcription

1 Effects of Product Format on Nicotine and TSNA Extraction from Snus Pouches Nathan Gale, Graham Errington and Kevin McAdam Group Research & Development, British American Tobacco, Southampton, UK 67th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Williamsburg, VA, September

2 Introduction Background and Objective Methods - Approach for estimating exposure - Study design - Study protocol - Chemical & statistical analysis Results - Mass and percentage - Effects on extraction of nicotine, NNN and NNK - Comparison with literature Summary 2

3 Background and Objective Understanding Exposure Understanding quantity of constituents during snus use is an important step in estimating exposure - STPs, NNN and NNK identified as Group 1 carcinogens by IARC - Nicotine, NNN and NNK feature on FDA HPHC list A number of factors are likely to affect extraction - Product format, human use behaviours, constituents Our previous studies of pouched snus have concentrated on a single product - To allow evaluation of effects of human and constituent factors on extraction 3

4 Methods Approach for Estimating Exposure Constituent levels in used snus portions compared with levels in unused portions Amount and extent of extraction calculated: Amount Extracted = Quantity in Unused Snus Quantity in Used Snus % Extracted = (Amount Extracted / Quantity in Unused Snus)*100 4

5 Methods Study Design Study designed to assess effects of pouch mass (3 levels), moisture content (2 levels) and flavour (3 levels) on extraction - Balanced incomplete block design 18 test pieces manufactured specifically for this study - No effect of flavour level on nicotine, NNN or NNK extraction, therefore data for products with same pouch size and moisture content combined here Product Pouch mass (g ± tolerance) Moisture content (% ± tolerance) Product style ± ± 2 Brown ± ± 2 Brown ± ± 2 Brown ± ± 2 White ± ± 2 White ± ± 2 White 5

6 Methods Study Protocol Central Location study in Stockholm, Sweden 18 male snus users aged completed the study - Each volunteer provided informed consent and was reimbursed for time and travel Controlled intake before and during study - No food or tobacco product consumption 1 hour prior to attendance - No food or drink during session, other than option of water between samples - Snus pouch held in mouth by subjects for 60 minutes 1 Control (unused) pouches taken from same tin as test sample at same time Post-use, snus samples transported frozen in individual glass vials 1 Digard, H., Errington, G., Richter, A. and McAdam, K. Nicotine and Tobacco Research :

7 Methods Chemical and Statistical Analysis Validated multi-analyte extraction method 1 used to examine multiple constituents from same snus pouch - Each pouch in methanol and centrifuged - Aliquot analysed for nicotine by GC-MS - Second aliquot analysed for TSNAs by LC-MS/MS Extraction values calculated for each pair of pouches - General Linear Model used to assess effects of pouch mass and moisture content 1 Digard, H., Gale, N., Errington, G., Peters, N. and McAdam, K. Chemistry Central Journal :55 7

8 Results Mass Extracted pouch mass (g ± SD) moisture content nicotine (mg ± SD) NNN (ng ± SD) NNK (ng ± SD) 0.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 16.7 N = due to sample administration error and laboratory losses, except for moisture content where N=6 and determined on tobacco removed from pouches 8

9 Results Percentage Extracted pouch mass (g ± SD) moisture content nicotine NNN NNK 0.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 9 36 ± ± ± ± ± 9 33 ± ± ± ± 8 23 ± 8 24 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 7 22 ± 8 22 ± 7 Changes to pouch mass and moisture content appear to affect NNN and NNK extraction in the same way as they do nicotine extraction 9

10 Results Percentage Extracted pouch mass (g ± SD) moisture content nicotine NNN NNK 0.5 ± ± ± 15 a 40 ± 12 a 43 ± 12 a 1.0 ± ± ± 11 a 35 ± 9 b 36 ± 8 ab 1.5 ± ± ± 11 a 32 ± 9 b 33 ± 9 ab 0.5 ± ± ± 8 a 23 ± 8 b 24 ± 9 b 1.0 ± ± ± 13 a 26 ± 12 b 26 ± 13 b 1.3 ± ± ± 7 a 22 ± 8 b 22 ± 7 b Changes to pouch mass and moisture content appear to affect NNN and NNK extraction in the same way as they do nicotine extraction - One-way ANOVA shows NNN and NNK to a lesser extent than nicotine (p<0.05) for 45% moisture content pouches 10

11 Results Percentage Extracted pouch mass (g ± SD) moisture content nicotine NNN NNK 0.5 ± ± ± 15 a 40 ± 12 a 43 ± 12 a 1.0 ± ± ± 11 a 35 ± 9 b 36 ± 8 ab 1.5 ± ± ± 11 a 32 ± 9 b 33 ± 9 ab 0.5 ± ± ± 8 a 23 ± 8 b 24 ± 9 b 1.0 ± ± ± 13 a 26 ± 12 b 26 ± 13 b 1.3 ± ± ± 7 a 22 ± 8 b 22 ± 7 b Changes to pouch mass and moisture content appear to affect NNN and NNK extraction in the same way as they do nicotine extraction - One-way ANOVA shows NNN and NNK to a lesser extent than nicotine (p<0.05) for 45% moisture content pouches 11

12 Results Effects on Extraction of Nicotine Increase in pouch mass = increase in mass of nicotine and a decrease in percentage nicotine Increase in moisture content = increase in mass of nicotine and an increase in percentage nicotine 12

13 Results Effects on Extraction of NNN and NNK 13

14 Results Comparison with literature Lunell & Lunell 1 reported extraction of nicotine from four different pouched snus products Mass / Moisture / Style Nicotine Extraction (%) This BAT study Lunell & Lunell 0.5g / 52% / Brown 45 ± 15 (n=50) 44 (n=12) 1.0g / 52% / Brown 40 ± 11 (n=54) 31 (n=12) 1.5g / 52% / Brown 37 ± 11 (n=54) - 0.5g / 45% / White 31 ± 8 (n=52) 22 (n=12) [0.3g, 25%] 1.0g / 45% / White 33 ± 13 (n=53) 22 (n=12) 1.3g / 45% / White 27 ± 7 (n=54) - Supported by the findings of the current study - Decrease in moisture content results in lower percentage extraction - Increase in pouch mass leads to lower percentage extraction 1 Lunell, E. and Lunell, M. Nicotine and Tobacco Research :

15 Summary Extraction of nicotine, NNN and NNK from pouched snus is incomplete (<50% of unused pouch content) Both pouch mass and moisture content measurably influence extraction of nicotine, NNN and NNK from snus during use - Increase in pouch mass results in decreased extraction efficiency but in increased total exposure - Increase in moisture content results in increased extraction efficiency and total exposure 15

16 Acknowledgements GfK Sverige AB Fieldwork Research Support Services staff at GR&D, British American Tobacco - Tim John Wheeler Product manufacturing - Nicola Peters Method development and sample analysis - Donna Byrom Method development and sample analysis - Paul Blachford Sample analysis - Margaret Spence Sample analysis - Cheryl Johns Sample analysis - Maria Carradus Sample analysis 16