Immunosuppression by -Opioid Antagonist Naltrindole: - and Triple / / -Opioid Receptor Knockout Mice Reveal a Nonopioid Activity
|
|
- Barnaby Wade
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 /01/ $3.00 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Vol. 298, No. 3 Copyright 2001 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 3923/ JPET 298: , 2001 Printed in U.S.A. Immunosuppression by -Opioid Antagonist Naltrindole: - and Triple / / -Opioid Receptor Knockout Mice Reveal a Nonopioid Activity CLAIRE GAVÉRIAUX-RUFF, DOMINIQUE FILLIOL, FRÉDÉRIC SIMONIN, HANS W. D. MATTHES, and BRIGITTE L. KIEFFER CNRS UPR 9050, ESBS, Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France Received March 5, 2001; accepted May 31, 2001 This paper is available online at This work was funded by the Center National de la Recherché Scientifique, Association pour la Recherché sur le Cancer, The Foundation UPSA pour la Douleur. ABSTRACT The -opioid antagonist naltrindole has been shown to inhibit graft rejection in vivo and suppress allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro, similarly to cyclosporin A. We investigated whether this action is mediated by -opioid receptors using both genetic and pharmacological tools. Naltrindole and two related compounds, 7-benzylidene-7-dehydronaltrexone and naltriben, inhibited MLR performed with lymphocytes from wild-type and -opioid receptor knockout mice, with comparable potency. Furthermore, these compounds suppressed the proliferation of spleen cells from triple / / -opioid receptor-deficient animals as well. Finally, the highly -selective, but structurally distinct, antagonist N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH and the general opioid antagonist naltrexone were inactive in the MLR assay. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that the immunosuppressive activity of naltrindole and close derivatives is not mediated by any of the three cloned opioid receptors. Therefore, the postulated inhibitory activity of naltrindole in the graft rejection process is mediated by a target, which remains to be discovered. Morphine and related opiate agonists are first line medication for moderate-to-severe pain (Mather and Smith, 1999). Opiate compounds also exhibit many other pharmacological activities (Vaccarino and Kastin, 2000), including the alteration of immune responses and there is evidence that the endogenous opioid system plays an important role in regulating immunity (Eisenstein and Hilburger, 1998). Opiate drugs and endogenous opioid peptides elicit their biological actions through three highly homologous G protein-coupled receptors, -, -, and (for review, see Kieffer, 1997), which are differently implicated in opioid function. Highly interesting was the observation that the prototypic -opioid antagonist naltrindole (Portoghese et al., 1988) reduces graft rejection in vivo and inhibits allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in vitro (Arakawa et al., 1993). In the latter assay, naltrindole showed a potency comparable to that of cyclosporin A, considered to be the most efficient immunosuppressant in the graft rejection process and used clinically for more than two decades (Bush, 1999). This striking finding brought naltrindole as a potential immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation and prompted further characterization of this activity. Because the existence of two -receptor subtypes ( 1 and 2) had been suggested by the pharmacology (Zaki et al., 1996), another study used naltrindole ( 1 and 2), 7-benzylidene-7-dehydronaltrexone HCl (BNTX, 1; Portoghese et al., 1992), and naltriben methanesulfonate (naltriben, 2; Sofuoglu et al., 1991). The results indicated that naltrindole and BNTX, but not naltriben, suppress several immune responses in vitro (House et al., 1995). In similar experiments, peptidic -antagonists proved little active (House et al., 1997). Another BNTX-related 1- opioid receptor antagonist, 7-benzylspiroindanylnaltrexone, also prolonged renal allograft survival in the rat (Linner et al., 1998). Together, the data suggest that selective blockade of -receptors, mainly of the 1 subtype, by nonpeptidic opioid compounds could inhibit the graft rejection process. The purpose of this study was to clarify the molecular basis for naltrindole immunosuppressive activity in the MLR reaction, considered to be a well accepted in vitro model of T-lymphocyte response to allogeneic transplantation. In this assay, we have used novel genetic and pharmacological tools. We first have determined whether mice lacking the -opioid receptor (DOR) gene (Filliol et al., 2000), as well as mice lacking all three opioid receptor genes that we have generated (Kieffer, 1999; Simonin et al., 2001), respond to naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben in the allogeneic MLR reaction. ABBREVIATIONS: MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction; BNTX, 7-benzylidene-7-dehydronaltrexone; DOR, -opioid receptor; MOR, -opioid receptor; KOR, -opioid receptor; IL-2, interleukin
2 1194 Gavériaux-Ruff et al. We also have examined the activity of a novel -selective antagonist, N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH, which displays a -selectivity far greater than naltrindole (Bryant et al., 1998; Lazarus et al., 1998). Finally, we have investigated the effect of naltrexone, a general opioid antagonist. Together, our results demonstrate that the immunosuppressive activity of naltrindole in the MLR reaction is not mediated by opioid receptors. Materials and Methods Knockout Mice. DOR-deficient mice (129 C57BL/6 genetic background) were constructed by homologous recombination as described in Filliol et al. (2000). Triple mutant (MOR)/ (DOR)/ (KOR)-deficient mice were generated by interbreeding of single MOR (Matthes et al., 1996), DOR (Filliol et al., 2000), and KOR (Simonin et al., 1998) knockout mice (Simonin et al., 2001). Animals were maintained under standard housing conditions in a 12-h dark/light cycle with free access to food and water. Animal care was in accordance with ethical guidelines (National Institutes of Health, 1995; Council of Europe, 1996) and approved by a local ethical committee. Seven- to 13-week-old sex-matched animals were used in the experiments. Concanavalin A-Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation. Splenocytes from five mice of each genotype were distributed into flatbottom microtiter plates ( cells/well) and stimulated with Concanavalin A (2 g/ml; Sigma, St. Quentin Fallavier, France) for T-lymphocyte stimulation (Gavériaux-Ruff et al., 1998). Mitogen concentration was adjusted to provide maximal T-cell proliferation. Triplicate cultures in supplemented synthetic culture medium (Ultraculture; Biowhittaker, Verviers, Belgium) were pulsed with 0.5 Ci of [ 3 H]methyl-thymidine (PerkinElmer Life Science, Paris, France) after 48-h incubation at 37 C and harvested 16 h later. Incorporation of [ 3 H]methyl-thymidine was determined by filtration on a cell harvester (Inotech, Dottikon, Switzerland) and counting using a Packard beta counter (Rungis, France). MLR. We used a one-way MLR assay. Responders, i.e., splenocytes (10 5 cells) from wild-type, DOR knockout, and triple knockout mice were cultured with allogeneic stimulators ( mitomycin- C-treated BALB/c total spleen cells) for 5 days in flat bottom 96-well plates in 200 l of RPMI 1640 culture medium (supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, glutamine, and antibiotics, all from Life Technologies, Cergy Pontoise, France), in the absence or presence of a range naltrindole, BNTX, naltriben (Tocris, Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France), naltrexone (Sigma/RBI, Natick MA) or N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH concentrations. N,N-Dimethyl-Dmt-Tic- OH was a kind gift from Lawrence H. Lazarus (Peptide Neurochemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC). Cyclosporin A was from Sigma. IL-2 was obtained as a