Goitre prevalence (%) Grade 1. Grade 2. TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean. * Erzurum city: Adults/Elderly B

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1 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean S 2006P Malatya province: SAC: Total B SAC by area: Urban B SAC by area: Rural B SAC by sex F SAC by sex M SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B L 2005P Erzurum city: Adults/Elderly B Erzurum city: Adults/Elderly B L 2005P Istanbul: PW: Total F PW by trimester: 1st trimester F PW by trimester: 2nd trimester F PW by trimester: 3rd trimester F L 2004P Yusufeli district: SAC B L 2004P Kayseri province: Newborns B Kayseri province: Women F L 2003P Bolu: SAC B Duzce: SAC B Zonguldak: SAC B SD Reference Notes General Line L 2003P Western Anatolia: SAC B Western Anatolia: SAC: Total B SAC by sex B SAC by sex B NU 2002 National urban: SAC: Total B SAC by city: Ankara B SAC by city: Antalya B SAC by city: Artvin B SAC by city: Aydin B

2 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean NU 2002 SAC by city: Bayburt B SAC by city: Bitlis B SAC by city: Bolu B SAC by city: Burdur B SAC by city: Bursa B SAC by city: Çorum B SAC by city: Diyarb B SAC by city: Edirne B SAC by city: Erzincan B SAC by city: Erzurum B SAC by city: Eskişehir B SAC by city: Hatay B SAC by city: Isparta B SAC by city: Istanbul B SAC by city: Izmir B SAC by city: K. Maraş B SAC by city: Kastamo B SAC by city: Kayseri B SAC by city: Konya B SAC by city: Kütahya B SAC by city: Malatya B SAC by city: Samsun B SAC by city: Tekirdag B SAC by city: Trabzon B SAC by city: Yozgat B SAC by city: Van B L 2002 Zonguldak city: SAC: Total B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B Zonguldak city: SAC B R Aegean region: SAC: Total B SAC by area of residence: Mugla B NS SD Reference Notes General Line

3 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean R SAC by area of residence: Manisa B NS SAC by area of residence: Usak B NS SAC by area of residence: Kütahya B NS SAC by area of residence: Afyon B NS SAC by area of residence: Izmir B NS SAC by area of residence: Denzli B NS Aegean region: SAC: Total B SAC by area: Urban B SAC by area: Town B SAC by area: Outskirt B SAC by area: Rural B S 2001 Ankara: SAC B NS a S 2001 Isparta province: SAC: Total B SAC by area: Urban B SAC by area: Rural B L Bolu city: Newborns B Düzce city: Newborns B Zonguldak city: Newborns B Bolu city: Women F NS Düzce city: Women F NS Zonguldak city: Women F NS S 2000 Ankara: SAC B NS b L 2000P Antalya region: SAC B Antalya region: SAC: Total B SAC by sex F SAC by sex M L 1999 Istanbul: SAC B L 1998P Buyukcakir: SAC/Adults B NS Ankara: SAC B NS 68 Ankara: SAC: Total B Buyukcakir: SAC/Adults: Total B SD Reference Notes General Line

4 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean L 1998P SAC by sex and city: Ankara F SAC by sex and city: Ankara M SAC/Adults bysex and village: Buyukcakir F SAC/Adults bysex and village: Buyukcakir M SD Reference Notes General Line NU National urban: SAC: Total B SAC by city: Ankara B SAC by city: Aydin B SAC by city: Bayburt B SAC by city: Bolu B SAC by city: Burdur B SAC by city: Bursa B SAC by city: Corum B SAC by city: Diyarbakir B SAC by city: Edirne B SAC by city: Erzincan B SAC by city: Erzurum B SAC by city: Isparta B SAC by city: Kastamonu B SAC by city: Kayseri B SAC by city: Kitahya B SAC by city: Konya B SAC by city: Malatya B SAC by city: Samsun B SAC by city: Trabzon B SAC by city: Van B L 1997 Ankara: SAC: Total B Kastamonu: SAC: Total B Bayburt: SAC: Total B Trabzon: SAC: Total B SAC by age and city: Ankara B SAC by age and city: Ankara B SAC by age and city: Ankara B SAC by age and city: Kastamonu B SAC by age and city: Kastamonu B SAC by age and city: Kastamonu B SAC by age and city: Bayburt B

