Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System Worksheet

Transcription

1 1. Name the five functions of the skeleton. c) d) e) Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System Worksheet 2. The term for the shaft of a bone is:. 3. The bony struts found in spongy bone are called. 4. In ossification, at around the time of birth, the center of each epiphysis begins to calcify. These areas are known as ossification centers. 5. What vitamin plays an important role in normal calcium absorption by bones? 6. Give TWO examples of flat bones. 7. When the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal, the thyroid gland secretes, which stimulates osteoblast activity. 8. The outer covering of the bones that functions to nourish the bone are provide a surface upon which the tendons attach is the. 9. Twiddling your thumbs demonstrates the movement possible at the joint. 10. A pregnant woman does not receive enough calcium in her diet to satisfy the needs of the growing fetus. To compensate for the low levels of calcium in her blood, her body will secrete hormone, which will stimulate cells to begin breaking the calcium salts out of her bones. 11. What percentage of the bones in the body comprises the appendicular skeleton? 12. Of the following selections, the one that includes bones found exclusively in the axial skeleton is mandible, scapula, clavicle, sternum, ethmoid vertebrae, ischium, ilium, sphenoid, ribs c) frontal, cervical vertebrae, true ribs, sternum d) sacrum, occipital, scapula, ilium 13. What TWO (2) of the cranium are paired bones (they have a right & left bone)? 14. The suture that separates the frontal and parietal bones is the suture. 1

2 15. The basic functional histological unit of the bone is the system. 16. The opening on the skull that is a passageway for the brainstem and spinal cord to exit the skull is. 17. The large mass of ligaments that connects the two pubis bones and limits their movements is the. 18. The TWO (2) bones of the pectoral girdle include 19. The most massive and least mobile of the vertebrae are the. 20. What is the total number of bones in one foot? 21. Small fluid filled sacs found in and around synovial joints which function to pad and aid in smooth articulation are the. 22. The wearing away of the articular cartilage due to age is called. 23. Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ribs. 24. The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of processes from what TWO (2) bones? 25. Bowed legs and weak bones are indicative of a person suffering from. 26. Name TWO joints that are hinge joints? 27. The name given to C1 is, while C2 is. 28. Red bone marrow is found in what type of bone in adults? 29. The three parts of the sternum are c) 30. The correct sequence of vertebrae from superior to inferior is c) d) e) 31. There are 85 named openings (foramen, grooves, tunnels, etc.) in the skull. What is their purpose? (p 181) 32. The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs, while the lower 5 pairs are called false ribs (the last two are specifically called floating). Why are they called false ribs? (p 235) 33. Name the three fused bones of the coxal bone. c) 2

3 34. The large posterior process on the scapula is the process. 35. The process of the humerus that articulates with the scapula is simply called the. 36. What joint that permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body? 37. What four modifications for child bearing does the female pelvis exhibit? (p.253) c) d) 38. Excessive growth hormone secretion before closure of the epiphyseal plates causes the disease known as. Matching 39. Layers of calcified matrix a. Haversian (central) canal 40. Residences of osteocytes b. concentric lamellae 41. Longitudinal canal, carrying blood vessels and nerves c. lacunae 42. Nonliving structural part of bone d. canaliculi 43. Tiny canals connecting lacunae e. bony matrix 44. A deficiency in calcium in the diet would lead to an increase in the hormone to be secreted into the blood. 45. An immovable joint is technically called. 46. The organs protected by the thoracic cage include the & the. Ribs 1 7 are commonly called ribs, whereas ribs 8 12 are called ribs. Ribs 11 & 12 are called ribs. All ribs articulate posteriorly with the and most connect anteriorly to the, either directly by cartilage or indirectly. (p235) 47. An autoimmune disease resulting in inflammation and eventual fusion of a diarthritic joint is. 48. The special joint that is only found in the thumb of primates is the. 49. What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints? 3

4 50. Classify each of the following types of fractures. (p200 & notes) 51. Label the parts of the bone tissue. A. B. C. D. B C A D 4

5 Matcing - Pelvic girdle (some will be used more than once) Acetabulum g) Iliac crest Anterior crest h) Ilium c) Calcaneus i) Ischium d) Femur j) Lateral malleolus e) Fibula k) Medial malleolus f) Greater & lesser l) Metatarsals trochanters m) Patella n) Pubic symphysis o) Pubis p) Sacroiliac joint q) Tarsals r) Tibia s) Tibial tuberosity 52.,, 3 bones that fuse to form the hip 53.,, 3 bones forming the knee joint 54. Sites of muscle attachment on the proximal end of the femur 55. Receives the weight of the body when sitting 56. Bones forming the instep of the foot 57. Point where the coxal bones join anteriorly 58. Bones of the ankle 59. Upper margin of the iliac bones 60. Deep socket in the coxal bone that receives the head of the thigh bone 61. Heel bone 62. Process forming the outer ankle 63. Longest bone of the body 64. Lateral bone of the lower leg 65. Point where the patellar ligament attaches 66. The shin 67. The kneecap 68. Distal process on the medial tibial surface 69. Lower leg bone that supports most of your body weight Matching Pectoral girdle (some will be used more than once) Acromium g) Glenoid Capitulum h) Humerus c) Carpals i) Metacarpals d) Clavicle j) Olecranon e) Coracoid k) Phalanges f) Coronoid l) Radial tuberosity m) Radius n) Scapula o) Styloid p) Trochlea q) Ulna 70., 2 bones of the shoulder 71., 2 bones of the forearm 72. Point on the scapula where the clavicle connects 73. Socket in the scapula for the upper arm bone 74. Process on the glenoid fossa that permits muscle attachment 75. The collarbone 76. Form the palm of the hand 77. Upper arm bone 78. Rounded knob of the humerus that articulates with the radius 79. Bones of the wrist 80. Distal medial process on the humerus that articulates with the ulna 81. The fingers have three of these bones, but the thumb only has two 82. Depression on the anterior side of the humerus that receives part of the forearm when flexed 5

6 Matching Skull (some will be used more than once) Coronal h) Mandible Ethmoid i) Mastoid c) Foramen magnum j) Maxilla d) Frontal k) Mental e) Infraorbital l) Nasal f) Lacrimal g) Lambdoid m) Occipital n) Palatine o) Parietal p) Sagittal q) Sphenoid r) Temporal s) Vomer t) Zygomatic 83., 2 bones that form the zygomatic arch (Hint: zygomatic bone is one of them) 84., 2 bones separated by the lambdoid suture 85., 2 paired bones of the cranium 86. Bones of the roof of your mouth 87. Forehead bone 88. Jaw bone 89. Hole at the base of the skull though which the spinal column passes 90. Openings below the eye sockets 91. Openings on the jaw bone 92. Joint between the two parietal bones Matching: Axial skeleton (some will be used more than once) Cervical e) Lumbar Coccyx f) Manubrium c) False g) Sacrum d) Floating h) Thoracic i) True j) Xiphoid 93. Ribs with no attachment to the sternum 94. Inferior most part of the sternum 95. Neck bones 96. Lower back bones 97. These 7 pairs of ribs each have their own cartilage attachment to the sternum 98. Bones that were once a pre-evolutionary tail 99. Part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicle Matching: Joints Ball & socket Hinge c) Pivot 100. C-1 / C Thumb 102. Knee 103. Coronal suture 104. Carpals 105. Hip 106. Pubic symphysis d) Amphiarthrosis e) Gliding f) Condyloid g) Synarthrosis h) Saddle 6