Crossing the Line A GIS investigation

Transcription

1 GIS investigtion NAME rossing the Line A GIS investigtion Glol perspetive: rossing the Line DAE Answer ll questions on the stuent nswer sheet hnout Bounries re invisile lines on the erth s surfe. hey ivie the surfe re into istint seprte politil entities. In this tivity, you will use GIS to investigte ifferent types of interntionl ounries, explore the implitions of vrious ounry onfigurtions, n oserve ounry hnges in reent yers. When you hve omplete the tivity, you will use your knowlege of ounry ynmis to speulte on worl ounries tht re likely to hnge in the future. Step 1 Strt ArMp Doule-lik the ArMp ion on your omputer s esktop. If the ArMp strt-up ilog ppers, lik An existing mp n lik K. hen go to step 2. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 265

2 Glol perspetive: rossing the Line Step 2 pen the Glol5.mx file GIS investigtion In this exerise, mp oument hs een rete for you. o open it, go to the File menu n hoose pen. P Nvigte to the moule 5 foler (:\MpWorl9\Mo5) n hoose Glol5.mx (or Glol5) from the list. lik pen. he mp oument opens n you see omposite stellite imge of the worl. he hek mrk next to the lyer nme tells you the lyer is turne on n visile in the t frme. Step 3 Explore mountin rnges s physiogrphi ounries As stronut Russell L. Shweikrt si, if you oul view the worl from spe, you woul see no ounry lines. Bounries re humn-me lines tht efine the worl s politil entities. here re severl types of ounries etween ountries. ne type of ounry is lle physiogrphi ounry. hey re se upon nturl fetures on the lnspe suh s mountin rnges or rivers. lik the ox next to the Bounries 2004 lyer to turn it on. A hek mrk ppers n the re lines show the interntionl ounries for the yer lik the Zoom In tool. n the mp, lik n rg ox roun Europe. he view is now entere on Europe. 266 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

3 GIS investigtion Glol perspetive: rossing the Line Drg nother ox roun Europe to zoom in more so you n see the physil fetures in greter etil. urn off Bounries 2004 y liking the hek mrk next to the lyer nme. Lote Europe s mountin rnges in the stellite imge. Notie tht rnges suh s the Pyrenees Mountins in northestern Spin form nturl ounry. You will use the Drw Line tool to rw lines where you see mountin rnge forming nturl ounry etween ifferent prts of the ontinent. First, you will selet symol type n olor for rwing. e n the Drw toolr lik the rop-own rrow to the right of the New Retngle tool n selet the New Line tool. f n the Drw toolr lik the own rrow key to the right of the Line olor utton n hnge the olor to yellow. Now you re rey to rw physiogrphi ounry in Europe. g h i j k lik the westernmost ege of the Pyrenees Mountins to strt your line. ontinue liking long the pth of the mountin rnge until you reh its esternmost ege. Doule-lik to en the line. he yellow line is isplye in the mp. lik on the mp wy from the yellow line to mke the lue seletion ox ispper. urn on the Bounries 2004 lyer. You see tht your line orrespons to orer etween two ountries. lik the Ientify utton. Move the Ientify Results winow so you n see the mp. lik the ountry tht orers the Pyrenees Mountins to the north. he left sie of the winow shows the lyer nme n elow it the ountry nme. You n lso see ll the ttriutes for tht ountry tht re in the ttriute tle. l lik on the ountry on the other sie of the orer. he Pyrenees Mountins re the orer etween whih two ountries? MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 267

4 Glol perspetive: rossing the Line m n GIS investigtion lik the Selet Elements tool. lik n rg ox over the ounry line you previously rew on the mp to selet the line (the lue ox shoul pper). Press the Delete key on your keyor to elete the line. Use the Ientify tool to fin other Western Europen ountries where physiogrphi ounries rete y mountins orrespon to tul politil ounries. lik ountry to see its informtion in the Ientify Results winow. omplete the tle on the nswer sheet. P Step 4 Explore oies of wter s physiogrphi ounries urn off the Stellite Imge lyer n turn on the Rivers, Lkes, ountries 2004, n en lyers. Wherever ountries hve physiogrphi ounries se on rivers, the re ounry line isppers eneth the lue river on the mp. Look losely t Europe to see if you n fin ny ounries tht re rivers. he ifferent olore ountries will help you fin these ples. In the Ientify Results winow lik the Lyers ox n mke ountries 2004 the tive lyer. (If the Ientify Results winow is lose lik the Ientify utton to open it.) lik ountry tht hs river s ll or prt of ounry. You my nee to zoom n pn to see the rivers tht re ligne with the ountry ounries. Mke sure you lik the Ientify tool gin when you re in lotion tht you like. Note: Refer to the ArMp oolr Quik Referene for rief explntion of the Zoom n Pn tools. In the tle on the nswer sheet, reor the nmes of three sets of ountries tht shre ounry tht is river. Note: In orer to ientify the nmes of the rivers, you must mke Rivers the tive lyer in the Ientify Results winow. ostlines re lso physiogrphi ounries. ountries tht o not hve ostline re si to e lnloke. Zoom or pn so tht Western Europe is in your full view. Nme three lnloke ountries in Western Europe. Use the Ientify tool if you on t know the nme of speifi ountry. (Rememer to set ountries 2004 s the tive lyer in the Ientify Results winow.) Step 5 Explore geometri ounries Another type of ounry is geometri ounry. Geometri ounries onsist of stright or urve lines tht o not orrespon to physil fetures on the erth s surfe. lik the Full Extent utton to see ll the ontinents. lik the Zoom In tool. Use it to zoom in on Afri. You see mny rivers tht overlp ounries throughout the Afrin ontinent. Look t the mp n lote ountries tht hve geometri ounries. 268 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