culture supernatant of a stable X63 transfectant (IG- BMC, Illkirch, France). Proliferation was assessed by [ 3 H]methylthymidine incorporation in the last 18 h of culture as described above. Measurement of IL-2 Production in MLR. A range of naltrindole and cyclosporin A concentrations ( M and nm, respectively) was added in the MLR at day 0 as described above. Cultures were harvested 24 h later, supernatants collected, and stored at 80 C until quantification of IL-2 by a standard enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique. Anti-mouse IL-2 (clone JE6-1A12) and biotinylated anti-mouse IL-2 (clone JES6-5H4) antibodies used for coating and detection were purchased from Immunotech (Coulter-Beckman, Roissy, France). Standard recombinant mouse IL-2 was from Calbiochem (Merck Eurolab, Strasbourg, France). Extravidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate was from Sigma. Independent experiments on individual mice were performed in triplicate. Statistical Analysis. Statistical analysis of results was performed with the unpaired Student s t test (Statview, Berkeley, CA). Results -Receptor Is Not Necessary for Naltrindole, BNTX, and Naltriben Immunosuppression in MLR. Because the expression of -receptors has been shown regulated on T lymphocytes following activation in vitro (Miller, 1996; Sharp et al., 1997), we first verified whether T-lymphocyte proliferation in the MLR assay could be affected by the absence of -receptors in the DOR mutant mice. We prepared splenocytes from wild-type and DOR-deficient mice and obtained similar numbers of cells from both genotypes ( cells/spleen in wild-type mice, cells/spleen in DOR knockout mice, P 0.1). We first compared proliferative responses of splenocytes in response to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A. Cells from both mouse strains exhibited the same proliferation, as measured by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation (142,374 10,109 cpm for wildtype mice, 133,792 25,964 cpm for DOR knockout mice, P 0.77; data not shown). Furthermore, we exposed splenocytes from wild-type and mutant mice to allogeneic stimulator BALB/c cells (see Materials and Methods) in the MLR assay. Again, splenocytes from both genotypes displayed similar [ 3 H]thymidine uptake (Fig. 1). Together, these data indicate that the absence of -opioid receptors does not alter T-lymphocyte response in the MLR. We then tested the activity of naltrindole, which prolongs rat survival following kidney transplantation and suppresses lymphocyte proliferation in a MLR assay using rat splenocytes (Arakawa et al., 1993). We also tested the closely re- Fig. 1. Lymphocyte proliferation in the MLR assay using splenocytes from wild-type and DOR knockout mice. Splenocytes from wild-type and DOR-knockout mice were incubated in the absence (nonstimulated) or presence (stimulated) of allogenic BALB/c stimulator cells for 5 days and proliferation measured by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation. Results are means S.E.M. of 10 independent experiments in triplicate. There was no significant different between responses from wild-type and DORdeficient mice (all P 0.05).
3 A Nonopioid Activity for Naltrindole in Suppression of MLR 1195 Fig. 3. Effects of several -selective opioid antagonists on MLR using splenocytes from wild-type and DOR knockout mice. Naltrindole, BNTX, naltriben, and N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH were added in the MLR coculture at day 0 and proliferation measured after 5 days. Proliferation of cells from wild-type (f) and DOR knockout ( ) mice are shown and values are mean S.E.M. of four independent experiments in triplicate (four mice for each genotype). There was no significant difference between responses in wild-type and mutant mouse splenocytes. lated compounds BNTX and naltriben (Fig. 2). BNTX has been described as an immunosuppressive drug using in vitro B-cell and T-cell proliferation, as well as Natural Killer cell activity assays in mice (House et al., 1995). When splenocytes from wild-type mice were incubated with allogeneic cells, the three compounds inhibited T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 3). IC 50 values were comparable across compounds and were in the micromolar range (naltrindole, 5 M; BNTX, 7 M; naltriben, 10 M), consistent with previous observations (Arakawa et al., 1993; House et al., 1995). This demonstrates that the immunosuppressive activity of naltrindole, reported earlier in a rat MLR assay, is also observed in mouse and shows that the mouse model is appropriate in our study. It also shows that the two other nonpeptidic -antagonists naltriben and BNTX exhibit a similar activity in this model of allogeneic stimulation in vitro, extending evidence for an immunosuppressive activity of these two compounds. Most interestingly, naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben also exhibited inhibitory activity on spleen cells from DOR-deficient mice, which was comparable to that of wild-type splenocytes (Fig. 3). This demonstrates that -receptors are not required and that naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben compounds inhibit lymphocyte proliferation through another mechanism. Inhibitory Activity of Naltrindole, Naltriben, and BNTX Is Not Mediated by -, -, or -Opioid Receptors. Although the three antagonists are considered among the best -selective compounds, the high concentrations that were needed to achieve half-maximal inhibition of T-cell proliferation suggest that the compounds may act via - or -opioid receptors, which could be present on lymphocytes (Sharp et al., 1998). Selective opioid compounds indeed have been shown to cross-react over several opioid receptors under some experimental conditions, and the issue of pharmacological selectivity is often a matter of debate (Kieffer, 1999). As an example, naltrindole has been suggested to exhibit -receptor-mediated antinociceptive activity (Takemori et al., 1992). We therefore tested whether any opioid receptor is involved in the inhibition of MLR. To this aim, we examined the activity of naltrindole on splenocytes from wild-type and triple MOR/DOR/KOR knockout mice. As in the previous experiment, naltrindole inhibited the MLR in a dose-dependent manner (IC 50 of 10 M) in wild-type splenocytes (Fig. 4). Strikingly, a comparable suppression of T-cell proliferation was observed using splenocytes from the triple knockout mutant (Fig. 4). This demonstrates that naltrindole-induced immunosuppression in the MLR assay is not mediated by any of the known -, -, and -opioid receptors. The Highly -Selective Antagonist N,N-dimethyl- Dmt-Tic-OH and the Nonselective Opioid Naltrexone Are Inactive in MLR Assay. We sought to further confirm our results using pharmacological agents. We first tested the postulated implication of -receptors using a -antagonist that exhibits -selectivity higher than naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben. A novel family of modified Tyr-Tic dipeptides, consisting of a 2,6 -dimethyl N-terminal L-Tyrosine residue (Dmt) and a C-terminal 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Tic) amino acid was recently described (for re- Fig. 2. Structure of opioid antagonists used in the study. Naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben are structurally related selective -opioids. Naltrexone is a nonselective opioid and N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH is the most selective -compound. Fig. 4. Effects of naltrindole and naltrexone on MLR using splenocytes from wild-type and MOR/DOR/KOR triple knockout mice. Naltrindole and naltrexone were added in the MLR assay at day 0 and proliferation measured after 5 days. Proliferation of cells from wild-type (f) and triple MOR/DOR/KOR knockout (E) mice are shown and values are mean S.E.M. four independent experiments in triplicate (four mice for each genotype). There was no significant difference between responses in wild-type and mutant mouse splenocytes.
