CONTENTS PAGE OF THE ISSUE JANUARY OF J. Földi, A. Pécsi, Zs. Abonyi-Tóth, M. Kulcsár, Gy. Huszenicza:

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1 CONTENTS PAGE OF THE ISSUE JANUARY OF 2012 WELCOMING THE NEW YEAR REMEMBRANCE OF PROFESSOR GYULA HUSZENICZA BOVINE J. Földi, A. Pécsi, Zs. Abonyi-Tóth, M. Kulcsár, Gy. Huszenicza: Evaluation of predisposing factors for puerperal metritis in dairy cows / 7 Sz. Jánosi, Zs. Rónai, Á. Dán, R. Glávits, E. Barta: Bovine mastitis caused by exotic pathogens in Hungary: Prototheca, yeasts and moulds, corynebacteria and mycobacteria / 15 B. Bényei, C. W. Costa Barros: Dehorning young cattle by surgery. Case report / 21 OVINE V. Faigl, M. Keresztes, M. Árnyasi, M. Kulcsár, O. Balogh, S. Nagy, O. Szenci, S. Cseh, Gy. Huszenicza: Melatonin-based induction of ovarian cyclicity in intensive dairy Awassi flocks / 24 SMALL ANIMALS J. Thuróczy, E. Perge, L. Müller, E. Kollár, L. Balogh: Difficulties in diagnostics of nodular and neoplastic thyroid diseases in dogs and cats / 30

2 EXOTIC ANIMALS P. Nagy, J. Juhász: The most important features of reproduction in Camelids. Review and personal observations / 39 J. Juhász, Nagy P.: Development and operation of large scale camel milking farm. Challenges, experiences and results / 52 EVENT Dr. Kádár Tibor was born 100 years ago (Gy. Nagy) / 63 J. Földi A. Pécsi Zs. Abonyi-Tóth M. Kulcsár Gy. Huszenicza: EVALUATION OF PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR PUERPERAL METRITIS IN DAIRY COWS A case-control study was performed in two large-scale dairy herds on with at least two parturitions cows to evaluate the influence of certain risk factors on the development of puerperal metritis (PM) i.e. (1) manual intervention at calving; (2) retained fetal membranes (RFM) and (3) uncompensated negative energy balance characterized by (3/a) ketonuria or (3/b) hyperketonaemia. Cows suffering from PM were divided into two subgroups: those of showing local symptoms of PM only were considered as mild (mpm) cases, the ones that developed systemic signs (fever, dullness) as well, were characterized as toxic PM (tpm). Cows with normal involution were used as controls.

3 Manual intervention (assistance) at calving as well as RFM had a significant effect (<0.001) on the frequency of PM [odds ratios (OR) 6.7 and 13.5 in univariable regression model], in case of RFM the more severe form of PM was developed more frequently (OR: 3.9). Both hyperketonaemia and ketonuria, as signals to the negative energy balance of the cow, significantly increased the probability of PM and predisposed to the toxic form (ORs hyperketonaemia PM: 6.1, tpm: 6.3; ketonuria PM: 3.7, tpm: 14.0). A multivariable logistic regression model was built using the above variable and other influencing factors (proved to be significant) such as (i) >9400 l previous lactational milk yield (OR to tpm: 23.1); (ii) decreasing milk yield (OR to PM: 9.1, to tpm: 6.7) and (iii) increasing rectal temperature (OR to PM: 16.3, to tpm: 12.5) both between the 3 rd and 5 t h days postpartum, were also included to improve the accuracy of the model. It was also demonstrated that increasing parity predispose to the more severe form of the disease (OR to tpm: 3.1). Sz. Jánosi Zs. Rónai Á. Dán R. Glávits E. Barta: BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSED BY EXOTIC PATHOGENS IN HUNGARY: PROTOTHECA, YEASTS AND MOULDS, CORYNEBACTERIA AND MYCOBACTERIA Beyond the classic, wide-spread mastitis pathogenic bacteria, some, otherwise infrequently isolated pathogenic microorganisms, cause accumulated bovine mastitis in Hungarian dairy herds. Prototheca zopfii

4 alga, yeasts, corynebacteria and certain fast-growing, atypical mycobacteria are the most frequent representatives. With this survey the authors aim to highlight the impact of these uncommon pathogens which are responsible for considerable economic losses in several herds. B. Bényei C. W. Costa Barros DEHORNING YOUNG CATTLE BY SURGERY Dehorning young cattle by surgery is not well known procedure in Hungary. The author with a Brazilian exemplar demonstrates that this procedure can be done in field conditions as well. V. Faigl M. Keresztes M. Árnyasi M. Kulcsár O. Balogh S. Nagy O. Szenci S. Cseh Gy. Huszenicza: MELATONIN-BASED INDUCTION OF OVARIAN CYCLICITY IN INTENSIVE DAIRY AWASSI FLOCKS We compared the efficacy of three different cycle induction/synchronisation protocols used out of the breeding season in dairy Awassi ewes. In Experiment 1 (Exp.1) 85 autumn-lambing dams were used. Proportion of out-of-season cycling animals was determined by assaying milk progesteron (P4) or fecal gestagen metabolites 3 times 7 days apart on d0, d7, d13 (Exp.1 d0:10 t h February). The Gest group was treated in April with gestagen sponge (d56-d70) + 600IU