5 GIS investigtion e Glol perspetive: rossing the Line lik the Ientify utton. Mke ountries 2004 the tive lyer in the Ientify Results winow. Use the Ientify tool to ientify Afrin ountries tht re seprte y geometri ounries. Reor three sets of ountries in the tle on the nswer sheet. f g h lose the Ientify Results winow. lik Full Extent to see the entire worl. Ask your teher if you shoul stop here n sve this mp oument. Follow your teher s instrutions on how to renme the mp oument n where to sve it. If you o not nee to sve the mp oument, proee to step 6. Write the new nme you gve the mp oument n where you sve it. Step 6 Explore nthropogrphi ounries se on lnguge n religion A thir type of ounry is n nthropogrphi ounry. his ounry mrks the trnsition etween ulturl hrteristis on the lnspe. Anthropogrphi ounries re se on hrteristis suh s lnguge, religion, or ethniity. urn off Rivers, Lkes, Bounries 2004, n ountries lik the A Dt utton. Nvigte to the LyerFiles foler within the moule 5 Dt foler (:\MpWorl9\Mo5\Dt\LyerFiles). Selet Lnguge.lyr. ol own the trl key n lik Religion.lyr. lik A. e Drg the Bounries 2004 lyer ove the Lnguge n Religion lyers in the tle of ontents. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 269

6 Glol perspetive: rossing the Line f g GIS investigtion urn on Lnguge n lik the plus sign next to it to expn the legen. he istriution of mjor lnguge groups in the worl is isplye. Drg the right ege of the tle of ontents to wien it if you nee to. serve the pttern of nthropogrphi ounries se on lnguge in the worl. P h Use the Ientify tool to etermine the prinipl lnguge groups in South Ameri n Western Europe. (Don t forget to mke Lnguge the tive lyer in the Ientify Results winow.) Reor them on the nswer sheet. i urn on Bounries j k l m n Use the Ientify n Zoom tools to lote three exmples in the worl where politil ounries oinie with nthropogrphi ounries se on lnguge. Reor them on the nswer sheet. lik Full Extent. urn off Bounries 2004 n Lnguge. urn on the Religion lyer n expn its legen. he istriution of mjor religions is isplye. serve the pttern of nthropogrphi ounries se on religion throughout the worl. Use the Ientify n Zoom tools to etermine the prinipl religions in North Ameri n Afri. Reor them on the nswer sheet. o urn on Bounries p Use the Ientify n Zoom tools to lote three exmples in the worl where politil ounries oinie with nthropogrphi ounries se on religion. Reor them on the nswer sheet. Step 7 Review physiogrphi, geometri, n nthropogrphi ounries Fin itionl exmples of physiogrphi, geometri, n nthropogrphi ounries etween ountries. Reor your finings in the tle on the nswer sheet. lose the Ientify Results winow when you re finishe. Step 8 Explore the impt of ounry shpe, ulturl iversity, n ess to nturl resoures Bounries etermine the size n shpe, or territoril morphology, of ountries. Size n shpe n exert powerful influene on the ohesiveness of ountry. Smll ompt ntions or ones tht re irulr or hexgonl, for exmple, re more esily unite thn ones tht re elongte or frgmente. lik the Full Extent utton to see the whole worl gin. urn off ll lyers exept for ountries 2004 n en n ollpse the Lnguges n Religions legens in the tle of ontents (lik the minus sign next to the lyer title). lik the Fin utton. 270 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

