Optimize Cow-Calf Profits with Better Trace Mineral Management

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1 Optimize Cow-Calf Profits with Better Trace Mineral Management As ranchers are looking for new ways to improve animal health, maimize production, and boost return on investment, ensuring the optimal balance of trace minerals is an effective way to strengthen performance at all stages of cow/calf production. Facilitated discussions sponsored by Multimin USA were held with beef veterinarians, ranchers, university eperts and Multimin USA technical representatives to discuss how ensuring an optimal balance of trace minerals can improve animal health and overall performance and profits for cow/calf operations. To access an interactive version of this discussion summary with audio and video clips, visit Why are Trace Minerals Important? Trace minerals such as Zinc, Selenium, Manganese, and Copper are essential for proper immune function, cellular energy, protein production, hormone production and other key functions. Cows had adequate liver Copper stores pre-calving, but became marginal by the time of parturition. These results indicate a maternal transfer of Copper to the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy. At birth, calves have sufficient levels of key trace minerals, but those minerals are depleted as they grow and approach weaning. If we have adequate trace mineral status in our animals, we are going to have the type of growth, fertility, and health we epect. Dr. Larry Hollis, DVM Professor Emeritus, Kansas State University ZINC COPPER MANGANESE SELENIUM Healthy feet and hooves Healthy skin and coat Spermatogenesis Cell division Reduced retained placenta Disease resistance Hair color Spermatogenesis Embryo survival Ovulation Proper bone development Reduced retained placenta Disease resistance Embryo survival What Happens to Trace Mineral Levels in Cows and Calves? LIVER COPPER DEPLETION Copper - ppm DM 3 3 Birth 56 days avg 5 days LIVER SELENIUM DEPLETION Selenium - mg/kg DM days days days Serum Cu. ppm Precalving Calving Breeding Weaning Precalving 4 Serum Liver Liver Cu. ppm (DM basis) 8 6 Trace Mineral Variability Causes Problems There are a variety of factors that can cause low trace mineral levels in beef animals. Even with the best nutrition program and oral mineral supplements, feed intake and absorption of trace minerals cannot be guaranteed. Variability in free choice mineral intake Production environment that doesn t allow feeding minerals Antagonists in feed, water and forage can tie up trace minerals and cause absorption problems Imbalance in feedstuffs Trace mineral requirements vary over the year Inadequate soil and pasture mineral levels

2 9 Provides a Solution to the Trace Mineral Challenge 9 is a sure trace mineral supplement given by timed injection. It is an aqueous, supplemental source of zinc, manganese, selenium, and copper in a readily available form which provide ranchers with the confidence that every animal receives adequate mineral supplements. Minerals are absorbed into and transported via the bloodstream, so any antagonists such as sulfur, iron, molybdenum or calcium are bypassed in the rumen. ZINC MANGANESE Why An Injectable? 9 provides the ability to go in at times when the oral program won t meet their needs and make sure that trace minerals are supplemented so you can optimize performance either health or reproduction. Dr. Larry Hollis, DVM, Professor Emeritus, Kansas State University 9 SELENIUM COPPER We have an accurate proper dose given to each animal, as they need it. It s given to the animal by injection so we don t have any questions as to whether or not they re going to get it. Dr. Bob Gentry, DVM, Technical Service Veterinarian, Multimin USA How Does it Work? works in 3 phases: MINERALS PEAK IN BLOODSTREAM MINERALS PEAK IN BLOODSTREAM MINERALS PEAK MINERALS STORED IN BLOODSTREAM IN LIVER MINERALS STORED IN LIVER MINERALS STORED INCREASE IN LIVERIN ENZYME LEVELS INCREASE IN ENZYME LEVELS INCREASE IN ENZYME LEVELS Trace mineral levels typically peak within 8- hours of injection, with the spike lasting 4 hours. Elevated Selenium levels last up to 9 days after 9 injection.3 Trace minerals are stored in liver and other organs, beginning about 4 hours after injection. Minerals are available for use by animals for 3-9 days after injection. Enzymes are produced from 4 hours following an injection, with increased levels of enzymes lasting as far as 9- days post injection.