5 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: Goitre prevalence (%) Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) Notes Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 2 TGP < >300 <100 Median Mean SD Reference General Line L 1997 SAC by age and city: Bayburt B SAC by age and city: Bayburt B SAC by age and city: Trabzon B SAC by age and city: Trabzon B SAC by age and city: Trabzon B S provinces: SAC: Total B SAC by sex F SAC by sex F SAC by province: Artuin B SAC by province: Bayburt B SAC by province: Bolu B SAC by province: Burdur B SAC by province: Bursa B SAC by province: Edirne B SAC by province: Hatay B SAC by province: Kastamonu B SAC by province: Konya B SAC by province: Kutanya B SAC by province: Malatya B SAC by province: Rize B SAC by province: Samsun B SAC by province: Trabzon B SAC by province: Zonguldak B

6 NOTES Reference no 5592 General Notes: Cross-sectional survey in Malatya province, an area known for endemic goitre; sampling: 30 clusters of 20 children from 11 schools randomly selected from rural and urban areas. Line note 1 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 2 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 3 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 4 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 5 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 6 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 7 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 8 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 9 Interquartile range: µg/l Line note 10 Interquartile range: µg/l Reference no 5388 General Notes: Sample comprised of randomly selected adults/elderly from the city of Erzurum situated in northeastern Anatolia; only subjects who were born in Erzurum included; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Line note 11 UI median range: g/l Reference no 5453 General Notes: Facility based survey (1 midwife clinic at university hospital) in Istanbul; subjects randomly selected; UI expressed in µmol/l, values converted to µg/l. Line note 12 UI median range: µg/l Line note 13 UI median range: µg/l Line note 14 UI median range: µg/l Line note 15 UI median range: µg/l Reference no 4712 General Notes: Sample comprised of children from rural villages in Yusafeli district; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Reference no 4713 General Notes: Sample comprised of mothers and their newborns; all women admitted for delivery at Erciyes University Maternity Unit, Kayseri province; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database; urine samples obtained from all mothers and their newborns on the 5th day after delivery; same survey reported in reference No Line note 16 UI <15 µg/l: 27.0%, UI µg/l: 33.0%, UI µg/l: 23.0%, UI >50 µg/l: 17.0% Line note 17 Women's age, data from reference No Reference no 5610 General Notes: Cross-sectional survey of children from 23 primary schools in rural and urban areas from 3 cities in Turkey (Bolu, Duzce and Zonguldak). Reference no 5734 General Notes: Sample comprised of SAC selected from 4 urban and 8 rural schools in the western Anatolia (Bolu and Düzce cities and 6 mountainous rural areas); goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database.

7 Reference no 4721 General Notes: Sampling: 20 areas (cities) selected based on previous endemicity of iodine deficiency (goitre palpation data) and 10 areas selected because they were large cities and represented a significant segment of the Turkish population. Line note 18 UI <50 µg/l: 39.5% Line note 19 UI <50 µg/l: 30.9% Line note 20 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 51.0% Line note 21 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 14.4% Line note 22 UI <50 µg/l: 55.2% Line note 23 UI <50 µg/l: 45.5% Line note 24 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 83.4% Line note 25 UI <50 µg/l: 44.7% Line note 26 UI <50 µg/l: 75.3% Line note 27 UI <50 µg/l: 36.8% Line note 28 UI <50 µg/l: 62.5% Line note 29 UI <50 µg/l: 91.0% Line note 30 UI <50 µg/l: 22.2% Line note 31 UI <50 µg/l: 52.5% Line note 32 UI <50 µg/l: 76.5% Line note 33 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 17.1% Line note 34 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 41.3% Line note 35 UI <50 µg/l: 53.7% Line note 36 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 16.8% Line note 37 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 27.8% Line note 38 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 84.6% Line note 39 UI <50 µg/l: 23.4% Line note 40 UI <50 µg/l: 70.9% Line note 41 UI <50 µg/l: 38.4% Line note 42 UI <50 µg/l: 40.2% Line note 43 UI <50 µg/l: 46.6% Line note 44 UI <50 µg/l: 34.3% Line note 45 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 21.0% Line note 46 UI <50 µg/l: 18.3% Line note 47 Data taken from reference No UI <50 µg/l: 47.2% Line note 48 UI <50 µg/l: 78.6% Reference no 5566 General Notes: Sample comprised of SAC randomly selected from the city of Zonguldak, located in the western part of the Black Sea region; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Line note 49 UI <50 µg/l: 16.4%, UI median range: µg/l Reference no 5294 General Notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling - 91 clusters (schools) in Aegean region; zones (area of residence) separated as the city centres (700 students), outskirts (331 students), town (484 students) and rural area (785 students); goitre investigated by ultrasongraphy, values not included in the database.