4 1196 Gavériaux-Ruff et al. Fig. 5. Reversal of naltrindole- and cyclosporin A-induced inhibition of MLR by IL-2. A representative experiment using spleen cells from a wild-type mouse is shown. Values represent incorporated [ 3 H]thymidine. Each column shows the mean S.E.M. of triplicate wells. IL-2 added alone in the MLR assay at 2 and 8 ng/ml produced a high [ 3 H]thymidine uptake of 102,867 and 138,300 cpm, respectively (NTI, naltrindole; CsA; cyclosporin A; UnS, unstimulated; S, stimulated). TABLE 1 Effect of naltrindole and cyclosporin A on IL-2 production in mixed lymphocyte reaction Mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed in the absence or presence of naltrindole or cyclosporin A and IL-2 was measured in cell supernatant after 24 h of culture using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique as described under Materials and Methods. Data are means S.E.M. of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Naltrindole Cyclosporin A IL-2 M nm pg/ml view, see Bryant et al., 1998). These peptides exhibit antagonist activity, with an unusual high selectivity toward the -receptor. Among the numerous derivatives that have been synthesized and tested, the N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH peptide (Fig. 2) shows a 20,000-fold selectivity for - versus -opioid receptor (Salvadori et al., 1997), while naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben are in the 100- to 1000-fold range only (Raynor et al., 1994). This compound exhibits structural features that differ from naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben. N,N- Dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH was assayed in MLR at concentrations ranging from 3 nm to 30 M in both wild-type and DOR-deficient mice. It showed no inhibitory activity in any of the two splenocyte preparations (Fig. 3). This result shows that selective blockade of -receptors with a compound structurally distinct from the previously used antagonists has no influence on allogeneic T-cell proliferation. In correlation to our findings on triple opioid receptor mutant mice, we also tested whether pharmacological blockade of all three opioid receptor subtypes using the nonselective antagonist naltrexone would impair the MLR. We tested the compound on splenocytes from wild-type and the triple knockout mutant mice and found no change in T-cell proliferation in response to allogeneic cells exposure, at concentrations up to 100 M (Fig. 4). The other commonly used general opioid antagonist naloxone was also inactive in this assay (data not shown). Together, these data show that both the highly -selective antagonist N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH and the general opioid antagonists have no measurable immunosuppressive activity in the MLR assay, under conditions where naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben do. This suggests that the three related compounds naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben act via a specific and nonopioid mechanism. Naltrindole Inhibits MLR by an IL-2-Dependent Pathway. To further probe the mechanism of naltrindole immunosuppression in the MLR, we tested whether naltrindole activity is due to a specific immune-mediated mechanism rather than a general cytotoxic effect. Cyclosporin A is the prototypic graft rejection suppressor and potently inhibits the MLR in vitro. Cyclosporin A is known to suppress T-cell proliferation in the MLR by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis and release, which follows exposure to allogeneic cells (Bunjes et al., 1981). Therefore, cyclosporin A-induced suppression of MLR can be reversed by the addition of IL-2 in the assay. We tested whether IL-2 could also reverse naltrindoleinduced inhibition of T-cell proliferation in the MLR assay. Results are shown in Fig. 5. In the absence of IL-2, both naltrindole and cyclosporin A decreased lymphocyte proliferation. Cyclosporin A abolished cell proliferation at 0.2 M concentration, as previously reported (Arakawa et al., 1993). Naltrindole dose dependently inhibited lymphocyte response at 10, 30, and 100 M concentrations, as in our previous experiments (Figs. 3 and 4). Cyclosporin A-induced inhibition was reversed by IL-2 at a concentration of 2 ng/ml, as expected. Under those conditions, IL-2 also partially reversed naltrindole-induced inhibition of MLR. Finally, we tested whether naltrindole inhibits IL-2 production. We measured IL-2 in the supernatant of MLR cultures performed in the absence or presence of naltrindole or cyclosporin A as a positive control. As expected, cyclosporin A suppressed IL-2 production with an IC 50 of nm (Table 1). Naltrindole also decreased IL-2 production at concentrations similar to those inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation (IC 50 of M; Table 1). Together, these data indicate that naltrindole inhibits lymphocyte proliferation in the MLR, partially at least, via an IL-2-dependent mechanism. Discussion Opiate antagonists have been developed in the past as pharmacological tools, to selectively block the action of opioid agonists at -, -, and -opioid receptors and clarify the role of each receptor in opioid physiology. They also are used clinically to reverse heroin overdose. Interestingly, opioid antagonists have been shown to exhibit pharmacological properties per se, indicating that blockade of endogenous opioid activity could influence the physiology and be of medical interest. As an example, the general opioid antagonists
5 A Nonopioid Activity for Naltrindole in Suppression of MLR 1197 naloxone and naltrexone have proved efficient in reducing cocaine euphoria, as well as alcohol dependence and relapse in humans (for review, see van Ree et al., 1999). In this context, selective -antagonists may also be promising compounds in the treatment of addiction to opiates, as well as nonopioid drugs of abuse (Dondio et al., 1997). Another aspect of the activity of -antagonist compounds, which has been investigated for many years, is immunosuppression. The finding of a potent inhibitory activity of naltrindole in allograft rejection is particularly intriguing, and this activity is also found in the in vitro MLR assay, which reflects allogeneic T-cell response in vivo. The purpose of our study was to clarify the mechanism of naltrindole action in this assay, and our data demonstrate that the suppressive activity of naltrindole is nonopioid in nature. Our conclusion is based on two lines of evidence. We show that 1) the immunosuppressive activity of naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben is maintained in mice lacking either -receptors, or all three -, -, and -receptors; and that 2) a highly -selective antagonist (N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH), as well as a general opioid antagonist (naltrexone) show no biological activity in this assay. Our study demonstrates for the first time a nonopioid activity for the prototypic -antagonist naltrindole and its close derivatives BNTX and naltriben. The suppression of MLR by -opioid antagonists clearly appears dependent on the chemical nature of the compounds. This activity has been described previously for naltrindole (Arakawa et al., 1993) and confirmed here. In this study we have also observed similar activity for the two closely related compounds BNTX and naltriben. Earlier reports have indicated immunosuppressive activity for BNTX using several other in vitro assays of immune function (House et al., 1995). In these assays, naltriben was little active and peptidic-type opioid antagonists, such as TIPP (Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-OH) and ICI174864, were almost ineffective (House et al., 1997). In our MLR assay, the pseudodipeptide N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic- OH showed no inhibitory activity. Therefore, together with previous reports, our data suggest that a common determinant in the chemical structures of naltrindole, BNTX, and naltriben does confer an immunosuppressive activity that 1) is specific to those compounds, 2) is absent in peptidic-type antagonists, and 3) is not mediated by opioid receptors. The mechanism for the nonopioid immunosuppressive activity of naltrindole in the MLR remains to be determined. We suggest that structural determinants of the indole moiety of naltrindole, of the corresponding benzofuran group in naltriben, and of the benzylidene substituent in BNTX (Fig. 2), which are absent in naltrexone, could be critical in allogeneic MLR suppression. The N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH compound would not contain this nonopioid pharmacological determinant