Adventist Health Studies & The Vegetarian Edge

Transcription

1 Adventist Health Studies & The Vegetarian Edge The Power of Natural Remedies Workshop May 7, :20 10:50 am Seminary, N150 Sherine Brown-Fraser, PhD, RD, CPT, Chair & Associate Professor

2 Adventist Health Studies Better health for everyone!

3 What are Adventist Health Studies? Long-term studies Exploring links between diet, lifestyle and disease Adventist Health Study Timeline Adventist Mortality Study Adventist Health Study Adventist Health Study Present Adventist Health Air Pollution Study 1976-Present Adventist Religion & Health Study 2006-Present

4 Why Study Adventists? Adventists are ideal to study because: Most don t smoke Most don t drink Range of dietary habits

5 Adventists: Famous for Longevity Adventists were shown to live longer than the general population Five behaviors were shown to increase life span by up to 10 years: Not smoking Eating a plant-based diet Eating nuts several times per week Regular exercise Maintaining a normal body weight

6 Adventist Mortality Study: n=23,000 Compared to other Californians, Adventists experienced lower rates of death for all cancers, including: Lung cancer 21% Colorectal cancer 62% Breast cancer 85% Coronary heart disease 66% for men, 98% for women

7 Adventist Health Study-1: n= 34,000 Probable Beneficial Foods Nuts Whole grain bread Tomatoes Soy milk Fruits Legumes Nuts: 50% MI WG Bread: 45% Non-Fatal MI Tomatoes:40% Prostate Ca Soy Milk: 50% Prostate Ca Fruits & Legumes: Lung Ca

8 Adventist Health Study-1: Findings on Red Meat Red meat was associated with an increased risk of: Colon cancer 50% Heart attack 70-80% Diabetes 75%

9 Adventist Health Study-2

10 Adventist Health Study-2: 2002-Present Profile of Study Members 96,000 Adventists ages 30+ 1,500+ over the age of % are Black/African American Mean age: 60.2 Centenarians & 90+

11 Dietary Status BEEF POULTRY & FISH DAIRY & EGGS VEGAN NONE NONE NONE LACTO-OVO NONE NONE PESCO-VEGE NONE SEMI-VEGE NON-VEGE

12 Adventist Health Study-2 Profile of Study Members (Non-Black)

13 Adventist Health Study-2 Profile of Black Study Members

14 Dietary Status: Weight Differences *Age 60

15 Dietary Status: Weight Differences in Blacks* *Age 54

16 Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI = weight in kilograms height in meters 2 Normal weight = Overweight = Obese = 30+

17 Normal Over Obese BMI Females Vegan Lacto Pesco Non-Veg

18 Normal Over Obese BMI Males Vegan Lacto Pesco Non-Veg

19 Normal Over Obese BMI Black Females Vegan Lacto Pesco Non-Veg

20 Normal Over Obese BMI Black Males Vegan Lacto Pesco Non-Veg

21 Dietary Status and Disease The closer participants were to being vegan or vegetarian, the lower the risk of: Diabetes High cholesterol High blood pressure Metabolic Syndrome

22 High Cholesterol All Participants Vegan* Lacto* Pesco Non-Veg *significant relationship

23 Hypertension Non-Black Participants Vegan* Lacto* Pesco Non-Veg *significant relationship

24 Hypertension Black Participants Vegan* Lacto* Pesco Non-Veg *significant relationship

25 Characteristics of Vegetarians/Vegans Slept more Watched less TV Consumed less saturated fat Ate more fruits and vegetables Ate foods with a low glycemic index Beans Legumes Nuts

26 Physical and Mental Quality of Life Adventists report better quality of life than the U.S. norm Trend is particularly pronounced for mental health in older age groups Adventist Religion and Health Study 11,000 Adventists Adventist Health Study-2Religion and Health study, conducted on 11,000 Adventists from Adventist Health Study-2.

27 In Summary The health advantages experienced by the more conforming Adventists over many years is remarkable. Vegans and lacto-ovo vegetarians have less obesity, lower blood pressure/high cholesterol, and fewer lifestyle diseases. The causes are not all understood, but dietary factors are clearly important. The vegan & vegetarian dietary habit is broadly protective. This is due both to the absence of meat and also the extra fruit, vegetables and nuts.

28 For more information, visit adventisthealthstudy.org

29 The Vegetarian

30 Vegetarian diets are linked to improved: Weight loss A1c levels Cholesterol Blood sugar control Insulin sensitivity

31 Type 2 diabetes is 1.6 to 2 times lower in vegetarians than the general population, even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). J Am Coll Nutr 2015;34(5):448-58

32 We found a greater reduction in visceral fat and greater improvements in insulin resistance with a vegetarian diet compared with a conventional hypocaloric J Am diet. Coll Nutr 2015;34(5):448-58

33 Vegetarian diets are sustainable in the long term and may elicit desirable improvements not only in physical health but also in mental health. J Am Coll Nutr 2015;34(5):448-58

34 Vegan Advantage: Gut Health The vegan gut profile appears to be unique in several characteristics, including reduced abundance of [harmful bacteria] and a greater abundance of protective species

35 Reduced levels of inflammation may be the key feature linking the vegan gut microbiota with protective health effects. Nutrients 2014;6(11):

36 Vegan Advantage: Cancer A vegan diet may offer advantages over a vegetarian diet in several ways, including treating type 2 diabetes, systemic inflammation linked to heart disease, and a 15% lower total cancer risk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016 Feb 6; Complement Ther Med 2015:23(1):32-7

37 1. Use the Plan of Addition Focus on adding more garden foods or foods from the produce department.

38 2. Eat More Fruits and Vegetables Aim for at least 2-3 cups each of both fruits and vegetables a day. (5 servings of each)

39 3. Choose Whole Grains Enjoy brown rice, whole wheat and multi-grain bread and pasta, and whole grain, high fiber cereals like steel cut oats.

40 4. Increase Beans and Legumes Beans are a great source of protein, antioxidants, and fiber. Add to soups, salads, and pasta dishes.

41 5. Enjoy Healthy Fats Enjoy nuts. Just one handful a day cuts heart attack risk. Walnuts are a great source of omega 3 fat.

42 6. Try Vegetarian Entrees Grocery stores offer many frozen vegetarian entrees; restaurants have great options.

43 7. Eat Smart A healthy diet also means cutting down on sweets, processed foods, soft drinks, fried food, and constant eating.

44 Don t you know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit which is in you, which you have from God? 1 Corinthians 6:19

45 THANK YOU! The Power of Natural Remedies Workshop & Evelyn Kissinger