8 Line note 50 Line note 51 Line note 52 Line note 53 Line note 54 Line note 55 Line note 56 Line note 57 Reference no General Notes: UI median range: 2-142, mean age (SD): 9.58 (1.91) years UI median range: µmol/l UI median range: 6-91 µmol/l UI median range: µmol/l UI median range: µmol/l UI median range: µmol/l UI median range: µmol/l UI median range: µmol/l 3424a Survey conducted in collaboration with Ministry of Health; sampling design not provided; data received as personal communication. Reference no 5766 General Notes: Sample comprised of SAC randomly selected from 5 urban and 6 rural schools in the province of Isparta, Southern Anatolia; the selected SAC had been living in the region for at least 5 years; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Line note 58 UI <50 µg/l: 40.6% Reference no 5587 General Notes: Sample comprised of newborns and their mothers randomly selected from the cities of Bolu, Düzce and Zonguldak. Line note 59 Standard error of the mean: 9.5 µg/l Line note 60 Standard error of the mean: 8.2 µg/l Line note 61 Standard error of the mean: 10.8 µg/l Line note 62 Standard error of the mean: 8.7 µg/l Line note 63 Standard error of the mean: 6.1 µg/l Line note 64 Standard error of the mean: 9.8 µg/l Reference no 3424b General Notes: Survey conducted in collaboration with Ministry of Health; sampling design not provided; data received as personal communication. Reference no 5736 General Notes: Sample comprised of SAC randomly selected from 6 schools in both urban and rural areas in the Antalya region; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database; UI expressed in µg/g creatinine, values reported in the respective line note. Line note 65 UI <50 µg/gcr: 20.0%, UI mean (SD): 64.1 (20.1) µg/gcr, UI median (range): 62.3 ( ) µg/gcr Reference no 4007 General Notes: Sampling: 7 out of 28 central districts in Istanbul selected by cluster sampling, in the 7 districts 14 primary schools randomly selected and in the schools classrooms randomly chosen according to age group. Line note 66 Mean age (SD): (2.36) years, UI <50 µg/l: 13.9%, UI median range: µg/l Reference no 1819 General Notes: Survey of children and adults from Buyukcakir mountain village, (expected severe iodine deficiency area) and from one school in Ankara, (expected mild iodine deficient area); UI expressed in µg/g creatinine, values reported in the respective line notes. Line note 67 Line note 68 UI median: 15.7 µg/g Cr, UI mean (SD): 27.6 (40.4) µg/g Cr UI median: 62.7 µg/g Cr, UI mean (SD): 87.6 (68.5) µg/g Cr

9 Reference no 3426 General Notes: National survey in 20 cities known to be endemic, data collected before mandatory iodization of table salt in Turkey; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Line note 69 UI median: 36 µg/l (range µg/l) Reference no 3333 General Notes: Survey conducted in 1226 children in Ankara (Central Anatolia) and 3 cities in the black sea region found to be endemic in 1995 (Kastamonu, Bayburt and Trabzon); cluster sampling, 40 children per cluster, 300 children from each of the 4 cities; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Reference no 3428 General Notes: Survey of 15/80 provinces, disaggregated data by sex for each province available.