and thus be inefficient in the MLR. Our finding that naltrindole inhibits IL-2 production suggests that a specific interaction of naltrindole, and its close derivatives, with an unknown target impairs allogeneic-evoked IL-2 production in T lymphocytes. Naltrindole may act by other mechanisms as well, such as the modulation of other cytokine production, apoptosis, or cell cycling. Further investigations should clarify the molecular basis for this nonopioid activity of the prototypic -antagonist naltrindole. Finally, this nonopioid immunosuppressive activity is not detected for the general opioid antagonists naloxone and naltrexone in our assay. These compounds have been studied previously for their action on graft rejection in vivo and results have appeared variable. Naltrexone has been reported to increase grafted cardiac tissue survival and inhibit MLR in vitro (Li et al., 1998), whereas naloxone decreased skin graft survival (Sacerdote et al., 1998). Together with our data, this suggests that general opioid antagonists may influence allogeneic reactions in vivo by opioid mechanisms, but that this is not necessarily detectable in the MLR assay in vitro. In fact, one cannot exclude that opioid and nonopioid mechanisms do contribute to naltrindole-suppressive activity after organ transplantation in vivo. The activation of -receptors has been reported to enhance or inhibit immune cell functions (Shahabi and Sharp, 1995; House et al., 1996; Kowalski, 1998) and it is likely that, in vivo, naltrindole could inhibit graft rejection both by blocking an endogenous -receptor tone and via the nonopioid mechanism reported here. Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge Lawrence H. Lazarus and Severo Salvadori for N,N-dimethyl-Dmt-Tic-OH compound. We thank A. Matifas for technical assistance, and J. F. Poirier and N. Schallon for animal care. References Arakawa K, Akami T, Okamoto M, Akioka K, Nakai I, Oka T and Nagase H (1993) Immunosuppression by delta opioid receptor antagonist. Transplant Proc 25: Bryant SD, Salvadori S, Cooper PS and Lazarus LH (1998) New -opioid antagonists as pharmacological probes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 19: Bunjes D, Hardt C, Rollinghoff M and Wagner H (1981) Cyclosporin A mediates immunosuppression of primary cytotoxic T cell responses by impairing the release of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2. Eur J Immunol 11:657. Bush WW (1999) Overview of transplantation immunology and the pharmacotherapy of adult solid organ transplant recipients: focus on immunosuppression. AACN Clin Issues 10: Dondio G, Ronzoni S and Petrillo P (1997) Non-peptide delta opioid agonists and antagonists. Expert Opinions on Therapeutic Patents 7: Eisenstein TK and Hilburger ME (1998) Opioid modulation of immune responses: effects on phagocyte and lymphoid cell populations. J Neuroimmunol 83: Filliol D, Ghozland S, Chluba J, Martin M, Matthes H, Simonin F, Befort K, Gavériaux-Ruff C, Dierich A, LeMeur M, et al. (2000) - and -opioid receptordeficient mice exhibit opposing alterations of emotional responses. Nat Genet 25: Gavériaux-Ruff G, Matthes HWD, Peluso J and Kieffer BL (1998) Abolition of morphine-immunosuppression in mice lacking the -opioid receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: House RV, Thomas PT and Bhargava HN (1996) A comparative study of immunomodulation produced by in vitro exposure to delta opioid receptor agonist peptides. Peptides 17: House RV, Thomas PT, Kozak JT and Bhargava HN (1995) Suppression of immune function by non-peptidic delta opioid receptor antagonists. Neurosci Lett 198: House RV, Thomas PT and Bhargava HN (1997) In vitro exposure to peptidic delta opioid receptor antagonists results in limited immunosuppression. Neuropeptides 31: Kieffer BL (1997) Molecular aspects of opioid receptors, in The Pharmacology of Pain (Dickenson A and Besson JM eds) vol 130, pp , Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Kieffer BL (1999) Opioids: first lessons from knock-out mice. Trends Pharmacol Sci 20: Kowalski J (1998) Immunomodulatory action of class -, - and -opioid receptor agonists in mice. Neuropeptides 32: Lazarus LH, Bryant SD, Cooper PS, Guerrini R, Balboni G and Salvadori S (1998) Design of -opioid peptide antagonists for emerging drug applications. Drug Discov Today 3: Li YF, Wang JX, Shao L, Ding GF, Ottaviani E, Stefano GB, Bilfinger TV and Fan SG (1998) Naltrexone suppresses the rejection of cardiac tissue transplantation. Int J Cardiol 64 (Suppl 1):S23 S27. Linner KM, Stickney BJ, Quist HE, Sharp BM and Portoghese PS (1998) The d1-opioid receptor antagonist, 7-benzylspiroindanylnaltrexone, prolongs renal allograft survival in a rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 354:R3 R5. Mather LE and Smith MT (1999) Clinical Pharmacology and adverse effects, in Opioids in Pain Control: Basic and Clinical Aspects (Stein C ed) pp , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Matthes HWD, Maldonado R, Simonin F, Valverde O, Slowe S, Kitchen I, Befort K, Dierich A, LeMeur M, Dollé P, et al. (1996) Loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the -opioid receptor gene. Nature (Lond) 383: Miller B (1996) Delta opioid receptor expression is induced by concanavalin A in CD4 T-cells. J Immunol 157:
6 1198 Gavériaux-Ruff et al. Portoghese PS, Sultana M and Takemori AE (1988) Naltrindole, a highly selective and potent non-peptide opioid receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 146: Portoghese PS, Sultana M, Nagase H and Takemori AE (1992) A highly selective 1 opioid receptor antagonist: 7-benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX). Eur J Pharmacol 218: Raynor K, Kong H, Chen Y, Yasuda K, Yu L, Bell GI and Reisine T (1994) Pharmacological characterization of the cloned -, -, and -opioid receptors. Mol Pharmacol 45: Sacerdote P, di San Secondo VE, Sirchia G, Manfredi B and Panerai AE (1998) Endogenous opioids modulate allograft rejection time in mice: possible relation with Th1/Th2 cytokines. Clin Exp Immunol 113: Salvadori S, Balboni G, Guerrini R, Tomatis R, Bianchi C, Bryant SD, Cooper PS and Lazarus LH (1997) Evolution of the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore: N-terminal methylated derivates with extraordinary opioid antagonist activity. J Med Chem 40: Shahabi NA and Sharp BM (1995) Antiproliferative effects of opioids on highly purified CD4 and CD8 murine T cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 273: Sharp BM, Roy S and Bidlack JM (1998) Evidence for opioid receptors on cells involved in host defense and the immune system. J Neuroimmunol 83: Sharp BM, Shahabi N, McKean D, Li MD and McAllen K (1997) Detection of basal levels and induction of delta opioid receptor mrna in murine splenocytes. J Neuroimmunol 78: Simonin F, Slowe S, Becker JAJ, Matthes HWD, Filliol D, Chluba J, Kitchen I and Kieffer BL (2001) Analysis of [3H] bremazocine binding in single and combinatorial opioid receptor knock-out mice. Eur J Pharmacol 414: Simonin F, Valverde O, Smadja S, Slowe S, Kitchen I, Dierich A, Le Meur M, Roques BP, Maldonado R and Kieffer BL (1998) Disruption of the -opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective -agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal. Eur J Mol Biol Organ (EMBO) J 17: Sofuoglu M, Portoghese PS and Takemori AE (1991) Differential antagonism of delta opioid agonists by naltrindole and its benzofuran analog (NTB) in mice: evidence for delta opioid receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 257: Takemori AE, Sultana M, Nagase H and Portoghese PS (1992) Agonist and antagonist activities of ligands from naltrexone and oxymorphone. Life Sci 50: Vaccarino AL and Kastin AJ (2000) Endogenous opiates (1999) Peptides 21: van Ree JM, Gerrits MAFM and Vanderschuren LJMJ (1999) Opioids, reward and addiction: an encounter of biology, psychology and medicine. Pharmacol Rev 51: Zaki PA, Bilsky EJ, Vanderah TW, Lai J, Evans CJ and Porreca F (1996) Opioid receptor types and subtypes: the receptor as a model. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 36: Address correspondence to: Claire Gavériaux-Ruff, CNRS UPR 9050, ESBS, Bld S. Brandt, Illkirch, France. gaveriau@esbs.u-strasbg.fr
Brief Communication. The Journal of Neuroscience, March 23, (12):
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 23, 2005 25(12):3229 3233 3229 Brief Communication In Vivo Activation of a Mutant -Opioid Receptor by Naltrexone Produces a Potent Analgesic Effect But No Tolerance:
More informationSelectivity of Delta and Kappa Opioid Ligands Depends on the Route of Central. Administration in Mice. Mary M. Lunzer and Philip S.
