The effect of fasting six days of shawal after fasting Ramadan on the level of cholesterol, HDL and Hb,in adults in Khartoum and Madani cities

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1 The effect of fasting six days of shawal after fasting on the level of cholesterol, HDL and Hb,in adults in Khartoum and Madani cities A.MERGHANI (1), O.A.Musa (2) 1- MSC in Physiology, the National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan 2-Professor of Physiology, department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National of Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan. Abstract: Background: Fasting ( fasting) can affect the whole body systems, improving the functions of all organs by different effects. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of fasting 6 days of after fasting on the level of: Serum cholesterol, HDL and serum Hb in40 adults. Questionnaires were used to assess the diet during. Height & weight were measured for determining the BMI. The Blood pressure was measured using the manual sphygmomanometer at the end of and at the end of You have to rearrange the above paragraph to put a methodology subtitle? Results: There were no significant changes in the group of people fasting 6 days in (Even here in the abstract you have to identify briefly these changes, because the abstract should a summary for the whole topic) Conclusion Fasting six days of after fasting keep the effects of fasting (Rewrite the conclusion again, you have to mention the effects that were not affected). The whole abstract needs to be written again. 1

2 Introduction: fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam, and is observed by millions of Muslims all over the world. (1) Fasting of extra days was recommended, of which fasting six days of. Believers are commanded to abstain from food, drink and conjugal relationships from dawn to sunset. The period in which the person fasts may vary depending on the geographical location of the country and the season of the year, and can be as long as 18 hours/day in the summer of temperate regions, but it is hours in Sudan. Food and fluid intake are mainly nocturnal and usually food frequencies, quantity, sleep duration at night and daily physical activities are reduced. The food habits are different during compared to the non fasting month and the proportion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates intake can differ during. There is a tendency to consume foods and drinks that are richer in carbohydrates than those consumed during other months of the year. (2,3) Moreover, there are regional disparities in dietary habits depending on cultural rituals, often practiced during, among Muslim societies. Consequently such disparities may affect various components of metabolic importance (4) Undoubtedly, such religious obligations besides its spiritual effects may lead to plausible health benefits including weight loss, and favorable metabolic changes, but skipping meals on the other hand may induce weight gain, presumably, due to over-compensatory eating habits. It has been established that a given nutrient ingested at an unusual time can induce different metabolic effects. (5,6,7) Fasting in has been shown to have some effects on the circulating levels of several biochemical markers known to be associated with vascular 2

3 and metabolic disorders metabolic disorders including lipid profile, decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) at day 28 of. (8,) The changes in lipid profile, however, may vary depending on the quality and quantity of food intake, and physical activity. Lipid profile is affected by dietary habit, percentage of fat in the daily diet and its saturation, percentage of simple sugar, and exercise. Other lifestyle changes, most notably the more frequent and voluntary prayers performed during which is comparable to moderate exercise may lead to a healthier outcome. (10-22) These beneficial effects of fasting should be kept all through the year. Then, could the recommended six days for fasting in would contribute in keeping them has been addressed in this study. Methods: Twenty subjects from Khartoum and Madani cities were included in the study, fasted and 6 days in. All were interviewed with a questionnaire covering the age, diet during and after, past medical history and then investigated for cholesterol, HDL and Hb. Adult males and females of ages between years, not diabetic or ( nor) hypertensive who were voluntarily willing to participate in the study were included. ( Mention the test you use in lipid profile). Results: The level of cholesterol in the people fasting 6 days in was (165.45±9.83) at end of and182.60±11.47 at the end of ( p value0.141) and the level of HDL in the group fasting was 3

4 51.20±3.53 at end of and end of shawl was 49.35±3.20 and p value was0.578.the level of Hb was 13.09±0.67 at end of and at end of shawl 12.79±0.66 (P-value0.099). There was no significant difference in cholesterol,hdl and Hb in both groups (table1,2) Table (1) Cholesterol, HDL and HB level in the people fasting and 6 days in Item Mean±SE p. value Cholesterol HDL HB ± ± ± ± ± ±0.66 4

5 * People who fast only : Table (2) Cholesterol, HDL and HB level in the people fasting only. Mean±SE p. value cholesterol HDL ± ± ± ±2.76 HB 13.05± ±

6 Discussion: This study attempted to answer some questions about the effects of fasting six days of shawal after fasting by investigating the changes in serum cholesterol, HDL hemoglobin and other haematological levels at the end of and then fasting 6 days of shawl. Fasting is obligatory for Muslims but fasting 6 days of and other days during the year are recommended and not performed by all Muslims. The continuation of the health effects of fasting (3, 4,5) is needed and attaining that by continuation of fasting few days during the year is a possibility. As was found in this pilot study the decreased levels of serum lipids continued after one month in both groups with no significant changes. This finding could be an indicator for the need to compare these levels after another few months. In conclusion the levels of the serum lipids and Hb did not differ significantly at the end of shawal from the end of in both groups and this needs further investigation in a big prolonged study 6

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