7 GIS investigtion Glol perspetive: rossing the Line In the Fin ox type hile. Selet ountries 2004 from the rop-own list. e lik Fin. A results ox ppers t the ottom of the Fin ilog n hile is liste. Move the Fin ilog to the sie so you n see the mp. Right-lik on the highlighte row for hile n lik Zoom to feture(s). hen rightlik gin n lik Flsh feture to lote hile in the mp. he tle in the nswer sheet illustrtes six types of ountries se on shpe n gives n exmple of eh. hile is liste s n exmple of n elongte ountry. f Use the Fin, Zoom, n Pn tools to lote nother exmple of eh type of ountry. Reor them in the tle on the nswer sheet in the Exmple 2 olumn. Rememer, you n use the Ientify tool to fin the nmes of ountries tht you o not know. Another ftor tht influenes ohesiveness is the extent of ulturl iversity. g lik the Full Extent utton. urn off the ountries 2004 lyer. urn on Bounries 2004 n Lnguge. (1) By using lnguge groups s n initor of ulturl uniformity, ientify three ountries tht reflet ulturl uniformity. (2) By using lnguge groups s n initor of ulturl iversity, ientify three ountries tht reflet ulturl iversity. Bounries lso influene eonomi tivities. Erlier in this GIS Investigtion, you ientifie lnloke ountries in Western Europe. istorilly, these ountries were limite in their ility to tre iretly with other ntions euse imports n exports h to pss through other ountries en route to their estintion. h i j lik the Full Extent utton. urn off Bounries 2004 n Lnguge. urn on ountries Use the ArMp tools n uttons you ve lerne in this investigtion to fin n exmple of lnloke ountry on eh ontinent liste in the tle on the nswer sheet. For ontinent tht oes not hve lnloke ountry, write none. lose the Fin ilog if it is still open. Bounries lso influene eonomi tivities y estlishing ountry s ess to nturl resoures. k lik the Full Extent utton. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 271

8 Glol perspetive: rossing the Line l m n GIS investigtion lik the A Dt utton. Nvigte to the LyerFiles foler within the moule 5 Dt foler (:\MpWorl\Mo5\Dt\LyerFiles). Doule-lik il n Gs.lyr. he lotions of oil n nturl gs soures roun the worl re isplye on the mp. Use the Zoom In tool to fous on Southest Asi. P o p q Use the Pn, Zoom, n Ientify tools to help you nswer the following questions. (1) Nme two Southest Asin ountries tht o not hve ny oil n gs resoures within their orers. (2) Nme two Southest Asin ountries tht hve oil n gs resoures within their orers. urn off the il n Gs lyer. lik the Full Extent utton. urn off ountries 2004 n en, n turn on Bounries 2004 n Stellite Imge. Step 9 Explore ounry hnges in the 1990s Politil ounries n hnge in mny wys. Lrge ountries my split into severl smller ones, smll ountries my omine to proue lrger ones, territories tht were one prt of one ountry my e inorporte into nother. lik the A Dt utton. Nvigte to the LyerFiles foler within the moule 5 Dt foler (:\MpWorl9\Mo5\Dt\LyerFiles) n Bounries 1992.lyr. he interntionl ounries from 1992 isply s yellow lines. Note: Beuse the 1992 ounries over the 2004 ounries on the mp, the 2004 ounry lines re not visile when they re in the sme lotion s they were in he only 2004 ounry lines (re) tht re visile re those tht i not exist in serve the mp losely to see the ifferene etween 1992 n Wht kin of hnges to you see? (Use your Zoom n Pn tools to get goo look t these hnges.) (1) Desrie three politil ounry hnges you see etween 1992 n (2) Nme two ountries tht existe in 1992 ut o not exist in If you hve lrey sve this mp oument t the en of step 5, lik the Sve utton to sve your work. therwise, sk your teher for instrutions on where to sve this mp oument n how to renme it. If you o not nee to sve the mp oument, ontinue to the next step. Write the new nme you gve the mp oument n where you sve it. 272 MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY

9 GIS investigtion Step 10 ompre new ountries Glol perspetive: rossing the Line ountries in groups A n B elow re new ountries tht hve emerge sine Group A zeh Repuli Slovki Sloveni roti Bosni n erzegovin Seri n Montenegro Meoni Eritre Group B Russi Belrus Ukrine Molov Armeni Azerijn Georgi Kzkhstn Uzekistn jikistn urkmenistn Kyrgyzstn Selet three ountries from group A n three from group B n omplete the tle on the nswer sheet. Use the informtion n GIS skills you lerne in this investigtion to nswer the questions. Step 11 Exit ArMp In this exerise, you use ArGIS to explore the vrious types of politil ounries n their impt on the ountries they efine. You e lyers n use the Fin, Ientify, Zoom, n Pn tools to investigte the mps. You oserve n nlyze ounry hnges etween 1992 n lik the File menu n lik Exit. When ske if you wnt to sve hnges to the mp oument, lik No. MDULE 5 UMAN GEGRAPY II: PLIIAL GEGRAPY 273