JPET Fast This article Forward. has not been Published copyedited on and March formatted. 30, The 2007 final version as DOI:10.1124/jpet.107.120279 may differ from this version. Title Page Selectivity
More informationInverse Agonism and Neutral Antagonism at Wild-Type and Constitutively Active Mutant Delta Opioid Receptors
0022-3565/05/3131-410 421 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Vol. 313, No. 1 U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright 77321/1195209 JPET 313:410 421, 2005 Printed in
More informationSupplemental Figure Legends
Supplemental Figure Legends Supplemental Figure 1. SemaB / mice have normal immune cell populations. Cells were prepared from the spleens of WT and SemaB / mice, stained with various antibodies and then
More informationAnalgesia is a labeled indication for all of the approved drugs I will be discussing.
Comparative Opioid Pharmacology Disclosure Analgesia is a labeled indication for all of the approved drugs I will be discussing. I ve consulted with Glaxo (remifentanil), Abbott (remifentanil), Janssen
More informationChapter 7 Conclusions
VII-1 Chapter 7 Conclusions VII-2 The development of cell-based therapies ranging from well-established practices such as bone marrow transplant to next-generation strategies such as adoptive T-cell therapy
More informationMATERIALS AND METHODS. Neutralizing antibodies specific to mouse Dll1, Dll4, J1 and J2 were prepared as described. 1,2 All
MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibodies (Abs), flow cytometry analysis and cell lines Neutralizing antibodies specific to mouse Dll1, Dll4, J1 and J2 were prepared as described. 1,2 All other antibodies used
More informationEffects of a Novel Fentanyl Derivative on Drug Discrimination and Learning in Rhesus Monkeys
PII S0091-3057(99)00058-1 Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 367 371, 1999 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0091-3057/99/$ see front matter Effects
More informationBioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based studies of receptor dynamics in living cells with Berthold s Mithras
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based studies of receptor dynamics in living cells with Berthold s Mithras Tarik Issad, Ralf Jockers and Stefano Marullo 1 Because they play a pivotal role
More informationFOCiS. Lecture outline. The immunological equilibrium: balancing lymphocyte activation and control. Immunological tolerance and immune regulation -- 1
1 Immunological tolerance and immune regulation -- 1 Abul K. Abbas UCSF FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Principles of immune regulation Self-tolerance; mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance Inhibitory
More informationTITLE: MODULATION OF T CELL TOLERANCE IN A MURINE MODEL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA
AD Award Number: DAMD17-01-1-0085 TITLE: MODULATION OF T CELL TOLERANCE IN A MURINE MODEL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: ARTHUR A HURWITZ, Ph.d. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION:
More informationOpioid Peptides and Receptors
Opioid Peptides and Receptors 235 Opioid Peptides and Receptors B L Kieffer, IGBMC,CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France ã 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The Opioid System: A Short History Discovery
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information lpek et al. 1.173/pnas.1121217 SI Materials and Methods Mice. cell knockout, inos / (Taconic arms), Rag1 /, INγR /, and IL-12p4 / mice (The Jackson Laboratory) were maintained and/or
More informationDr. Yi-chi M. Kong August 8, 2001 Benjamini. Ch. 19, Pgs Page 1 of 10 TRANSPLANTATION
Benjamini. Ch. 19, Pgs 379-399 Page 1 of 10 TRANSPLANTATION I. KINDS OF GRAFTS II. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DONOR AND RECIPIENT Benjamini. Ch. 19, Pgs 379-399 Page 2 of 10 II.GRAFT REJECTION IS IMMUNOLOGIC
More informationConstitutive activity ofthe d-opioid receptor expressed in C6 glioma cells: identi cation of non-peptide d-inverse agonists
British Journal of Pharmacology (1999) 128, 556 ± 562 ã 1999 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0007 ± 1188/99 $15.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/bjp Constitutive activity ofthe d-opioid receptor expressed
More informationBlockade of o-opioid Receptors Prevents Morphine-Induced Place Preference in Mice
Blockade of o-opioid Receptors Prevents Morphine-Induced Place Preference in Mice Tsutomu Suzuki', Michiharu Yoshiike', Hirokazu Mizoguchi', Junzo Kamei', Miwa Misawa' and Hiroshi Nagase2 'Department of
More informationDeterminants of Immunogenicity and Tolerance. Abul K. Abbas, MD Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco
Determinants of Immunogenicity and Tolerance Abul K. Abbas, MD Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco EIP Symposium Feb 2016 Why do some people respond to therapeutic proteins?
More informationReceptor Sites and Drug Design
Receptor Sites and Drug Design Case Study: piates use for Anesthesia & analgesia 1 PAI 2 The functional groups and their placement in three-dimensional space determines to a large degree a molecule s biological
More informationPotential for delta opioid receptor agonists as analgesics in chronic pain therapy
Potential for delta opioid receptor agonists as analgesics in chronic pain therapy David Kendall & Bengt von Mentzer; PharmNovo AB/UK Alex Conibear & Eamonn Kelly, University of Bristol Junaid Asghar,
More informationData Sheet TIGIT / NFAT Reporter - Jurkat Cell Line Catalog #60538
Data Sheet TIGIT / NFAT Reporter - Jurkat Cell Line Catalog #60538 Background: TIGIT is a co-inhibitory receptor that is highly expressed in Natural Killer (NK) cells, activated CD4+, CD8+ and regulatory
More informationOST. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Leo O. Lanoie, MD, MPH, FCFP, CCSAM, ABAM, MRO
OST Pharmacology & Therapeutics Leo O. Lanoie, MD, MPH, FCFP, CCSAM, ABAM, MRO Disclaimer In the past two years I have received no payment for services from any agency other than government or academic.
More informationBasis and Clinical Applications of Interferon
Interferon Therapy Basis and Clinical Applications of Interferon JMAJ 47(1): 7 12, 2004 Jiro IMANISHI Professor, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Abstract: Interferon (IFN) is an antiviral substance
More informationSEVENTH EDITION CHAPTER
Judy Owen Jenni Punt Sharon Stranford Kuby Immunology SEVENTH EDITION CHAPTER 16 Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation Copyright 2013 by W. H. Freeman and Company Immune tolerance: history * Some
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Complete but curtailed T-cell response to very-low-affinity antigen Dietmar Zehn, Sarah Y. Lee & Michael J. Bevan Supp. Fig. 1: TCR chain usage among endogenous K b /Ova reactive T cells. C57BL/6 mice
More informationOptimizing Suboxone in Opioid Addicts
Optimizing Suboxone in Opioid Addicts David Chim, D.O. Integrated Substance Abuse Programs Dept. of Psychiatry, UCLA K30 Translational Research Interest March 24, 2009 dchim@mednet.ucla.edu www.uclaisap.org
More informationL-selectin Is Essential for Delivery of Activated CD8 + T Cells to Virus-Infected Organs for Protective Immunity
Cell Reports Supplemental Information L-selectin Is Essential for Delivery of Activated CD8 + T Cells to Virus-Infected Organs for Protective Immunity Rebar N. Mohammed, H. Angharad Watson, Miriam Vigar,
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Valkenburg et al. 10.1073/pnas.1403684111 SI Materials and Methods ELISA and Microneutralization. Sera were treated with Receptor Destroying Enzyme II (RDE II, Accurate) before ELISA
More informationCase Study: Opiates use for Anesthesia & analgesia
rganic Lecture Series Receptor Sites and Drug Design Case Study: piates use for Anesthesia & analgesia 52 rganic Lecture Series PAI 53 Drug interactions at the cellular level rganic Lecture Series The
More informationASH 2011 aktualijos: MSC TPŠL gydyme. Mindaugas Stoškus VULSK HOTC MRMS
ASH 2011 aktualijos: MSC TPŠL gydyme Mindaugas Stoškus VULSK HOTC MRMS #3042. Yukiyasu Ozawa et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cells As a Treatment for Steroid-Resistant Acute Graft Versus Host Disease (agvhd);
More informationTumors arise from accumulated genetic mutations. Tumor Immunology (Cancer)
Tumor Immunology (Cancer) Tumors arise from accumulated genetic mutations Robert Beatty MCB150 Mutations Usually have >6 mutations in both activation/growth factors and tumor suppressor genes. Types of
More informationB-1 Cells Differ from Conventional B (B-2) Cells: Difference in Proliferation
B B-1 B-2 B-1 Cells Differ from Conventional B (B-2) Cells: Difference in Proliferation Seung Geun Yeo 1, Joong Saeng Cho 1, Dong Choon Park 2 and Thomas L Rothstein 3 1 Department of Otolaryngology, College
More informationSupplementary Figure Legends. group) and analyzed for Siglec-G expression utilizing a monoclonal antibody to Siglec-G (clone SH2.1).
