Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia Anyone with a pre-existing heart condition should be very cautious about consuming too much caffeine

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1 Caffeine cnsumptin arund the wrld Excess caffeine side effects Insmnia Irritability, anxiety (cffee jitters) Mind racing, Always switched n T-rapid heartbeats (tachycardia) Upset stmach Heartburn Caffeine dependence/habituatin May raise bld pressure Frequent urinatin If yu experience any f these, CUT DOWN! Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia Anyne with a pre-existing heart cnditin shuld be very cautius abut cnsuming t much caffeine Use caffeine wisely Save caffeine fr thse times yu NEED it mst Dn t have caffeine 4 HOURS befre sleep Limit t mg a day: 1-2 espresss (the basis fr a cappuccin, latte r shrt black) 3-4 cups f instant a day 2 energy drinks If yu have high bld pressure, a stmach ulcer r are pregnant, limit cffee t just ne a day SPECIAL DIETS What is a special diet? A mdificatin t ne s diet due t an existing dietary prblem Prblem fds need t be substituted Results in less r n symptms f the prblem Examples: Gluten-free, lactse-free, high-fibre, lw-salt, sugar-free VEGETARIAN DIETS Vegetarian eating has lng been practiced Scrates, Plat and Aristtle were all vegetarians As were Lenard da Vinci, Gerge Bernard Shaw, Paul McCartney, KD Lang

2 Built int varius faiths Buddhism Hinduism Seventh Day Adventists Hare Krishna Prevalence in Australia Natinal Nutritin Survey (1995) fund: 5% wmen were n a vegetarian diet 4% f men and 8% f wmen practice vegetarianism t lse weight Pund f flesh (Newspll 2010) 5% f Australians said they were vegetarian Only 2% actually ate a vegetarian diet 1% said they were vegan Only ne persn actually ate a vegan diet Sanitarium Vegetarian Study (Newspll) (2000) 18% f Australians say they prefer vegetarian meals 43% f Australians reprt cnsuming mre vegetarian meals nw than 5 years ag. Trend twards meatless meals Why d peple eat vegetarian? Religius cnvictins Ethical cncerns cmpassin fr animals, against killing, wrld hunger issues Envirnmental cncerns - land usage, greenhuse gas emissins frm farm animals Health cncerns - hrmnes, antibitics, bacteria, prins (Mad Cw Disease) Financial cnstraints Health benefits f vegetarian diets Cmpared with the general mnivre ppulatin, vegetarians: Live lnger Lwer levels f chlesterl and bld pressure Less likely t suffer heart disease and cancer (specifically bwel, breast and lung) Weigh abut 15% less Have a lwer risk f type 2 diabetes Reasns fr health benefits? Vegetarians healthier fd intake is due t: Vegetarian better health prfile Less saturated fat Mre fibre, phytchemicals, plant sterls Frm meat, cheese and dairy Frm nuts and seeds Frm whle grains Frm vegetables, salads, fruits, juices

3 The many types f vegetarian diets Lact-v vegetarians (N animal, Yes dairy egg) Lact-vegetarians (Yes dairy, N eggs) Semi-vegetarians/flexitarians (plant ccasinal meat Pescatarians (fish nly) Vegans Fruitarians (fruit, nuts, seeds) Zen Macrbitic Vegetarians (grains, unprcessed) Raw fdists Health risks f vegetarian diets Nutritinal deficiencies nt getting enugh! Irn Calcium Zinc Omega-3 ils Vitamin B12 (especially vegans) Vitamin B 12 deficiencies n vegan diets Vit B 12 nly fund in animal fds such as yghurt, milk, cheese and eggs Essential fr healthy red bld cells, DNA genetic material and nerve tissues Stred in the liver s it takes 3-5 years t develp a deficiency Symptms: irregular heart beat, fatigue, shrtness f breath Irn deficiency Mst cmmn nutritinal prblem 20% f irn absrbed frm red meat Only 5% f irn absrbed frm plant fds Vit C helps absrb plant irn (nn-haem) Surces: frtified breakfast cereals, dark-green vegetables, beans, lentils, dried fruit Calcium deficiency Critical fr grwing children, teens and pregnant wmen Deficiency can cause stunted grwth and malfrmed teeth Surces: frtified sy drink, almnds, hazelnuts, tfu, dried figs Symptms: Numbness and tingling in the fingers, muscle cramps Zinc deficiency Vital fr the functin f enzymes and a strng immune system Rich in animal fds: meat, fish, ysters and chicken Vegetarian surces: whlemeal and grain breads, bran, legumes, nuts Symptms: grwth retardatin, hair lss, lss f appetite, delayed wund healing

4 Omega-3 ils Rich in fish and lean meat Vegetarian surces: flaxseeds, avcad, canla il, walnuts, pecans, sy prducts, green vegetables and herbs Symptms: Fatigue, pr memry, dry skin, pr circulatin, md swings Vegetarian Diet Pyramid Easy vegetable surces f prtein Eggs melette, frittata, eggs n tast Cheeses halumi, grilled cheese, rictta Qurn mycprtein (fungus), in UK fr 20+ years Lentils sup, dhal, mixed dishes Sy beans - tfu, tempeh, sy sausages, edamame Summary tp pints t nte There are many types f vegetarian diets Peple chse vegetarian fr many reasns Ov-lact-vegetarian is the mst balanced and recmmended fr children and pregnancy Shrtfalls likely in irn, zinc, calcium, B12 and mega-3s Needs planning and cking ahead ALLERGY SPECIFIC DIETS Allergy Abut 1/20 children and 1/100 adults have fd allergies Abut 60 per cent f allergies appear during the first year f life Allergies are an verreactin f the bdy s immune system t a specific part f a fd, usually a prtein Symptms f fd allergies include: Itching, burning and swelling arund the muth Runny nse Skin rash (eczema) Hives (urticaria skin becmes red and raised) Diarrhea, abdminal cramps Breathing difficulties, including wheezing and asthma Vmiting, nausea Anaphylaxis

5 Mst cmmn fd allergies 90% f all fd allergies are due t: Egg Cw's Milk Peanuts Tree Nuts Seafd Sesame Sy Fish Wheat Fd allergy specific diets Must avid allergen in diet Carry Epipen at all times Have an actin plan in place Learn t read labels If unsure, dn t eat GLUTEN FREE DIETS Gluten free diets Medical treatment fr celiac disease Reverses the symptms and damage t the small bwel Fllwed fr life Nw a trendy way f eating Wh needs a gluten free diet? Treatment fr: Celiac disease Dermatitis herpetifrmis an itchy skin rash, due t a reactin between skin and gluten antibdies Nn-celiac gluten intlerance ~15% Celiac Disease Autimmune disease that affects abut 1% f the Australian ppulatin but 75% peple dn't knw they have it An verreactin by the immune system t gluten Gluten damages the small bwel by flattening the lining (villi) Symptms f celiac disease Digestin issues: diarrhea, wind, blating, pain Nutritinal deficiencies Anaemia Osteprsis, weak bnes, fractures Unexplained weight lss Itchy skin rash