10 Reference 1819 Reference 3333 Reference 3424 Reference 3426 Reference 3428 Reference 4007 Reference 4712 Reference 4713 Reference 4721 Reference 5294 Reference 5388 Reference 5453 Reference 5566 Reference 5587 Reference 5592 R E F E R E N C E S Yordam N, Ozon A, Alikasifoglu A, Ozgen A, Ceren N, Zafer Y, Simsek E. Iodine deficiency in Turkey. European Journal of Pediatrics, 1999, 158 : Erdoğan G, Erdogan MF, Delange F, Sav H, Gullu S, Kamel N. Moderate to severe iodine deficiency in three endemic goitre areas from the Black Sea region and the capital of Turkey. European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000, 16 : Erdogan MF. Iodine deficiency in Turkey [personal communication, unpublished data]. Ankara, Ankara University, Medical Faculty, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Erdoğan G, Erdogan MF, Emral R, Bastemir M, Sav H, Haznedaroglu D, Ustundag M, Kose R, Kamel N, Genc Y. Iodine status and goiter prevalence in Turkey before mandatory iodization. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 2002, 25 : Hacettepe Universitesi. 15 il'de beslenme egitimi ve arastimasi projesi, 1995 [Training and research project on nutrition in 15 provinces] Gür E, Ercan O, Can G, Akkus S, Guzeloz S, Ciftcili S, Arvas A, Iltera O. Prevalence and risk factors of iodine deficiency among schoolchildren. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2003, 49 : Özkan B, Olgun H, Ceviz N, Polat P, Taysi S, Orbak Z, Kosan C. Assessment of goiter prevalence, iodine status and thyroid functions in school-age children of rural Yusufeli district in eastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 2004, 46 : Kurtoglu S, Akcakus M, Kocaoglu C, Gunes T, Karakucuk I, Kula M, Kocakoc E. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women and in their neonates in the central Anatolian region (Kayseri) of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 2004, 46 : Erdoğan G, Erdogan MF, Üstündağ M, Haznedaroğlu D, Köse R, Genç Y yili 20 bölge türkiye iyot durumu monitörizasyon projesi kesin raporu [Final report of the iodine status monitoring project in 20 regions in Turkey, 2002]. Ankara, Ankara University, Medical School, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Darcan S, Unak P, Yalman O, Lambrecht FY, Biber FZ, Goksen D, Coker M. Determination of iodine concentration in urine by isotope dilution analysis and thyroid volume of school children in the west coast of Turkey after mandatory salt iodization. Clinical Endocrinology, 2005, 63 : Akarsu E, Akçay G, Çapoglu I, Ünuvar N. Iodine deficiency and goiter prevalence of the adult population in Erzurum. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2005, 48 : Gultepe M, Ozcan O, Ipcioglu OM. Assessment of iodine intake in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women by a new automated kinetic urinary iodine determination method. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2005, 43 : Demirel F, Ozer T, Gurel A, Acun C, Ozdemir H, Tomac N, Unalacak M. Effect of iodine supplementation on goiter prevalence among the pediatric population in a severely iodine deficient area. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2004, 17 : Simsek E, Karabay M, Kocabay K. Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in West Black Sea area, Turkey. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 2005, 59 : Egri M, Bayraktar N, Temel I, Ercan C, Mehtap Ilgar EP, Karaoglu L, Gunes G, Genc M. Prevalence of goiter and urinary iodine status of 7-11-year-old children in Malatya province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 2006, 48 :

11 Reference 5610 Reference 5734 Reference 5736 Reference 5766 R E F E R E N C E S Simsek E, Karabay M, Safak A, Kocabay K. Congenital hypothyroidism and iodine status in Turkey: a comparison between the data obtained from an epidemiological study in schoolaged children and neonatal screeening for congenital hypothyrodism in Turkey. Pediatric Endocrinology Review, 2003, 1 (Suppl 1): Simsek E, Safak A, Yavuz O, Aras S, Dogan S, Kocabay K. Sensitivity of iodine deficiency indicators and iodine status in Turkey. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2003, 16 : Semiz S, Senol U, Bircan O, Gümüslü S, Akçurin S, Bircan I. Thyroid gland volume and urinary iodine excretion in children 6-11 years old in an endemic area. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2000, 13 : Cetin H, Kisioglu AN, Gursoy A, Bilaloglu E, Ayata A. Iodine deficiency and goiter prevalence in Turkey after mandatory iodization. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 2006, 29 :