Supplementary Figure Legends Supplemental Figure : Naïve T cells express Siglec-G. Splenocytes were isolated from WT B or Siglec-G -/- animals that have not been transplanted (n= per group) and analyzed
More informationDYNORPHIN-(1-13) SUPPRESSES HEROIN WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS IN 6 ADDICTS
DYNORPHIN-(1-13) SUPPRESSES HEROIN WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS IN 6 ADDICTS H.L. WEN (Neurosurgical Unit, Kwong Wah Hospital, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Kowloon, Hong Kong) P. Y. C. WEN (79 Hurlingham Court,
More informationT-helper 1 and 2 serum cytokine assay in chronic opioid addicts
21 Eur. Cytokine Netw., Vol. 18 n 4, December 7, 21-4 T-helper 1 and 2 serum cytokine assay in chronic opioid addicts Atosa Azarang 1, Majid Mahmoodi 1,2, Said Rajabalian 1, Majid Asadi Shekari 1, Jafar
More informationDetailed step-by-step operating procedures for NK cell and CTL degranulation assays
Supplemental methods Detailed step-by-step operating procedures for NK cell and CTL degranulation assays Materials PBMC isolated from patients, relatives and healthy donors as control K562 cells (ATCC,
More informationCharles P. O Brien, MD, PhD University of Pennsylvania No financial conflicts, patents, speakers bureaus
Pain & Opioid Epidemic 2018 Charles P. O Brien, MD, PhD University of Pennsylvania No financial conflicts, patents, speakers bureaus Opioids 3400 BC Mesopotamia, Joy plant 1843 morphine by syringe 1874
More informationNon-opioidergic mechanism mediating morphine-induced. antianalgesia in the mouse spinal cord. Hsiang-En Wu, Jonathan Thompson, Han-Sen Sun,
JPET This Fast article Forward. has not been Published copyedited on and formatted. March 3, The 2004 final version as DOI:10.1124/jpet.104.065334 may differ from this version. JPET #65334 Non-opioidergic
More informationW/T Itgam -/- F4/80 CD115. F4/80 hi CD115 + F4/80 + CD115 +
F4/8 % in the peritoneal lavage 6 4 2 p=.15 n.s p=.76 CD115 F4/8 hi CD115 + F4/8 + CD115 + F4/8 hi CD115 + F4/8 + CD115 + MHCII MHCII Supplementary Figure S1. CD11b deficiency affects the cellular responses
More informationSwitching Agonist/Antagonist Properties of Opiate Alkaloids at the d Opioid
JBC Papers in Press. Published on April 20, 2000 as Manuscript M002864200 Switching Agonist/Antagonist Properties of Opiate Alkaloids at the d Opioid Receptor Using Mutations Based on the Structure of
More informationTHE OPIUM POPPY OPIOID PHARMACOLOGY 2/18/16. PCTH 300/305 Andrew Horne, PhD MEDC 309. Papaver somniferum. Poppy Seeds Opiates
OPIOID PHARMACOLOGY PCTH 300/305 Andrew Horne, PhD andrew.horne@ubc.ca MEDC 309 THE OPIUM POPPY Papaver somniferum Sleep-bringing poppy Poppy Seeds Opiates Opium Poppy Straw 1 OPIATES VS. OPIOIDS Opiates:
More informationTransplantation. Immunology Unit College of Medicine King Saud University
Transplantation Immunology Unit College of Medicine King Saud University Objectives To understand the diversity among human leukocyte antigens (HLA) or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) To know the
More information3/26/14. Opiates PSY B396 ALCOHOL, ALCOHOLISM, & DRUG ABUSE. Early History Cont d. Early History. Opiate Use in the 19th century. Technology Advances
Opiates PSY B396 ALCOHOL, ALCOHOLISM, & DRUG ABUSE Chapter 10 Opiates The most dramatic example of the doubleedged sword character of drugs Most potent painkillers Prototype addictive drug: Heroin Early
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Fig. 1. Surface thiol groups and reduction of activated T cells. (a) Activated CD8 + T-cells have high expression levels of free thiol groups on cell surface proteins.
More informationEx vivo Human Antigen-specific T Cell Proliferation and Degranulation Willemijn Hobo 1, Wieger Norde 1 and Harry Dolstra 2*
Ex vivo Human Antigen-specific T Cell Proliferation and Degranulation Willemijn Hobo 1, Wieger Norde 1 and Harry Dolstra 2* 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature11429 S1a 6 7 8 9 Nlrc4 allele S1b Nlrc4 +/+ Nlrc4 +/F Nlrc4 F/F 9 Targeting construct 422 bp 273 bp FRT-neo-gb-PGK-FRT 3x.STOP S1c Nlrc4 +/+ Nlrc4 F/F casp1
More informationrenoprotection therapy goals 208, 209
Subject Index Aldosterone, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 induction 163, 164, 168 Aminopeptidases angiotensin II processing 64 66, 214 diabetic expression 214, 215 Angiotensin I intrarenal compartmentalization
More information6/6/2018. Nalbuphine: Analgesic with a Niche. Mellar P Davis MD FCCP FAAHPM. Summary of Advantages. Summary of Advantages
Nalbuphine: Analgesic with a Niche Mellar P Davis MD FCCP FAAHPM 1 Summary of Advantages Safe in renal failure- fecal excretion Analgesia equal to morphine with fewer side effects Reduced constipation
More informationBCR-ABL uncouples canonical JAK2-STAT5 signaling in chronic myeloid
Supplementary Results BCR-ABL uncouples canonical JAK2-STAT5 signaling in chronic myeloid leukemia Oliver Hantschel*, Wolfgang Warsch*, Eva Eckelhart*, Ines Kaupe, Florian Grebien, Kay-Uwe Wagner, Giulio
More informationUltra-low-dose naltrexone suppresses rewarding effects of opiates and aversive effects of opiate withdrawal in rats
Psychopharmacology (2005) 181: 576 581 DOI 10.1007/s00213-005-0022-7 ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Mary C. Olmstead. Lindsay H. Burns Ultra-low-dose naltrexone suppresses rewarding effects of opiates and aversive
More informationEur. Cytokine Netw., Vol. 18 n 4, December 2007, T-helper 1 and 2 serum cytokine assay in chronic opioid addicts
Eur. Cytokine Netw., Vol. 18 n 4, December 7, 33-7 33 T-helper 1 and 2 serum cytokine assay in chronic opioid addicts Atosa Azarang 1, Majid Mahmoodi 1,2, Said Rajabalian 1, Majid Asadi Shekari 1, Jafar
More informationLeon F. Tseng* Keywords: Endomorphin-1, Endomorphin-2, Antinociception, -Opioid receptor, Descending pain control system
Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 89, 216 220 (2002) FORUM MINIREVIEW Recent Advances in the Search for the -Opioidergic System The Antinociceptive Properties of Endomorphin-1 and Endomorphin-2 in the Mouse Leon F. Tseng*
More informationPAIN & ANALGESIA. often accompanied by clinical depression. fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, etc. COX 1, COX 2, and COX 3 (a variant of COX 1)
Pain - subjective experience associated with detection of tissue damage ( nociception ) acute - serves as a warning chronic - nociception gone bad often accompanied by clinical depression fibromyalgia,
More informationEffector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells
ICI Basic Immunology course Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells Abul K. Abbas, MD UCSF Stages in the development of T cell responses: induction
More informationHHS Public Access Author manuscript Neuropharmacology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 December 01.
