Substance Abuse and Prevention. Unit 3

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1 Substance Abuse and Prevention Unit 3

2 Medicines and Drugs Chapter 19

Drug Intro 1) What is the #1 reason why YOU think people abuse drugs? Write answer on scrap paper & hand in. 2) Brainstorm to compile list of different types of drugs.

3 Drug Intro 1) What is the #1 reason why YOU think people abuse drugs? Write answer on scrap paper & hand in. 2) Brainstorm to compile list of different types of drugs. Include good & bad drugs. 3) Drug = substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind. 4) Medicines = drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions.

4 What is your favorite recreational activity? Why do you do it?

5 Implications... Drug Prevention people have needs: enjoyment, happiness, stress reduction, etc. Must find healthy activities to fulfill these needs. Drug Rehab if drug is a crutch... must replace with a healthy crutch.

6 Terminology Tolerance body becomes used to a drug s effects and requires more and more to achieve the same effects. Dependence person must have the drug = ADDICTION Physical w/o it body gets sick; user has a chemical need for the drug Psychological person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally. Combined physical & psychological Withdrawal occurs when a person stops using a drug that he is dependent on. Symptoms of withdrawal can include nervousness, insomnia, severe headaches, vomiting, chills, and cramps. Symptoms typically ease with time.

7 Terminology Interactions using 2 or more different types of drugs at the same time; unpredictable effects. Example: Alcohol + Nicotine (depressant) (stimulant) Synergistic Effect using 2 or more drugs of the same type; effects are greatly intensified. Example: Alcohol + Sleeping Pills (depressant) (depressant)= Effects drastically increased! IT IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TO MIX DRUGS!!!

8 Terminology Teratogen any drug which affects unborn babies; cause birth defects. It is dangerous to take any drug while pregnant! Purity the % of active ingredients in a drug. The purity of street drugs is unknown! Proper Use medically prescribed; medicinal purposes. Misuse improper use of prescription or over-thecounter drugs. Abuse using dangerous controlled substances

9 4 Stages Of Addiction 1) Experimenter curiosity is a motivator; high is a new feeling; learning to trust/mistrust the drug; can still relate to people. 2) Regular User seeks the high; comfort & confidence in using; peer group uses; getting high is important; tolerance develops; cocky; has problems relating with people. 3) Preoccupied User thinking more about drugs; wants to be high often; blackouts start; relationships are difficult; clearly wants to use the drugs; uses when alone; still thinks is in control. 4) Addict must take drug to survive; no choice must use; relates to drugs, not people; will use any time; obnoxious, intimidating; drugs are their life

10 Where do you stand? 1) I use drugs. 2) Over-the-counter drugs are safe. 3) The legal age for drinking alcohol should be lowered to age 18. 4) I like my friends better when they are intoxicated. 5) Tobacco products have been proven to be unhealthy and should be made illegal. 6) Marijuana should be legalized. 7) Drug users should be left alone to do as they choose since they are not hurting anybody except themselves.

11 Tobacco Chapter 20

12 Incoming Activity #1 Finish the following statements: I think it is ok to smoke cigarettes because I do not think it is ok to smoke cigarettes because

It is possible! Much damage repaired by quitting.

13 Tobacco Facts Tobacco is a drug (#2 most abused drug in U.S.). ½ million adults quit smoking for good each year. It is possible! Much damage repaired by quitting. Tobacco is: (a) plant (b) crop (c) addictive substance (d) carcinogen

14 Harmful Substances In Tobacco Smoke gets in lungs; paralyzes cilia Nicotine addictive substance; stimulant (speeds up heart rate, increases B.P., dulls the appetite). However, the aftereffect of nicotine is a depression of body functions (calming effect). Tar cancer-causing agent.

15 Tar from a year s worth of cigarettes!!! Tar is the major reason why smoker s develop cancer along with the other 4,000 chemicals. Tar sticks/coats your lungs!