5 ecg (d70). The Mel+Gest group recieved a melatonin implant (Melovin, CEVA, Libourne, France) on d0 and was synchronised as the Gest group 56 days later. The Mel+GPG animals were treated with melatonin (d0) and synchronised with GnRH (d63) PGF2α (d70) GnRH (d72). Ewes were inseminated twice (fixed-time AI) and were introduced to rams 14 days later. Individual P4 profiles were followed from d45 to d99. Pregnancy associated glycoprotein was assayed on d99 and d133. Date of conception was determined according to lambing dates. IGF-I and thyroxin levels were determined from all samples collected from day 46 until 28 days post AI. In Exp.2 the protocol was repeated with 115 spring-lambing dams (Exp.2 d0:22 t h June). We conclude that reproductive activity of Awassi sheep is seasonal under temperate latitude. Slow-release melatonin implant inserted in February could not induce cyclic ovarian function; however, the same treatment had beneficial effects when used in June. We found that melatonin treatment had a negative influence on plasma IGF-I levels which, in turn, may impair milk production in lactating dams. The GPG protocol is a possible alternative of the long-term gestagen treatment for cycle synchronisation and AI, but it is only effective when used near the natural breeding season. J. Thuróczy E. Perge L. Müller E. Kollár L. Balogh: DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSTICS OF NODULAR AND NEOPLASTIC THYROID DISEASES IN DOGS AND CATS

6 Serum thyroxin (T 4 ), thyrotropin (thyroidea stimulating hormone, TSH) concentrations of thirty one dogs (16 females, 15 males) and ten cats (5 females and 5 males) were measured parallel with technetiumpertechnetate scintigraphy. Fourteen (45%) dog patients suffer from malignant and seventeen (55%) patients suffer from benign thyroid transformations. Proportion in cats was 4 (40%) and 6 (60%). Serum TSH concentrations of eleven dog patients was lower and TSH of ten dog patients was higher than physiological level. Serum T 4 concentrations did not differ statistically in malignant and benign tumours and species. There was no statistical difference in pertechnetate-uptake between malignant and benign tumours. There was no correlation between T 4 and pertechnetate-uptake ranging on basis of species or histopathology. Extremely high serum T 4 concentrations were measured in cases of multinodular hyperplasia, nodular atrophy and thyroiditis. In contrast, pertechnetate-uptake was the highest in cases of compact cell carcinomas, follicular adenocarcinoma and follicular compact cell carcinoma. Standard deviation of serum TSH concentrations was the highest in case of follicular adenomas. P. Nagy J. Juhász: THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES OF REPRODUCTION IN CAMELIDS. REVIEW AND PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

7 Information related to Old and New World Camelids in the Hungarian scientific literature is scarce. The authors aim with this paper is to close part of this gap by summarizing and reviewing the most important and interesting features of Camelid reproductive physiology. We have detailed male and female reproductive anatomy, as well as ovarian activity, puberty and first breeding, seasonal reproductive activity and typical sexual behavior. We have also covered early embryonic and fetal development, placentation, pregnancy diagnosis, parturition and the post-partum period. The current status of artificial insemination, embryo transfer and related reproductive technologies is also discussed. J. Juhász P. Nagy: DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF LARGE SCALE CAMEL MILKING FARM. CHALLENGES, EXPERIENCES AND RESULTS The first large scale camel milking farm in the world has been established in In this paper, the authors briefly summarize the role of camels in the Middle East, the benefits of camel milk and the history of camel milking. The establishment and operation of the farm consisted of three phases which are built on each other. Problems and professional challenges occured during these periods are described, specially those which are related to infectious and individual diseases, skin diseases caused by ectoparazites and fungi, and udder health. In order to develop camel milking technology, it was neccessary to know

8 the physiology and behaviour of the camels, which are also presented shortly. The farm is currently in the qualitative development phase after the initial quantitative growing period. They are focusing and working on the improvement of productivity and genetics of the herd, to investigate and correct the occurring problems related to the intense husbandry and nutrition of large number of dromedaries. Of the 2250 camels on the farm at present 680 animals are lactating. The avarage total viable count of the tank milk is 5413±128 cfu/ml, somatic cell count is ±3537 cell/ml. The avarage daily milk production in 400 days lactation of the best milking camel is 17.4 kg, but the avarage is between 7 8 kg/day for the majority of the camels. At the end of season pregnancy rate was between %, the pregnancy rate per cycle was 39.1% in the last 5 breeding seasons. The live birth rate of the calves was between %. The authors hope that these results will draw attention to camels and they will be considered as food producing animal in large scale husbandry systems.