Characterization of kappa opioid receptor mediated, dynorphinstimulated [ 35 S]GTPγS binding in mouse striatum for the evaluation of selective KOR ligands in an endogenous setting Lei Zhou 1, Edward L.
More informationInteraction of Co-Expressed - and -Opioid Receptors in Transfected Rat Pituitary GH 3 Cells
0026-895X/01/5904-774 783$3.00 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Vol. 59, No. 4 Copyright 2001 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 421/891514 Mol Pharmacol 59:774 783, 2001 Printed
More informationMedical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University
Medical Virology Immunology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human blood cells Phases of immune responses Microbe Naïve
More informationOncolytic Immunotherapy: A Local and Systemic Antitumor Approach
Oncolytic Immunotherapy: A Local and Systemic Antitumor Approach Oncolytic immunotherapy Oncolytic immunotherapy the use of a genetically modified virus to attack tumors and induce a systemic immune response
More informationModulating STAT Signaling to Promote Engraftment of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant
Modulating STAT Signaling to Promote Engraftment of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant Jacopo Mariotti, M.D. Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano Verona; May 22, 2009 Non-myeloablative
More informationNeuroimmune mechanisms of opioid antinociception in early inflammation involvement of adhesion molecules
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Aus der Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin Geschäftsführender Direktor Prof. Dr. med. C. Stein Neuroimmune mechanisms
More informationTHÈSE présentée par :
UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG École Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964 THÈSE présentée par : Pauline CHARBOGNE soutenue le : 9 juillet 2015 pour obtenir le
More informationHarnessing tolerance mechanisms with monoclonal antibodies Prof. Herman Waldmann
Harnessing tolerance mechanisms Herman Waldmann Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, UK 1 1. Transplantation 2 Lymphocyte depletion strategies to minimise drug immunosuppression in
More informationCell isolation. Spleen and lymph nodes (axillary, inguinal) were removed from mice
Supplementary Methods: Cell isolation. Spleen and lymph nodes (axillary, inguinal) were removed from mice and gently meshed in DMEM containing 10% FBS to prepare for single cell suspensions. CD4 + CD25
More informationNepetalactone: A New Opioid Analgesic from Nepeta caesarea Boiss.
J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1998, 50: 813-817 Received January 28, 1998 Accepted March 4, 1998 Nepetalactone: A New Opioid Analgesic from Nepeta caesarea Boiss. 0 1998 J. Pharm. Pharmacol. SULEYMAN AYDIN, RANA
More informationImpact of Recombinant DNA Technology and Molecular Modeling on the Practice of Medicinal Chemistry: Structure-Activity Analysis of Opioid Ligands 1
Feature Impact of Recombinant DNA Technology and Molecular Modeling on the Practice of Medicinal Chemistry: Structure-Activity Analysis of Opioid Ligands 1 Philip S. Portoghese Department of Medicinal
More informationGOALS AND OBJECTIVES
SUBOXONE AND VIVITROL: ARE THERE DISPARITIES SURFACING IN MEDICATION ASSISTED TREATMENTS? P R E S E N T E D B Y D R. K I AM E M AH A N I A H & D R. M Y E C H I A M I N T E R - J O R D AN GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
More informationAbuse Potential of Morphine/ Dextromethorphan Combinations
S26 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Vol. 19 No. 1(Suppl.) January 2000 Proceedings Supplement NMDA-Receptor Antagonists: Evolving Role in Analgesia Abuse Potential of Morphine/ Dextromethorphan
More informationA Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (Met) Insulin Receptor hybrid governs hepatic glucose metabolism SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES, LEGENDS AND METHODS
A Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (Met) Insulin Receptor hybrid governs hepatic glucose metabolism Arlee Fafalios, Jihong Ma, Xinping Tan, John Stoops, Jianhua Luo, Marie C. DeFrances and Reza Zarnegar
More informationCitation Acta medica Nagasakiensia. 1991, 36
NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Ac Title Author(s) Induction of Killer Activity in Per Chemotherapy with Methotrexate, Vin (M-VAC) Taniguchi, Keisuke Citation Acta medica Nagasakiensia. 1991, 36 Issue Date
More informationBlocking antibodies and peptides. Rat anti-mouse PD-1 (29F.1A12, rat IgG2a, k), PD-
Supplementary Methods Blocking antibodies and peptides. Rat anti-mouse PD-1 (29F.1A12, rat IgG2a, k), PD- L1 (10F.9G2, rat IgG2b, k), and PD-L2 (3.2, mouse IgG1) have been described (24). Anti-CTLA-4 (clone
More informationD. Nishizawa 1, N. Gajya 2 and K. Ikeda 1, * Global Research & Development, Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Japan Inc, Nagoya, Japan
Current Neuropharmacology, 2011, 9, 113-117 113 Identification of Selective Agonists and Antagonists to G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels: Candidate Medicines for Drug Dependence
More informationThe autoimmune disease-associated PTPN22 variant promotes calpain-mediated Lyp/Pep
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The autoimmune disease-associated PTPN22 variant promotes calpain-mediated Lyp/Pep degradation associated with lymphocyte and dendritic cell hyperresponsiveness Jinyi Zhang, Naima
More informationLYMPHOCYTES & IMMUNOGLOBULINS. Dr Mere Kende, Lecturer SMHS
LYMPHOCYTES & IMMUNOGLOBULINS Dr Mere Kende, Lecturer SMHS Immunity Immune- protection against dangers of non-self/invader eg organism 3 components of immune system 1 st line: skin/mucosa/cilia/hair/saliva/fatty
More informationCONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205
AD Award Number: DAMD7---7 TITLE: Development of Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Jonathan P. Schneck, M.D., Ph.D. Mathias Oelke, Ph.D. CONTRACTING
More informationAs outlined under External contributions (see appendix 7.1), the group of Prof. Gröne at the
3 RESULTS As outlined under External contributions (see appendix 7.1), the group of Prof. Gröne at the DKFZ in Heidelberg (Dept. of Cellular and Molecular pathology) contributed to this work by performing
More informationImmunosuppressants. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia
Immunosuppressants Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Immunosuppressive Agents Very useful in minimizing the occurrence of exaggerated or inappropriate
More informationOptimization of the GeneBLAzer H2 CRE-bla HEK 293T Cell Line
GeneBLAzer Validation Packet Version No.: 1Sep Page 1 of 5 Optimization of the GeneBLAzer H CRE-bla HEK 93T Cell Line GeneBLAzer H HEK 93T DA Cells GeneBLAzer H CRE-bla HEK 93T Cells Catalog Numbers K17
More informationClass I Ag processing. TAP= transporters associated with antigen processing Transport peptides into ER
Antigen processing Class I Ag processing TAP= transporters associated with antigen processing Transport peptides into ER Proteosome degrades cytosolic proteins Large, multi-subunit complex Degrades foreign
More informationTRAMADOL, A CENTRALLY ACTING OPIOID : ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT AGAINST MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK SEIZURE IN MICE
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 42 (3) : 407-411 TRAMADOL, A CENTRALLY ACTING OPIOID : ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT AGAINST MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK SEIZURE IN MICE ANSHU MANOCHA, KRISHNA K. SHARMA* AND PRAMOD K.
