Evaluation of the Potential for Second-hand Exposure to E-cigarette Aerosol in an Office Environment

Transcription

1 Evaluation of the Potential for Second-hand Exposure to E-cigarette Aerosol in an Office Environment Edward A. Robinson, Robert D. Leverette, and Manoj Misra Lorillard Tobacco Company 68 th TSRC Charlottesville, VA September 30, 2014

2 Outline of Talk Background Literature review Objective Experimental Design Products Protocol Results Indoor air Ad lib usage Conclusions 1

3 Perspective on the Literature Reports of analytes in e-liquid TSNAs (Goniewicz 2013) Carbonyls Reports of analytes in e-cigarette aerosol TSNAs (Lauterbach 2012) Carbonyls (Goniewicz 2013) Reports of analytes in indoor air From human vaping? Formaldehyde from human vaping (Schripp 2012) no background? PAHs from human vaping (Schober 2013) PM 2.5 from human vaping (Schober 2013) Several more based on machine vaping into a room 2

4 Disposable E-cigarette Sources are exhaled and potential mouthspill Battery Liquid reservoir Filament 3

5 Project Overview Objectives Compare environmental vapor constituents from blu e-cigarette(s) with Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents from a Marlboro Gold conventional cigarette Chemicals emitted from scented candles in an environmentallycontrolled room Standard methods for indoor air analyses. Comprehensive analysis of abbreviated list of Harmful and Potentially Harmfully Constituents in Smoke (HPHCs) Collect data on ad libitum usage of the e-cigarettes 4

6 Products E-cigarettes Two market leading flavors CT = 2.4% nicotine blu Classic Tobacco MM = 2.4% nicotine blu Magnificent Menthol Conventional Cigarette CC = Marlboro Gold Scented Candle SC = Vanilla scented candle Petry et al. (2014) acetaldehyde and formaldehyde from scented candles 5

7 IRB Approved sampling protocol 2 hr 6 subjects Ad lib CT x 3 reps MM x 3 reps * 6 subjects Ad lib CC x 3 reps 6 subjects 4 cigarettes 1 SC 2 SC Light 1 candle Light 2 candles 2 hr 6 subjects Ad lib 6 subjects Ad lib 6 subjects 4 cigarettes 2 hr 6 subjects Ad lib 6 subjects Ad lib 6 subjects 4 cigarettes 2 hr 6 subjects Ad lib 6 subjects Ad lib 6 subjects 4 cigarettes Protocol designed to ensure detection of nicotine E-cigarette nicotine yield to be similar to CC Candle follows package directions Extinguish 1; Light 1 candle Extinguish 2; Light 2 candles * Only 3 sessions on one MM day due to inclement weather 6

8 Real-world Sample chamber with office level air exchange 40 m exchanges/hr No carpeting Central table with tripod holding sampling equipment 7

9 Comprehensive Characterization of Indoor Air for Abbreviated List of HPHCs Study Highlights Sampling and analyses by accredited contractors Multiple background measurements Vacant room Occupied room no smoking/ vaping 33 HPHC compounds All 18 abbreviated list HPHCs in smoke EPA, NIOSH, OSHA Methods Custom validated methods for PAAs and TSNAs (Williamson et al.) < 100 ppb detection limit for all HPHC compounds Particle size and count Ad lib usage Puffs counts Mass delivered 8

10 1,3-Butadiene 1-aminonaphthalene 2-aminonaphthalene 4-aminobiphenyl Acetaldehyde Acetone Acrolein Acrylonitrile Ammonia Benz (a) anthracene Benzene Benzo (a) pyrene Benzo (b) fluoranthene Carbon Monoxide Chrysene Cresols Crotonaldehyde HPHCs Analyzed Dibenz (a,h) anthracene Ethylbenzene Formaldehyde Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene Isoprene Methyl Ethyl Ketone Naphthalene Nicotine NNK NNN Phenol Propionaldehyde Styrene Toluene Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Chloride Abbreviated list of HPHCs 9

11 Conventional Cigarette Values Consistent with Literature 18 HPHC Compounds Higher Than Background Values consistent with those reported in scientific literature Give confidence in validity of method choice and experimental design TSNAs detected and quantified PAAs detected and quantified from ETS 2 previous reports in scientific literature 10

12 18 HPHCs Detected from Conventional Cigarette Above Background 1,3-Butadiene 1-aminonaphthalene 2-aminonaphthalene 4-aminobiphenyl Acetaldehyde Acetone Ammonia Benzene Carbon Monoxide Abbreviated List of HPHCs Values consistent with literature Ethylbenzene Formaldehyde Isoprene Methyl Ethyl Ketone Nicotine NNK Styrene Toluene Vinyl Acetate 11

13 Only Nicotine Detected Above Background for E-cigarettes Only one HPHC Compound Higher Than Background No carbonyls Nicotine detected higher than background 3-5x lower than conventional cig for commercial disposable despite 3x more puffs Glycerin (not an HPHC) was also detected 12

14 No Carbonyls From E-Cigarettes Acetaldehyde Formaldehyde g/ m g/ m Vac Occ CT MM CC 1SC 2SC Vac Occ CT CT MM CC 1SC 2SC CC values consistent with literature 13

15 Nicotine and Glycerin As Expected g/ m Nicotine Vac Occ CT MM CC 1SC 2SC g/ m Glycerin *Only 3 sessions on one MM day due to inclement weather Vac Occ CT MM CC 1SC 2SC 2SC Low levels of nicotine from e-cigarettes. Several weeks of exposure to reach nicotine exposure from active smoking of 1CC 14

16 Particle Size Distributions for Aged, Exhaled Smoke and Vapor Show Similarities Calculated PM 2.5 < 5mg/m 3 for all products Exhaled and Aged Sampled using TSI AeroTrak 9306-V2 particle counter Particle size distribution for e-cig shifted to larger size relative to conventional cigarette Total particulate count for e-cig similar to conventional cigarette in spite of 3X more puffs for e-cig Composition of particles is expected to be quite different from conventional cigarettes (Tayarrah et al.) 41%- HPHC and combustion products for conventional MSS < % HPHC for e-cigarette 15

17 Broad Indices of E-cigarette Usage Collected Usage data were also collected Puff count Mass of e-liquid consumed Assess naturalistic usage Compare flavors Demographics Age years 50% female 138 replicates 16

18 Calculated Nicotine Delivery, mg Nicotine Delivery similar to One Conventional Cigarette 3 Nicotine delivered Nicotine puffs delivered CT MM CC ,5 2 1,5 1 E-cig 0, Puffs 2-hr nicotine delivery similar to one Marlboro Gold under Health Canada conditions 17

19 Puff Counts and Mass Do Not Differ by Flavor Mass Consumed (mg) CT MM Puff Count CT MM No statistical difference In puff count or mass between flavors 18

20 Summary / Conclusions HPHCs Under these real-world office conditions, vaping of e-cigarettes did not produce measureable environmental levels of any the tested HPHC compounds other than nicotine E-cigarette nicotine was 3-5x lower despite 3x more puffs when compared to CC per 8-hr sampling day Particles Total particulate count for e-cigarette was similar to conventional cigarette in spite of 3X more puffs for the e-cigarette From an environmental perspective, CC particles are generated from both SS and exhaled MSS whereas e-cig particles are from exhaled aerosol only E-cigarette particles are not expected to contain the same chemical constituents as tobacco smoke Usage No apparent influence of flavor on usage 19

21 Acknowledgments Sample Preparation Alan Burrows Mark Sackfield Data Analysis Dr. Dennis Ergle 20

22 21

23 22