3 Improving Reproductive Performance and Calf Health Higher Pregnancy Rates Multiple university research studies show measurable results in reproductive performance in cows treated with 9.* % 94% Teas A&M University 4 3 days prior to calving & days prior to start of breeding % 89.9% Kansas State University 5 at preg-check and again 3 days before AI % 74.4% NW-MO State University 6 3 days prior to calving & 3 days prior to start of breeding Compressed Calving Season and Healthier Calves In research at Kansas State University in a 46 cow herd, cows treated with 9 achieved a 9% higher conception rate to AI, and.5% more calves were born during the first days of the calving season. Female calving % % 77.5% Compressed Calving Distribution 3. % 9.9 % 3.9 %.6 % Day - Day -4 Day 4-6 Days of Calving Season Kansas State University 7 Improved Performance for Heifers P=. Research has also shown benefits for conception rate and reproductive performance of heifers, with increases with timed AI programs, eposure to bulls, as well as timed Embryo Transfer. We have a very short breeding timeframe about -55 days, and I m now consistently getting 95 and above percent bred that s dollars in the bank. Doug Thiessen, rancher Beloit, Kansas The longer that a calf is alive, the heavier it s going to be at weaning time, and the more return we can epect. Dr. K.C. Olson, PhD, Professor of Range Beef Cattle Nutrition and Management Kansas State University Pregnancy % to timed-ai after 4d CIDR-Protocol % 33 days prior to AI 75% University of Idaho 7 % 33 days prior to AI 6% University of Illinois 8 Pregnancy % in heifers synchronized for timed Embryo Transfer (ET) 8 3 days post ET 48 days post ET % 43% 36% 3% P=.5 USP-Brazil and Cornell University 9 P=.5 Overall pregnancy % after timed-ai and eposure to bulls % 33 days prior to AI 93% University of Idaho 7 P=.

4 Boosting Immunity and Vaccine Response Did you know that vaccines impact the trace mineral status of recently vaccinated animals? Research study data has indicated that at the same time as vaccination maintains or improves the trace mineral status of an animal, which may be critical in driving the immune response for better health. Serum Cu.µg/mL Serum Zn.µg/mL COPPER 4 (Adequate Serum Cu:.6-. µg/ml) ZINC a,y 4 (Adequate Serum Zn:.6-.9 µg/ml) y b MLV vaccine only 4 (Adequate Serum Se: 65-4 ng/ml) Serum mineral concentrations at d and 4 relative to vaccination and treatment administration. Samples analyzed from a random sub-sample of steers in each treatment (n=5 steers/treatment). Steers provided a 7-mL injection of trace minerals (TM) or 7 ml of sterile saline () on d. Treatment time, P.5,.33,., and. for Zn, Mn, Cu, and Se, respectively. Values with unlike letters differ (P <.5) between treatments within sampling days (a,b) and within treatments across sampling clays (,y). Serum Se.ng/mL Serum Mn.ng/mL MLV vaccine + SELENIUM ay MANGANESE b,y 4 (Adequate Serum Mn:.9-6. ng/ml) We see a decreased need for antibiotics and treatments when we do a better job on trace minerals and when we use 9... if we can maintain those calves healthier all the way through even into the feedlot after weaning, then it costs less to manage those calves. Dr. Dean Lusk, DVM Jerome, Idaho We put a lot of time and money into our AI program and it is very important to get the most calves out of that. Jake Johnson, cow/calf rancher, Mackay, Idaho Having the trace minerals at the right time helps make your vaccine response stronger. More animals respond, so population dynamics can work better for you. Dr. Larry Hollis, DVM, Professor Emeritus, Kansas State University Different trace minerals play an active role in different pathways of the acquired immune response, so 9 provides ranchers the potential to improve the success of appropriate immune response to a vaccination. Research has shown the use of an injectable trace mineral supplement results in an increased humoral and cell mediated immune responses to MLV vaccination, and induced faster and stronger immune response to BVDV, BRSV and P. multocida.

5 Easy to Use MULITIMIN 9 Convenient Protocols: The recommended 9 protocols for beef animals fits into many current management systems without additional handling. A veterinarian prescription is required. It is convenient and a good way to help improve health in our herd. They re going through the chute anyway and it s really easy to give them one more quick dose, and it s definitely affected our bottom line. Doug Thiessen, rancher Beloit, Kansas Dosage: ml per pounds bodyweight in calves up to year ml per pounds bodyweight in cattle from to years ml per pounds bodyweight in cattle over years Possible Producer Benefits Optimizing Performance and Profits for Cow Calf Ranchers Better pregnancy rates at first breeding = fewer empty cows Better response to calf vaccinations = less chance of illness More compressed calving distribution = more early-born calves, resulting in heavier average weaning weight Healthier calves = less use of antibiotics and long-term health consequences We see a reduced number of sick calves and better reproduction. Those two things are what makes money day in and day out. Dr. Dean Lusk, DVM, Jerome, Idaho

6 For More Information Multimin USA 89 East Harmony Road #9 Fort Collins, CO Dr. Elfrieda Havenga (phone) (fa) Dr. Bob Gentry MULTIMIN 9 SURE Trace Mineral Supply by Timed. Swenson, C.K Influence of mineral supplementation on blood serum and liver mineral concentrations in first calf beef heifers. Ph.D. Dissertation. NM State Univ., Las Cruces. J.C. Branum, Impact of prenatal dietary copper level on copper status and immunity of newborn and growing calves. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Teas A&M University, May J.D. Arthington, P. Moriel, P.G.M.A. Martins, G.C. Lamb, L.J. Havenga, Effects of trace mineral injections on measures of performance and trace mineral status of pre- and postweaned beef calves. J. Anim. Sci. 4.9:63-64,.57/jas S.R. Daugherty, G.E. Carstens, D.B. Herd, K.S. Barling, R.D. Randel, Effects of prenatal and prebreeding trace mineral/vitamin E injections on calf health and reproductive performance of beef cows. 5. L.R. Mundell, J.R. Jaeger, J.W. Waggoner, J.S. Stevenson, D.M. Grieger, L.A. Pacheco, J.W. Bolte, N.A. Aubel, G.J. Eckerle, M.J. Macek, S.M. Ensley, L.J. Havenga, K.C. Olson, Effects of prepartum and postpartum bolus injections of trace minerals on performance of beef cows and calves grazing native range. The Professional Animal Scientist J. Allen Effect of Multimin 9 on foot rot prevalence, health parameters, and growth parameters of beef cows and calves in Northwest Missouri. Study data on file 7. C.J. Brasche *, J.B. Hall, M.E. Drewnoski, Effect of an injectable trace mineral on pregnancy rate of virgin heifers when synchronized using the 5-d Co-Synch plus CIDR or 4-d CIDR-PG protocol. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 9, E-Suppl. /J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 97, E-Suppl. 8. University of Illinois study data on file. 9. Sales, J.N.S., et al., Effect of injectable copper, selenium, zinc, and manganese on the pregnancy rate of crossbred heifers (Bos indicus Bos taurus) synchronized for Timed Embryo Transfer. Livestock Science 4 ():59-6, doi:.6/j.livsci J.D. Arthington, L.J. Havenga, Effect of injectable trace minerals on the humoral immune response to multivalent vaccine administration in beef calves. J. Anim. Sci., 9: R.A. Palomares, F. Moliere, L.J. Havenga, A.R. Woolums, N.A. Norton, B. Credille, S.J. Clifton, A.B. Sigmund, C.E. Barber, M.L. Berger, M.J. Clack, M.A. Fratto, D.J. Hurley: Effect of injectable trace minerals (zinc, manganese, selenium, and copper) on the humoral and cell-mediated immune response to vaccine antigens following administration of a modified-live viral vaccine in dairy calves Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 78 (6) 88 98