12 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 1263 Reference 1264 Reference 1265 Reference 3069 Reference 3360 Reference 3425 Reference 3427 Reference 3439 Reference 3574 Reference 3575 Reference 3902 Reference 4659 Reference 4722 Reference 4846 Reference 5189 Teziç T, Gedik Y, Baki A, Üzüm K, Kumandas S, Arslanoglu M, Demirci Y, Nuhoglu A. The incidence of goiter among students living in a group of mountain villages in the Black Sea Region and their thyrotropin and thyroid hormone values. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 1985, 27 : Eser SR. Le goitre endémique en Turquie et son étiologie [Endemic goiter in Turkey and its etiology]. Revue Médicale du Moyen-Orient, 1966, 23 : Yorukoglu N. Endémicité goitreuse en Turquie [Goiter endemicity in Turkey]. Revue Médicale du Moyen-Orient, 1965, 22 : Ministry of Health. Progress on eliminating IDD: data collection [personal communication]. Turkey, Department of External Relations, Ministry of Health, Semiz S, Senol U, Bircan, Gumuslu S, Bilmen S, Bircan I. Correlation between age, body size and thyroid volume in an endemic area. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 2001, 24 : Erdoğan G, Erdogan MF, Delange F, Sav H, Güllü, Kamel N. Turkiye'de endimik guvatr etyolojisiinin arastirilmasi; Ankara, Kastamonu, Trabzon ve Bayburt illerinde iyot durumu [Research on the etiology of endemic goitre in Turkey: Iodine status in the provinces of Ankara, Kastamonu, Trabzon and Bayburt] Erdoğan G, Erdogan MF, Emral R, Bastemir M, Sav H, Haznedaroglu D, Ustundag M, Kose R, Kamel N, Genc Y. Yeni binyila girerken Turkiye'de guvatr prevalansi ve iyot durumu [Goitre prevalence and iodine status in Turkey, entering the new millenium] Hatemi H, Urgancioglu I. Endemic goiter and iodine deficiency in Turkey. In: Delange F et al., eds. Iodine deficiency in Europe. A continuing concern. New York, Plenum Press, 1993 : Yordam N, Calikoglu AS, Hatun S, Kandemir N, Oguz H, Tezic T, Ozalp I. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Turkey. European Journal of Pediatrics, 1995, 154 : Erdogan MF, Erdoğan G, Sav H, Gullu S, Kamel N. Endemic goiter, thiocyanate overload, and selenium status in school-age children. Biological Trace Element Research, 2001, 79 : FAO. FAO - nutrition country profiles - Turkey. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization, Pekcan G, Karaagaoglu N. State of nutrition in Turkey. Nutrition and Health, 2000, 14 : Erdoğan G, Erdogan MF, Üstündağ M, Haznedaroğlu D, Köse R, Genç Y yili sonu itibari ile on bölgemizde okul çaği çocuklari arasinda iyot durumunun saptanmasi [Research on the iodine status among school children in 10 regions in Turkey as of end 2002]. Ankara, Ankara University, Medical School, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurtoglu S, Akcakus M, Kocaoglu C, Gunes T, Budak N, Emre Atabek M, Karakucuk I, Delange F. Iodine status remains critical in mother and infant in Central Anatolia (Kayseri) of Turkey. European Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 43 : Emral R, Bastemir M, Gullu S, Erdogan G. Thyroid consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power station accident on the Turkish population. European Journal of Endocrinology, 2003, 148 :

13 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 5790 Cinaz P, Karakasu DS, Camurdan MO, Bideci A, Ayvali ED, Yucel C. Goiter prevalence, serum selenium, and urine iodine status in a previously iodine-deficient area in Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 2004, 100 :

EGYPT. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

EGYPT. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration