CANCER of the THYROID

Transcription

1 CANCER of the THYROID Data Highlights In Pennsylvania, white females had the highest average annual ( ) age-adjusted incidence rate for thyroid cancer (7.9 per 100,000). The rate for males (2.9) was less than half that of females. Nearly 33 percent of the thyroid cancer cases diagnosed between 1994 and 1998 occurred among residents under 40 years of age. Thyroid cancer is one of the rarer types. However, the annual age-adjusted incidence rates have been rising among females and, in recent years, among males. In 1998, the 954 cases of thyroid cancer were the highest number ever reported to the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. The 1998 age-adjusted incidence rate was 6.7 per 100,000, compared to 3.5 in Higher incidence rates among females suggest the role of hormonal factors in the etiology. From 1989 through 1998, the annual age-adjusted incidence rates for white females more than doubled, from 4.8 to 9.9 per 100,000. Among black females the rate rose 135 percent, from 3.1 to 7.3. Seventy-two percent of all the 1998 cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed in the localized stage of the disease. Unlike the incidence rates, the average annual ( ) age-adjusted death rates for cancer of the thyroid were the same for males and females, per 100,000. Black females had the highest average annual rate with 0.6, while black males had the lowest rate (0.1). In 1998, there were 62 thyroid cancer deaths among Pennsylvania residents, 40 of which were for females. The instability of the annual age-adjusted death rates, due to the small numbers of deaths each year, makes it difficult to interpret the mortality trends by sex and race from 1989 to FIGURE 20 Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates* by Sex and Race, Incidence Mortality Race/Sex All Cases/Deaths All Males All Females Age-Adjusted Rate Risk Factors Ionizing radiation. Etiological factors are obscure. *per 100, U.S. standard million population. Early Detection The effectiveness of screening in reducing mortality for high risk populations has not been evaluated. Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 172

2 Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-A Number of Cancer Cases, Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by Sex, Race and Year, Pennsylvania Residents, All Cases* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Year No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) * Includes any unknowns. NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). FIGURE 20-A Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, Rate per 100, Year Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 173

3 Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-B Average Annual Age-Specific Incidence Rates by Sex and Race Age Group All Cases All Races White Black All Races White Black Total Under NOTE: Rates are per 100,000 population ( ) for each specified group. FIGURE 20-B Average Annual Age-Specific Incidence Rates by Sex and Race Rate per 100, Under Age Group Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 174

4 Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-C Total Number of Cancer Cases by Age, Sex and Race Age Group All Cases* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Total 3, ,928 2, Under * Includes any unknowns. FIGURE 20-C Stage of Disease at Diagnosis, Percent by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, In Situ Local Regional Distant Percent Number and Percent of Cases Microscopically Confirmed: % Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 175

5 Cancer of the Thyroid: MORTALITY TABLE 20-D Number of Cancer Deaths, Age-Adjusted Death Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by Sex, Race and Year, Pennsylvania Residents, All Deaths* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Year No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) ( ) (0.2-) (0.2-) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (-2.2) ( ) (0.2-) (0.2-) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (0.2-) (0.2-) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (-0.6) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (0.2-) (0.2-) ( ) (0.2-) ( ) ( ) ( ) (0.2-) (0.2-) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (-0.6) (-0.6) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) * Includes any unknowns. NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). FIGURE 20-D Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, Rate per 100, Year Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 176

6 Cancer of the Thyroid: MORTALITY TABLE 20-E Number of Deaths and Average Annual Age-Specific Death Rates by Sex and Race All Deaths* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Age Group No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate Total* Under * Includes any unknowns. NOTE: Rates are per 100,000 population ( ) for each specified group. FIGURE 20-E Average Annual Age-Specific Death Rates by Sex and Race 10 8 Rate per 100, Under Age Group Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 177