More informationBuprenorphine Blocks - and -Opioid Receptor-Mediated Antinociception in the Mouse
0022-3565/03/3061-394 400$7.00 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Vol. 306, No. 1 Copyright 2003 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 48835/1076304
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi: 1.138/nature775 4 O.D. (595-655) 3 1 -ζ no antibody isotype ctrl Plated Soluble 1F6 397 7H11 Supplementary Figure 1 Soluble and plated anti- Abs induce -! signalling. B3Z cells stably expressing!
More informationConstitutively Active Mu Opioid Receptors Mediate the Enhanced Conditioned Aversive Effect of Naloxone in Morphine-Dependent Mice
(2006) 31, 171 177 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/06 $30.00 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Constitutively Active Mu Opioid Receptors Mediate the Enhanced Conditioned Aversive
More informationCELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE Chapter IV - CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE Sujatha, M. 2013. Evaluation of Immunological changes in Fish, Catla catla administered with bacterial pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila,
More informationLecture outline. Immunological tolerance and immune regulation. Central and peripheral tolerance. Inhibitory receptors of T cells. Regulatory T cells
1 Immunological tolerance and immune regulation Abul K. Abbas UCSF 2 Lecture outline Central and peripheral tolerance Inhibitory receptors of T cells Regulatory T cells 1 The immunological equilibrium:
More information9607 Dr. Perry Road Suite 103. Ijamsville, MD Tel: (301) Fax: (301) Ultrasensitive Samoa Human IL-33 Immunoassay
AssayGate, Inc. 9607 Dr. Perry Road Suite 103. Ijamsville, MD 21754. Tel: (301)874-0988. Fax: (301)560-8288. Ultrasensitive Samoa Human IL-33 Immunoassay INTRODUCTION Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine
More informationALVIMOPAN 0.0 OVERVIEW
ALVIMOPAN 0.0 OVERVIEW A. Alvimopan is a peripherally restricted mu-opioid receptor antagonist. B. DOSING INFORMATION : For the treatment of opioid bowel dysfunction, oral alvimopan doses between 0.5 milligrams
More informationPromising Therapeutic Agents: Delta Opioid Receptor Agonists
September, 2017 2017; Vol1; Issue8 http://iamresearcher.online Promising Therapeutic Agents: Delta Opioid Receptor Agonists Amjad Hasan Bazzari 1, Firas Hasan Bazzari 2 Pharm.D, MSc. Pharmacology, Aston
More informationThe Abilities of Specific x -Opioid Agonists, U-50,488H and U-62,066E, to Cause Antitussive Tolerance Were Lower than That of Morphine
The Abilities of Specific x -Opioid Agonists, U-50,488H and U-62,066E, to Cause Antitussive Tolerance Were Lower than That of Morphine Junzo Kamei, Hiroaki Tanihara and Yutaka Kasuya Department of Pharmacology,
More informationPharmacogenetics of Codeine. Lily Mulugeta, Pharm.D Office of Clinical Pharmacology Pediatric Group FDA
Pharmacogenetics of Codeine Lily Mulugeta, Pharm.D Office of Clinical Pharmacology Pediatric Group FDA 1 Codeine Overview Naturally occurring opium alkaloid Demethylated to morphine for analgesic effect
More informationThe Journal of Experimental Medicine
Iris Pigment Epithelium Expressing CD86 (B7-2) Directly Suppresses T Cell Activation In Vitro via Binding to Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte associated Antigen 4 Sunao Sugita and J. Wayne Streilein Schepens Eye
More informationPHRM20001: Pharmacology - How Drugs Work!
PHRM20001: Pharmacology - How Drugs Work Drug: a chemical that affects physiological function in a specific way. Endogenous substances: hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies, genes. Exogenous substances:
More informationImaging of glycolytic metabolism in primary glioblastoma cells with
63 Chapter 5 Imaging of glycolytic metabolism in primary glioblastoma cells with RIMChip 5.1. Introduction Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the most common brain tumors 1. It is composed of heterogeneous subpopulations
More informationQualifying Examination (Part I)
Department of Pharmacology Qualifying Examination (Part I) December 11 & 12, 2003 Please remember that this is a closed-book examination. You must be prepared to answer 4 of the 7 questions. Although not
More informationSpecial Issue on Pain and Itch
Special Issue on Pain and Itch Title: Recent Progress in Understanding the Mechanisms of Pain and Itch Guest Editor of the Special Issue: Ru-Rong Ji, PhD Chronic pain is a major health problem world-wide.
More informationShiv Pillai Ragon Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School
CTLs, Natural Killers and NKTs 1 Shiv Pillai Ragon Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School CTL inducing tumor apoptosis 3 Lecture outline CD8 + Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) Activation/differentiation
More informationIMMUNOLOGY BIO 463 LABORATORY EXERCISE FALL 2015
IMMUNOLOGY BIO 463 LABORATORY EXERCISE FALL 2015 IL-2 Production in mouse splenocytes INTRODUCTION Interleukin-2, or IL-2, is a potent cytokine produced by T-cells, stimulating their proliferation. As
More informationNeuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress
Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress This chapter is available for free viewing below. Each chapter of the book is available free for viewing at http://www.acnp.org/g5 Downloadable,
More informationUniversity of Colorado-Boulder
University of Colorado-Boulder Activated Glia as Culprits in Opposing Opioid Analgesia & Driving Tolerance, Dependence & Reward: Role of a Non-classical Non-classical Opioid Receptor Linda R. Watkins Psychology
More informationT Cell Activation, Costimulation and Regulation
1 T Cell Activation, Costimulation and Regulation Abul K. Abbas, MD University of California San Francisco 2 Lecture outline T cell antigen recognition and activation Costimulation, the B7:CD28 family
More informationA novel role for vitamin D: modulation of expression and function of the local renin angiotensin system in mouse pancreatic islets
Diabetologia () 5:77 DOI.7/s5--- SHORT COMMUNICATION A novel role for vitamin D: modulation of expression and function of the local renin angiotensin system in mouse pancreatic islets Q. Cheng & Y. C.
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Pang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1322009111 SI Materials and Methods ELISAs. These assays were performed as previously described (1). ELISA plates (MaxiSorp Nunc; Thermo Fisher Scientific)
More information