081 Lesson 21. Look at examples 1-5 below: 1. Which Japanese city is this? This is Tokyo. I can see Tokyo Tower. is = 100%.

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1 1. Look at examples 1-5 below: U N I T 1. Which Japanese city is this? This is Tokyo. I can see Tokyo Tower. is = 100%. 2. Which Japanese city is this? This must be Tokyo because it s so packed with buildings. must be ~ 90%. 3. Which city is this? This might be / may be Tokyo because there are many tall buildings. might be / may be ~ 50%. 4. Where is this? This can t be Tokyo, because Tokyo doesn t have so much snow or nature. can t be ~ < 5%. 5. Is this Tokyo? No, this isn t Tokyo. I can see Buckingham Palace in London. isn t = 0%. 081 Lesson

2 2a. Read the information below about four cities around the world. When done, look at the pictures on the next page. Using the patterns below, answer the questions. You can use the underlined information in each city to say why. Follow example 1 on the next page. Yes, this is... because... = 100% Yes, this must be... because... ~ 90% Yes, this might be... because... / Yes, this may be... because... ~ 50% No, this can t be... because... ~ < 5% No, this isn t... because... = 0% London, England London is a very old city. It has a large clock named Big Ben, double-decker buses, and policemen on horseback. People in England drive on the left side of the street. 現在の推測 New York City (NYC), New York More than eight million (8,000,000) people live in New York City. NYC has the Statue of Liberty; the Empire State Building; lots of subways, trains, and taxis; and two professional (American) football teams, the New York Giants and the New York Jets. Los Angeles (LA), California Los Angeles doesn t have a professional football team, but it has great surfing, tall palm trees, and Hollywood. LA also has warm weather all year long. In America, people drive on the right side of the street. Sendai, Miyagi Sendai has a lot of nature such as forests and lakes, the Sendai Pageant of Starlight, and lots of hot springs in Akiu and Sakunami. In Japan, people drive on the left side of the street. 現在の推測 / must be / might be / may be / can t be 082

3 3. Is this New York City? 2b. 1. Is this Sendai? 2. Is this Los Angeles? Yes, this might be S e n d ai b e c a u s e Sendai has a lot of nature such as forests. 5. Is this London? 4. Is this LA? 6. Is this NYC? 7. Is this Sendai? 8. Is this LA? 083 Lesson 9. Is this L o n d o n? 10. Is this Sendai?

4 3. For more practice, pair up and follow the examples below: S1 - 写真 2 を指さして 聞く ; Is this Los Angeles? S2 - No, this can t be Los Angeles because in LA, the weather is good all year long. S1 - I agree with you. 4a. S2 - 写真 3 を指さして 聞く ; Is this New York? S1 - Yes, this is New York because New York has the Statue of Liberty. S2 - I disagree with you. This might be Odaiba Kaihin Park in Tokyo. This is Hachi B. He is a student. He goes to school every day, but today he isn t in class. His friends are worried about him. Where is Hachi B? 現在の推測 Read the conversation below. Then, answer the questions on the next page. Hachi C - Hachi D - I m worried about Hachi B. He never misses school. He may not be feeling well. He left the party early last night. Hachi E - No, he can t be sick. We had coffee after the party. He was fine. Hachi F - Hachi G - Well, then he might be sleeping. No, he can t be sleeping. I got an from him this morning. He was going to see his girlfriend before school. Hachi H - Hachi Q - Wait a minute! Today is Moesha's ( モイシャ ) birthday. That s right. I forgot. Hachi B told me last week that he wanted to take her somewhere for her birthday. Carlos - Well then Hachi B must be hanging out with Moesha. I wonder where they are. 現在の推測 / must be / might be / may be / can t be 084

5 4b. Conversation Questions: 1. Why is Hachi C worried? Because Hachi B never 2. What does Hachi D think? He thinks that Hachi B _ because 3. What does Hachi E say? He says that Hachi B because they 4. What does Hachi F think? 5. What does Hachi G say? 6. Whose birthday is today? It s 7. What did Hachi B tell Hachi Q last week? He told him that 8. What does Carlos say? 9. Where do you think Hachi B and Moesha are? Please guess. 10. Is there anyone absent in your class today? Do you know why? In exercise 1, you were introduced to sentences using must be / might be / may be / can t be. These patterns are used to speculate about the general present: This can t be Tokyo, because Tokyo doesn t have so much nature. In the conversation in exercise 4a, you were introduced to slightly different sentences: He may not be feeling well. / He might be sleeping. Notice that in these sentences,, the verbs are ~ing. Thus, the speculation is about right now. He might be sleeping right now. 085 Lesson