16 Harmful Substances In Tobacco Carbon Monoxide poisonous gas; CO levels increase in bloodstream & compete for hemoglobin (carries oxygen). This decreases the oxygen transport to the body tissues. Depriving body tissues of oxygen causes damage to heart, blood vessels, etc. Carcinogen cancer causing agent Tobacco has 43 known carcinogens NO TOBACCO PRODUCT IS SAFE! (cigarette, cigar, dip, chew, snuff products)

18 Tobacco Effects Tobacco builds DEPENDENCE quickly it s a very difficult habit to break! Tobacco builds TOLERANCE Reasons to quit: Live longer Some damage can be repaired (after 15 yrs., an ex-smoker s life span = that of non-smoker)

19 Health Risks Of Tobacco 1) Cancer Lung cancer is #1 type of cancer Mouth & throat cancer Bladder & pancreatic cancer 2) Heart Disease heart must work harder to get Oxygen to body tissues 3) Chronic Bronchitis - Inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, produces excess mucus over time

20 Smoking Destroys the Lungs! Healthy Lung Smoker s Lung

21 Bronchitis

carbon dioxide Airways collapse when breathing out 5) Sinusitis

22 Health Risks Of Tobacco 4) Emphysema Air sacs become weak and break Air becomes trapped Difficulty exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide Airways collapse when breathing out 5) Sinusitis 6) Ulcers 7) Increased (2x) risk of cataracts 8) Risks for Unborn babies

24 What kind of Smoke? Mainstream smoke Smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker directly from the cigarette Side stream smoke Smoke that goes directly into the air from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar or pipe Second hand smoke Combination of smoke exhaled by smoker and side stream smoke Also called passive smoking or Environmental Tobacco Smoke Third hand smoke Smoke that sticks to clothing, hair, carpet etc. that you can breath in, even when no one is actually smoking

Second-Hand Smoke Main Stream (directly inhaled) & Second-Hand Smoke 2/3 of all cigarette smoke goes into air & can harm others Young children of smoking parents have more bronchitis &

25 Second-Hand Smoke Main Stream (directly inhaled) & Second-Hand Smoke 2/3 of all cigarette smoke goes into air & can harm others Young children of smoking parents have more bronchitis & pneumonia than children of non-smoking parents Can trigger asthma & allergies Second-hand smoke has more harmful chemicals than smoke inhaled by the smoker (2x tar & nicotine; 5x carbon monoxide)

26 Smokeless Tobacco Two types: Chewing tobacco (leaf and plug) Snuff powdered tobacco Dulls senses of taste and smell Bad breath Addictive contains nicotine Leukoplakia White, leathery patch that forms on the tissues of the cheek or gums Mouth cancer Damages teeth & gums Surgery to fix these problems often leaves face disfigured

28 Smoke in the movies What message do movies/tv send when actors/actresses are smoking? (glamorous, tough, sexy, liberating everyone does it, relieves stress, etc.) Does this influence young people to smoke? Do you think the tobacco companies are targeting children/teens?

29 3 rd hour Groups Group 1: Mohammed, Kenny, Adnan, Alayna Group 2: Amer, Nick K., Rowan, Sammie Group 3: Demetri, Matt C., Kathryn, Arooj, Zainab Group 4: Max, Tyler, Austin, Nicole Group 5: Brendon, Daniel, Nick P., Jami, Ron

30 4 th Hour Groups: Group 1: Johnny, Clayton, Chanel, Darien, Kristen Group 2: Kris, Patrick, Rachel, Ashley M. Group 3: Tyler, Jarez, Mara, Tori, Madison Group 4: Jake, Akash, Ashley F., Taylor, Ashley R. Group 5: Daniel, Michael, Katie, Cam, Kelly

31 Alcohol Chapter 21

32 ALCOHOL FACTS Alcohol is a drug (#1 abused drug in U.S.). Alcohol is a depressant. Ethanol is the addictive drug in alcohol It takes a healthy liver about 1 hour to oxidize 1 drink ( ½ ounce of alcohol) Coffee, showers, exercise, etc. do not sober. Only time sobers. The #1 cause of death in teens is drinking & driving. Alcoholism will affect 1 in 10 people who drink.

33 Alcohol Facts Alcohol effects EVERY organ in the body. The % of alcohol of a beverage = ½ the proof Example: 90 proof = 45% alcohol 180 proof = 90% alcohol Each of these contains 0.5 oz of alcohol and is considered one drink: 12 oz. beer 5 oz. glass of wine 1.25 oz shot

34 Binge Drinking Drinking 5 or more drinks in one sitting if you are male Drinking 4 or more drinks in one sitting if you are female Can lead to alcohol poisoning Severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to alcohol overdose

35 Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning: Mental confusion and stupor Coma and an inability to be roused Vomiting and seizures Slow respiration Irregular heartbeat Hypothermia or low body temperature If you suspect a person has alcohol poisoning, call 911 immediately!!!

36 Health Risks of Alcohol 1. Acute physical & psychological distress with excessive use. HANGOVER nausea, vomiting, headache, gastritis, anxiety. 2. Irritates lining of mouth, esophagus, stomach, & small intestine. Increased risk of mouth & throat cancer as well as ulcers. 3. Alcohol poisoning extreme B.A.C. levels may cause death.

37 Health Risks of Alcohol 4. Liver disease: Cirrhosis scarring of the liver.

39 Health Risks of Alcohol 5. Heart disease excessive alcohol use weakens the heart & increases risk of CV disease. 6. Malnutrition alcoholics often resort to a liquid diet which contains many empty calories. One oz. alcohol contains 200 calories.

40 Health Risks of Alcohol 7. Increased risk of foolish behavior. (see sobering stats slide). 8. Disrupted family life divorces, broken homes, unhappy marriages, child abuse, spouse abuse, child neglect, etc.

41 Alcohol Facts... Sobering Statistics! Children of alcoholics have a 50/50 chance of becoming alcoholic. 55% of all fatal car accidents are alcohol related. 33% of all suicides are alcohol related. 80% of all fire deaths are alcohol related. 65% of all drowning deaths are alcohol related. 65% of all murders are alcohol related. 77% of all falls are alcohol related. 35% of all of rapes are alcohol related. 55% of all fights are alcohol related. 65% of all child abuse cases are alcohol related. 44% of the pilots involved in accidents were under the influence of alcohol.

42 Health Risks of Alcohol 9. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome if pregnant mom drinks

43 Health Risks of Alcohol 10. Alcohol and the brain Short term: Development Memory Judgment and control Risk of stroke Long term: Addiction Loss of brain function Brain damage

DOWN THE HATCH 8. Brain Clear thinking, Judgment, slowed reflexes & Reaction times, impaired Vision, impaired sexual Performance; 1 ST : intelligence & motor abilities 2 nd : emotional centers 7.

44 DOWN THE HATCH 8. Brain Clear thinking, Judgment, slowed reflexes & Reaction times, impaired Vision, impaired sexual Performance; 1 ST : intelligence & motor abilities 2 nd : emotional centers 7. Lungs small amount is exhaled via lungs; breathalyzer 6. Liver converts alcohol into H20 & CO2 oxidation; leads to fatty liver & cirrhosis 1. Mouth & Esophagus Irritates membranes; increases risk of mouth & throat cancer. 2. Stomach 20% passes thru stomach into bloodstream. Ulcers irritated. Food in stomach slows rate Of absorption 3. Small Intestine 80% passes from Stomach into small Intestine then passes Thru walls into blood Stream; irritates membranes 5. Kidneys increased Urine production dehydration 4. Circulatory System Distributes alcohol to all Body tissues

45 MO DWI LAW Legal intoxication =.08% or higher for adults Under age 21 no acceptable BAC! BAC = Blood Alcohol Concentration = the amount of alcohol in a person s blood expressed as a percentage. Factors affecting BAC: -# of drinks -rate of consumption -type of drinks -body size -gender

46 Alcohol Offenses Implied consent Under Missouri law, every driver must submit to a chemical test when requested by a law enforcement officer Refusal to do so will result in loss of license for 1 year Zero Tolerance Anyone under 21 years of age can have their license revoked for 90 days for: Any alcohol related traffic offense Possession of alcohol while driving Altering or using a fake ID Anyone driving under the influence or possessing drugs can have their license revoked for 1 year as well as criminal charges

47 Alcohol Offenses Cont d. Minor in Possession Any person more than 15 and under 21 may have his license suspended or revoked for: Purchasing or attempting to purchase alcohol Possessing any alcohol Being visibly intoxicated Having a blood alcohol content of more than.020%

48 Drinking and Driving #1 cause of death among year olds Any amount of alcohol can cause: Slow reflexes Reduced ability to judge distances and speeds Increase in risk-taking behaviors Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness

49 How other countries treat drunk drivers Australia names published in local newspaper under the heading Drunk & In Jail South Africa 10 year prison term, a fine of $10,000, or both (depending on circumstances) Turkey drunk drivers are taken 20 miles out of town by the police & forced to walk back under escort Malaya drunk driver is jailed; if he is married his wife is also jailed Norway 3 weeks in jail at hard labor & loss of license for 1 year. A 2 nd offense within 5 years & driving license is permanently revoked

50 How other countries treat drunk drivers Finland & Sweden jail for 1 year and hard labor England 1 yr. jail, 1 yr. license suspension, fine of $250 France 1 yr. jail, loss of license 3 years, fine of $1000 Bulgaria 2 nd conviction of drunk driving is the last. Punishment is execution! El Salvador drunk drivers (1 st offense) are executed by a firing squad!

51 3 Stages of Alcoholism EARLY MIDDLE FINAL Makes promises to quit & can t keep them Drinks often to relieve tension Tries to deny or hide drinking Drinks when alone Isolation from family & friends; loneliness Lives to drink; liquor more important than family/job Increased tolerance Drinks in the morning Never seems to eat; weak due to malnutrition Personality changes Signs of drinking more noticeable Nervous, very tense, very irritable Memory blackouts Drinks at work or at school Tremors (shakes) More forgetful Harder to feel high no matter how much consumed Takes vitamins & tranquilizers, but neither helps More irritable Drinking a daily necessity Hallucinations

52 Alcoholism Effects on family Codependency people close to alcoholics who ignore their own emotional and physical needs and instead focus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholic Treatment for Alcohol Abuse Al-Anon / Alateen AA MADD SADD

53 Illegal Drugs Chapter 22

54 Effects of Drug Use Physical effects Mental effects Social effects Tolerance- a condition in which the body becomes accustomed to the drug and causes the user to experience a need for more and more of the drug to achieve the desired effect. Does this cause the gateway effect??

55 Consequences of Drug Use Teens who use illegal drugs: May stop pursuing their interests and goals May lead to other risky behaviors Leading factor in teen depression and suicide Drug use is directly related to violence Drug use puts a burden on family and friends

56 Drug Categories Inhalants Steroids Psychoactive drugs Stimulants Depressants Narcotic/Opiates Hallucinogens Designer Drugs Marijuana

57 INHALANT Any substance that is inhaled glue, gas, paint thinner, Pam, white out,... Effects: nausea, dizziness, headaches, nosebleeds, lack of coordination and control Dangers: unconsciousness, suffocation, brain damage, & sudden death

58 Steroids There s no glory in cheating! Steroids are synthetic derivatives of male hormone testosterone.

59 Steroids

60 Steroids

61 Psychoactive Drugs Stimulants Speed up the central nervous system (heart rate, blood pressure) Examples: cocaine, crack, amphetamines, meth Depressants Slow down the central nervous system Ex: alcohol, barbiturates, GHB, rohypnol (roofies), tranquilizers

62 Psychoactive Drugs Cont d. Narcotics/Opiates Drugs derived from the opium plant used to relieve pain, highly addictive Ex: codeine, morphine, oxycodone, heroin, opium Hallucinogens Overload the sensory controls in the brain causing confusion, intensified sensations, and hallucinations Ex: DXM, ecstasy, ketamine, LSD, mescaline (peyote), PCP, psilocybin (mushrooms)

63 Designer & Look-Alike Drugs Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of narcotics & hallucinogens. Ecstasy (MDMA) Look-alike drugs made to physically resemble specific illegal drugs. User never knows exactly what he or she is getting.

64 Marijuana Marijuana has characteristics of stimulants, depressants, & hallucinogens Comes from CANNIBUS SATIVA plant # 3 most abused drug in US Gateway Drug often leads to use of stronger drugs BE SMART... NEVER START!

65 Marijuana THC is main psychoactive ingredient; THC is fat soluble; remains in body up to 24 months Effects: altered perceptions, red eyes, dry mouth, reduced concentration, reduced coordination, euphoria, laughing, hunger Dangers: panic reaction, impaired short term memory, lungs affected similar to tobacco (but more intense), addiction (psychological)

66 Marijuana Amotivational Syndrome users become apathetic, lethargic, & withdraw from activities Symptoms of overdose paranoia, delusions, hallucinations, possible psychosis (lose touch with reality) Highly cultivated forms of marijuana now emerging with 300% greater toxicity than the weed of yesteryear

marijuana Treat nausea accompanying cancer chemo

67 Marijuana Hash comes from same plant as marijuana Stronger (more THC) Possible medical uses of marijuana Treat nausea accompanying cancer chemo Stimulate appetite in AIDS patients Treating glaucoma

68 Drug Abuse... A sure way to flush your dreams down the toilet!

Live A Life Above The Influence!

Live A Life Above The Influence! Categories of Drugs 1) Inhalants 2) Stimulants 3) Depressants 4) Hallucinogens 5) Narcotics 6) Marijuana INHALANT Any substance that is inhaled glue, gas, paint thinner,