7 Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-F Number of Cases, Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by County and Sex, Total Total County Cases No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) County Cases No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) All Counties 3, ( ) 2, ( ) Adams ( ) ( ) Juniata ( ) ( ) Allegheny ( ) ( ) Lackawanna ( ) ( ) Armstrong ( ) ( ) Lancaster ( ) ( ) Beaver ( ) ( ) Lawrence ( ) ( ) Bedford ( ) ( ) Lebanon ( ) ( ) Berks ( ) ( ) Lehigh ( ) ( ) Blair ( ) ( ) Luzerne ( ) ( ) Bradford ( ) ( ) Lycoming ( ) ( ) Bucks ( ) ( ) McKean ( ) ( ) Butler ( ) ( ) Mercer ( ) ( ) Cambria ( ) ( ) Mifflin ( ) ( ) Cameron ( ) Monroe ( ) ( ) Carbon ( ) ( ) Montgomery ( ) ( ) Centre ( ) ( ) Montour ( ) Chester ( ) ( ) Northampton ( ) ( ) Clarion ( ) ( ) Northumberland ( ) ( ) Clearfield ( ) ( ) Perry ( ) ( ) Clinton ( ) ( ) Philadelphia ( ) ( ) Columbia ( ) ( ) Pike ( ) ( ) Crawford ( ) ( ) Potter ( ) Cumberland ( ) ( ) Schuylkill ( ) ( ) Dauphin ( ) ( ) Snyder ( ) ( ) Delaware ( ) ( ) Somerset ( ) ( ) Elk ( ) ( ) Sullivan ( ) Erie ( ) ( ) Susquehanna ( ) ( ) Fayette ( ) ( ) Tioga ( ) ( ) Forest Union ( ) ( ) Franklin ( ) ( ) Venango ( ) ( ) Fulton ( ) ( ) Warren ( ) ( ) Greene ( ) Washington ( ) ( ) Huntingdon ( ) ( ) Wayne ( ) ( ) Indiana ( ) ( ) Westmoreland ( ) ( ) Jefferson ( ) ( ) Wyoming ( ) ( ) York ( ) ( ) NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 178

8 Cancer of the Thyroid: MORTALITY TABLE 20-G Number of Cancer Deaths, Average Annual Age-Adjusted Death Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by County and Sex, Total Total County Deaths No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) County Deaths No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) All Counties ( ) 214 ( ) Adams Juniata ( ) ( ) Allegheny ( ) (0.2-) Lackawanna 8 3 ( ) ( ) Armstrong ( ) Lancaster ( ) ( ) Beaver ( ) ( ) Lawrence ( ) 0 - Bedford ( ) Lebanon ( ) ( ) Berks ( ) ( ) Lehigh ( ) ( ) Blair ( ) ( ) Luzerne 17 4 ( ) ( ) Bradford Lycoming ( ) Bucks ( ) ( ) McKean ( ) Butler ( ) ( ) Mercer ( ) Cambria 6 2 ( ) ( ) Mifflin ( ) Cameron ( ) Monroe ( ) Carbon ( ) ( ) Montgomery 24 9 ( ) ( ) Centre ( ) Montour ( ) Chester ( ) 5 ( ) Northampton ( ) ( ) Clarion ( ) Northumberland 2 1 ( ) ( ) Clearfield ( ) ( ) Perry Clinton Philadelphia ( ) (-0.8) Columbia ( ) Pike ( ) 0 - Crawford ( ) Potter Cumberland ( ) 3 ( ) Schuylkill ( ) ( ) Dauphin 7 3 ( ) ( ) Snyder ( ) Delaware ( ) 11 ( ) Somerset ( ) Elk ( ) Sullivan Erie ( ) ( ) Susquehanna ( ) 0 - Fayette ( ) 2 ( ) Tioga ( ) Forest Union Franklin ( ) 0 - Venango Fulton ( ) 0 - Warren ( ) Greene Washington 4 3 ( ) ( ) Huntingdon ( ) Wayne ( ) Indiana 2 1 ( ) ( ) Westmoreland ( ) ( ) Jefferson ( ) 0 - Wyoming York 11 4 ( ) 7 ( ) NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality Page 179