A-LEVEL PE SUMMER HOMEWORK ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Transcription

1 A-LEVEL PE SUMMER HOMEWORK ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Physiological factors affecting performance is one of the units you will study in A Level Physical Education. Physiological factors affecting performance, focuses on developing your knowledge of the science behind physical activity. This includes the structure and function of key systems in the human body, the forces that act upon us and the adaptations we make to our bodies through diet and training regimes. Through the study of this component, you will gain a deeper understanding of key systems in the body and how they react to changes in diet and exercise. You will also study the effects of force and motion on the body and how these effects can be used in physical activities to our advantage.

2 You will need to have a good understanding of muscles and joints that exist within the body. TASK 1: For each of the following joints: Find a diagram of each joint Identify which type of joint it is Joints to be included are knee, ankle, hip, elbow, shoulder, wrist.

3 TASK 2: Label the following muscles onto the blank skeleton Deltoid latissimus dorsi pectoralis major Trapezius teres minor biceps brachii triceps brachii wrist flexors wrist extensors Iliopsoas gluteus maximus, medius and minimus adductor longus, brevis and magnus biceps femoris semi-membranosus semi-tendinosus rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis tibialis anterior Soleus gastrocnemius

4 TASK 2:

5 TASK 3: Key words Create a key word glossary. You will need to describe the following words and give an example from the body. AGONIST ANTAGONIST FIXATOR ORIGIN INSERTION

6 TASK 4: MOVEMENT ANALYSIS For each of the following movements you will need to produce a poster showing the type of movement at a specific joint. This should include a picture of a sporting action with the joint where the movement is occurring clearly labelled. You will also need to identify the muscles that are involved in creating that movement e.g. agonist, antagonist. Lastly, you will need to identify the type of muscle contraction that is occurring within each muscle. A poster on each of the following movements is required: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, circumduction. (If a movement happens at more than one joint, then you may select a joint of your choice!)

7 Example (you will need to use a different example for flexion!) During extension of the knee the antagonist muscles are the bicep femoris, semitendinosis and semimembranosis. These muscles are contracting eccentrically. During the execution of the kick a footballer will straighten his leg. This is called extension of the knee. The agonist muscles are the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis. They are contracting concentrically. The knee is a hinge

8 Sports Psychology Topic Area - Group Dynamics in Sport In this area of the course, we look at the factors that affect how well groups and teams work together. Psychology is all about understanding behavior and being able to explain why an athlete or team has behaved in a certain way. Once we know this, we can use our understanding to help them change or improve their behavior with the ultimate aim of improving their sporting performance

9 This summer the FIFA World Cup will be taking place in Russia. Teams from all over the world will travel to take part in football s biggest tournament. The managers of these teams have a very unique job. They have to bring players, who have sometimes been competing against each other all year, together, to form a successful team in a relatively short period of time, in preparation for the world cup. The situation is made even more difficult by the fact that the World Cup only happens once every four years, so everyone is desperate to be on the team.

10 As has already been mentioned building a successful team can take a very long time, so the managers have a very difficult job. A psychologist named Bruce Tuckman came up with a theory called the Stages of Group Development. This theory attempts to explain the different stages that teams have to go through in order to reach a level of high performance. The four stages that you are going to look at for this homework are Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing.

11 You are working under Gareth Southgate as the England teams senior Sport Psychologist. Gareth has asked you to produce an information leaflet that will explain to all of the coaches the process that this new England team are likely to go through, as they come together to prepare for the World Cup. The leaflet should Explain each stage of group development in detail Give an example of the kind of behavior that coaches may experience from players in each stage Explain what the implications of each stage are for the way that the players are coached Make recommendations for how you think the group development process could be sped up so the team is ready as quickly as possible

12 The work should be presented as an information leaflet and should demonstrate your ability to research Tuckman s theory, to write coherently and provide examples and explanations that back up what you are saying. Bring all your notes and the information leaflet with you to your first A-Level lesson in September.