How to Reduce Costly Calf Hood Disease Through Immune Support

Transcription

1 How to Reduce Costly Calf Hood Disease Through Immune Support

2 DAIRY CALF HEALTH MULTIMIN 90

3 EVALUATION OF RESPONSE AND SAFETY TO PARENTERAL TRACE MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION IN IDAHO DAIRY HUTCH CALVES Craig J. Louder Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine 28 July 2011 Advisor: Dr. Chris Schneider

4 MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum Collections 0hrs, 5hrs, 24hrs, 168hrs Total Protein on 0hrs Injection Site Score Clinical Attitude Score Nutrient Analysis of Close-up rations from dairies of origin

5 MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 bull calves on calf ranch in Hazelton, ID Three treatment groups, random allocation TxA- Bo-SE: 5.0 ml (5.0 mg sodium selenite and 250 mg vitamin E) TxB - Multimin 90: 1 ml (5.0 mg sodium selenite, 60 mg zinc, 10 mg manganese and 15 mg copper) TxC - Control 3 ml isotonic sterile saline

6 INJECTION SITE SCORE Score Swelling Pain 1 Normal None 2 Mild <10 mm Mild, painful w/ moderate pressure 3 Moderate mm Moderate, painful to touch 4 Severe >25 mm Affects feeding and head carriage 5 Grave, fasciitis Affects feeding and head carriage Group Average Injection Site Score (ISS) Tx A (BoSE) 1.73 a Tx B (Multimin) 1.18 b Tx C (Control) 1.11 b

7 CLINICAL ATTITUDE SCORE Score Signs 1 Normal, Bright, Alert, Responsive 2 Mild depression, signs of weakness absent 3 Moderate depression, some signs of weakness, may be reluctant to stand 4 Severe depression; difficulty standing; head lowered or extended 5 Moribund and unable to stand Treatment Group TxA TxB TxC Average Clinical Attitude Score 1.05 a 1.15 a 1.09 a

8 Morbidity/Sickness One in four : suffered from diarrhea or other digestive disorders. 23.9% Respiratory :12.4% Diarrhea/Digestive: 74.5% treated with antibiotics Respiratory: 93.4% were treated

9 Morbidity/Sickness Diarrhea, Bloat 25.3% Respiratory 18.1% Diarrhea, Bloat 71.8% Treated Respiratory 90.2 % Treated

10 Mortality/Death Scours/Digestive 56% Respiratory 22%

11 Mortality/Death Scours/Digestive 31% Respiratory 55% Scours/ Digestive: Large (1000 hd) 31% Small to Medium 45-52%

12 ECONOMIC IMPACT; DISEASE PRE-WEANING Survival and age at first calving ( first 90 days) Pneumonia 2.5 times more likely to die after 90 days of age Scours 2.5 times more likely to be sold for dairy purposes 2.9 times more likely to calve after 30 months of age Toews, Waltner, D., et al. The Effects of Early Calfhood health Status on Survivorship and age at First Calving Can J Vet Res 1986;50:

13 AGE AT FIRST CALVING Losses due to delayed first calving Example Dairy number of heifers calving/year Jan-15 GOALS ACTUAL age at calving cost per day to feed a heifer older than 20 months $ 2.00 non-feed variable costs / heifer / day after 20 months $ 1.00 total cost/heifer/day past 20 months $ 3.00 price of springing heifer $2,000 Loss avoidable feed: $122 per head non-feed variable $61 total loss avoidable per heifer $182 Total loss avoidable per year $ 18,240 John Fetrow VMD, MBA

14 ECONOMIC IMPACT: DISEASE PRE-WEANING Average Daily Gain Scours no antibiotic treatment No sig reduction on ADG ( 30g/day) Scours and antibiotic treatment Significant reduction on ADG ( 50g/day) Soberon F, E. Raffrenato, R.W. Everett and M.E. Van Amburgh Early life milk replacer intake and effects on long term productivity of dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 95:

15 ECONOMIC IMPACT: DISEASE PRE-WEANING Milk Production Scours alone Not significantly affected With antibiotic treatment 1086 lbs. less milk during the first lactation $20 CWT: $ heifers: $10,860 MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT FACTORS THAT AFFECT PRODUCTIVITY OF CALVES M. E. Van Amburgh Department of Animal Science Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

16 POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT BY CASE Cost of one case of scours # Calves 100 Cost/Case $ Incidence % 25% Expense $ 1,250.00

17 NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Energy Rapid Proliferation of immune cells Protein Cell replication cytokines, and antibodies Minerals (Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Fe, S) Vitamins ( A, D, E, C, B complex) Antioxidant System Energy production Protein Synthesis Membrane Integrity

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19 ORIGIN: Aerobic exercise Pregnancy Stress Tissue injury Infection/Immune Response Detoxification of compounds ROM DNA DAMAGE PROTEIN DESTRUCTION LIPOPEROXIDATION OF CELL MEMBRANES Antioxidants improve cattle immunity following stress. CF Nockels Anim Feed and Tech. 62: 59-68

20 NEWBORN CALF IMMUNE SYSTEM Decreased Innate Defense mechanism Decreased Acquired Immune mechanism

21 Beam et al ( 2009) COLOSTRUM J. Dairy Sci. 92 : doi: /jds American Dairy Science Association, Quality, Quantity, and Timing Herd Size: %FPT < % 100 to % > % Usual Time of 1 st Colostrum Feeding >4 29% FPT (15%) <=4 14.6% FPT (57%) Unknown 23.6% FPT (26%) Serum Protein FPT Yes: (3.3%) 2.8% No: (96.7%)19.7%

22 PREGNANCY/TRACE MINERAL RELATIONSHIP

23 790 Holstein dairy calves Colostrum management and rearing systems similar and adequate. Calves were not deficient in Se, Cu, Zn and Mn at the start of the study.

24 STUDY DESIGN 790 dairy calves Randomly allocated: - TMS - Control Leukocyte phagocytosis activity Subset: 228 calves 3 days of age 1 st injection 1 ml Total IgG SOD GPx Haptoglobin 14 days of age SOD GPx Haptoglobin 30 days of age 2 nd injection 1 ml SOD GPx Haptoglobin 45 days of age weaning Weekly body weights measurements Disease diagnosis

25 8% Reduction in Scours

26 7.5% reduction

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28 MIGRATION

29 PHAGOCYTOSIS 14 days: MM90 : Increased Neutrophil activity ( increased number of ingested bact.) P=.025 Increased number of neutrophils that performed phagocytosis.

30 14 days ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY MM90: Greater GPx activity. P=0.03

31 HOW DOES MULTIMIN 90 SUPPLEMENT CATTLE?

32 Why INJECTABLE? We SUPPLEMENT EACH ANIMAL WE INJECT We BYPASS any ANTAGONISTS - Tie Up, Sulfur, Iron, Calcium We SUPPLEMENT REALLY FAST We CAN TIME IT TO SPEND THE MONEY WHEN THE ANIMALS REALLY NEED IT

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36 DAIRY CALF CHALLENGES Whole Milk vs. Milk Replacer Whole milk excellent source of CP, Fat, Calcium Starter Intake

37 Serum Se decreased linearly from birth to 56 days of age; From 24 ppb to 18.8 ppb

38 Calf liver status from Birth to Weaning (Cow 20ppm Cu in diet) ppm DM Birth 56 Days Days Weaning Age Cu Zn Fe