Examination of Factors Contributing to Increased Risk of Nutrition- Related Disorders in Adults with Intellectual Disability

Transcription

1 Examination of Factors Contributing to Increased Risk of Nutrition- Related Disorders in Adults with Intellectual Disability Maggie Jones Kacey Vierling, MS Jennifer Jones, PhD Kami Gallus, PhD, LMFT Dylan Hillock Stephen Clarke, PhD

2 Health and Nutrition Concerns Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have significantly worse health outcomes than their peers without ID (Anderson et al., 2013). When compared to the general population, individuals with ID are at an increased risk for chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes (Melville et al., 2007). Low levels of physical activity and poor nutrition all contribute to the development of chronic disease and poor health outcomes (Anderson et al., 2013; Heller, McCubbin, Drum, & Peterson, 2011).

3 Setting the Stage In light of complex health concerns and existing co-morbidities, a healthy diet may be a lower priority than other medical conditions; however nutrition is a major factor impacting overall health and quality of life.

4 Research Questions What is the association among nutrition and health indicators? How are opportunities to make choices about daily living related to choices about food? How is access to food related to other access indicators?

5 Data Participants were drawn from the Oklahoma National Core Indicators (NCI) project (N = 606). Random representative sample of adults receiving HCBS waiver services. Inclusion criteria for the final subsample (N = 371) was completion of Section 1 of the Adult In- Person Survey, which included additional nutrition related questions.

6 Participants N = 371 adults receiving waiver services Gender Male 57% Female 43% Race/Ethnicity White 78% Black 11% American Indian 9% Other 2% Age Range: years (M = 48.90, SD = 12.41)

7 Participants Mobility Without aids 76% With aids or uses wheelchair independently 18% Non-ambulatory 6% Feeding tube Uses a feeding tube for 50% or more of diet 2% Tobacco Use Uses nicotine or tobacco 15% Overall health Excellent 19% Very Good 52% Fairly Good 27% Poor 2%

8 Participants Unspecified 1% Level of Cognitive Impairment Mild 48% Severe 14% Moderate 32% Profound 5% Residential Setting Parent or Relative Home, 21% Group Living Setting 2-3, 24% Own Home, 46% Group Living Setting 4-8, 10%

9 Reported Health Conditions Cardiovascular disease 9% Diabetes 20% High cholesterol 38% High blood pressure 43%

10 Co-Occurring Health-Related Conditions 1 condition 30% None 38% 2 Conditions 19% 3 conditions 12% 4 conditions 1%

11 RQ1: What is the association among nutrition and health indicators? Variable Healthy Eating Healthy Practices Nutrition Knowledge Food Choice Food Access Physical Activity Question Do you eat healthy food? Do you eat fruits and vegetables everyday? Can you provide examples of healthy foods? Do you choose what you eat? When you are hungry, can you get something to eat? How many times per week do you do moderate activity or exercise in which you are active for at least 10 minutes at a time? (running, fast walking, dancing, biking, swimming, and/or play basketball)

12 Pearson s Correlation **. Correlation is significant at the.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the.05 level (2-tailed).

13 RQ2: How are opportunities to make choices about daily living related to choices about food? Variable Healthy Eating Healthy Practices Food Choice Physical Activity Staff Choice Spending Money Choice Free Time Choice Daily Schedule Choice Residence Choice Services Choice Question Do you eat healthy food? Do you eat fruits and vegetables everyday? Do you choose what you eat? How many times per week do you do moderate activity or exercise in which you are active for at least 10 minutes at a time? (running, fast walking, dancing, biking, swimming, and/or play basketball) Do you choose your staff? Do you choose what you buy with your spending money? Who decides how you spend your free time? Who decides your daily schedule? Who chose the place where you live? Were you able to choose the services you get as part of your service plan?

14 Pearson s Correlation **. Correlation is significant at the.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the.05 level (2-tailed).

15 RQ3: How is access to food related to other access indicators? Variable Food Access Healthy Eating Healthy Practices Communication Access Community Access Transportation Access Access Satisfaction Home Activities Access Leisure Transportation Access Question When you are hungry, can you get something to eat? Do you eat healthy food? Do you eat fruits and vegetables everyday? Do you have other ways of talking, chatting, or communicating with your friends when you cannot see them? Are you able to go out and do the things you like to do? Do you have a way to get places you need to go? Do you get to do the things you like to do as much as you want to? When you are at home, do you have enough things you like to do? Are you able to get places when you want to do something outside your home, like going to see friends, for entertainment, or to do something fun?

16 Pearson s Correlation **. Correlation is significant at the.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the.05 level (2-tailed).

17 Nutrition and Residential Settings No significant differences across residential settings

18 Limitations Homogeneous sample Race/Ethnicity Nutrition-related issues not well represented Communication Limitations of items

19 Implications & Future Directions Participants report adequate choice, access, and knowledge. However, they may not be consistently eating healthy foods. Is this a matter of personal choice? Are healthy foods available in the home? Future research Food diaries or 24 hour recall designed for individuals with IDD Intervention study (e.g., cooking classes)

20 For more information, contact: Maggie E. Jones Undergraduate Research Assistant Oklahoma NCI Project Research funded by Oklahoma Department of Human Services Developmental Disability Services and Oklahoma State University Lew Wentz Undergraduate Research Scholarship