Preliminary and Short Report

Transcription

1 TEE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DREMATOLOOT Copyright 1967 by The Willims & Wilkins Co. Vol. 48 No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Preliminry nd Short Report PARTICLES IN THE CISTERNAE OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OF FORTNER'S AMELANOTIC AND MELANOTIC MALIGNANT MELANOMAS* Rnrzo ITO, M.S. D YUTAA Mism&, M.D., PH.D. It is widely believed tht humn melnosomes re synthesized in the Golgi region (1, 2, 3, 4); but it hs lso been reported tht in the pigment epitheliurn of the retins of mice, the melnosome synthesis cn occur without the presence of Golgi pprtus, suggesting the possibility tht ribosomes nd endoplsmic reticulum my be involved in this process (5). Under the electron microscope S-91 mouse melnom ws reveled to contin virus-like prticles (6, 7), which hve recently been shown to rise from smooth vesicles, outgrowths of the rough surfced endoplsmic reticulum (8). No such prticles hve been found so fr in the hmster mlignnt melnoms of Fortner. Through finer exmintion of Fortner's hmster melnoms (9), prticles re reveled which my be regrded s the precursors of orgnelles in the ltered melnosome synthesis or possibly s virus-like prticles. MATERIALS AND METhODS The Fortner's trnsplntble melnoms of Syrin (golden) hmster (9), melnotie No. 1, melnotic No. 1 nd No. 3 crried by femle hmsters which were kindly supplied by J. G. Fortner, were mintined by successive subcutneous trnsplnttion into young dult hmsters purchsed from the Lkeview Hmster Colony, Lkeview, N. J. The trnsplnttion ws done by the mince-suspension technic (9). Seven tumors of melnotic melnom No. 1 (13-23 dys old, 48BB-I(1), 48BC-II(2)(3), 48BF- 1(2) nd (3), 48B1-I(3) nd 48BM-I (9)) two tumors of melnotic melnom No. 1(18 nd 24 dys old, 124E-II(3) nd 161B-XII(1)) nd eight tumors of melnotic melnom No. 3 (11-17 dys old, 125B(1), 125K-I(7) nd (10), 125J-I(5), (7), (8), (11), nd (12)) were used in this study. The tumors showed the sme biologicl chrcteristics reported by Fortner e l (9). Supported in prt by TI. S. Public Helth Service Reserch Grnts CA from the Nionl Cncer Institute nd AM from the Ntionl Institute of Arthritis nd Metbolic Diseses, Ntionl Institutes of Helth nd in prt by the Michign Cncer Foundtion. Received for publiction October 3, * From the Deprtments of Dermtology, Wyne Stte University School of Medicine, Detroit Generl Hospitl, Detroit, Michign, nd Veterns Administrtion Hospitl, Derborn, Michign. 268 The excised tumor tissues were fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide of Millonig(10) or 6.25% glutrldehyde in ccodylte buffer (11) followed by post-osmifletion with the snie osmium fixtive. After lcohol dehydrtion the tissues were embedded in Mrgls 655. Urnyl cette nd/or led citrte stined thin sections were exmined with RCA EMU 3F nd 3G electron microscopes. OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION Peculir sphericl-to-ellipsoidl prticles with dense nucleoid interiors were encountered in ll of the exmined tumors of melnotic melnom (Fig. 1, 2, 3) nd melnotic melnom No. 1 (Fig. 5, 6) nd in one of eight exmined tumors of melnotic melnom No. 3. The prticles, m$z in dimeter, consist of n outer limiting membrne nd sphericl centrlly locted electron-dense nucleoid structure ms in dimeter. The nucleoid structure ppers not to hve distinct enclosing membrnes on its surfce, but seems to hve substructure (Fig. 1 to 6). It is of interest tht these prticles re found in the cisterne of rough surfced endoplsmic reticulum (Fig. 1 to 6) or in the smooth vesicles which re directly connected (Fig. 1 nd 2) or closely correlted (Fig. 1 nd 6) with the endoplsmic reticulum (Fig. 1 to 3). The erly stge of the prticle synthesis ppers to be in the vesicles, which re in direct continution with the ergstoplsm (Fig. 1). A few prticles hve elongted shpes nd elongted nucleoid structures (Fig. 1 nd 2). The Golgi pprtus did not show ny cler reltion to this prticle synthesis. The melnotic melnoms of both No. 1 nd No. 3 minly consisted of two types of tumor cells; type I cells re chrcterized by the bundnce of free RNP prticles nd sprsity of the smll vesicles chrcteristic for type II cells, nd type II cells re recognized by the bundnce of their chrcteristic smll vesicles, 40 to 100 mi in dimeter, nd fewer free 1TNP prticles (Fig. 4). The prticles re found only in the type I cells (Fig. 5, 6). In few tumors, the prticles re seen mong the remnnts of degrded cells, still enclosed in the endoplsmic reticulum. The fine structurl fetures of melnotic melnom No. 1 nd melnotic melnom No. 3 generlly gree with those described by Stäubli nd Loustlot (12) nd Wellings nd Siegel (2). Although the melnotic melnom No. 1 shows similr fine structure to the melnotic melnom

2 - -bc " 4i 'tt< C. i "-., :1 r _:t0_,.. ' I :4J'-'- I.1 -, '4 'A -V. U -,, j;c -. C ' - 6 H 0" Fin. 1. Melnotic melnom No. 1, 18 dys old, 48BF-I(2). The prticles (lrge rrow) re enclosed in the cisterne of rough surfced endoplsmic reticulum (e) or in the smooth vesicles which pper to be connected with the endoplsmic reticulum. These prticles (smll rrows) consist of limiting membrne nd sphericl electron-dense nucleoid interior. The prticle indicted by rrow-d is enclosed within the vesicle which is directly connected with ergstoplsm nd exhibits strited nucleoid structure without distinct limiting membrne suggesting tht this prticle represents the erly stge of the prticle synthesis. The melnosomes (m), nd premelnosornes (m) in developmentl stges exhibit vrious sizes nd electron densities, nd some morphologicl resembluce nd relted distribution to the prticles. g: Golgi vesicles. Glutrldehyde (GTA) 0s04 double fixed nd led citrte stined sections. The solid line corresponds to 1 p.x 20,

3 rc t' 4r ' F FIG. 2. Melnotic melnom No. 1, 18 dys old, 48BF-I(2). Some prticles (rrow 1 nd 2) re pcked together in the nrrow cisterne of rough surfced endoplsmic reticulum. Arrow 3 indictes prticle with elongted shpe nd rod-like nucleoid structure. g: Golgi vesicles, m: melnosomes. GTA-0s04 fixed nd led citrte stined. X 20,000. FIG. 3. Melnotic melnom No. 1, 18 dys old, 48BF-I(2.) The melnosomes (m) in the left corner show their chrcteristic internl structure nd the outer limiting membrne. The prticles (rrows) re seen ner the membrne bounded degrding re (A). e: endo-. plsmic reticulum. g: Golgi re. GTA-0s04 fixed nd stined with led citrte. >< 20,

4 FORTNER'S AMELANOTIC AND MELANOTIC MALIGNANT MELANOMAS 271 t FIG. 4. Amelnotic melnom No. 1, 18 dys old, 124E-II(3), showing the free ribosome rich type 1(A) nd the smll vesicle rich type 11(B) melnom cells. 0s04 fixed nd stined with led citrte. X 13,000. FIG. 5. Amelnotie melnom No. 1, 18 dys old, l24e-ii(3). Prts of type I cells re shown. The prticles (rrows) re morphologiclly the sme s those in melnotic melnom No. 1. GTA-0s04 fixed nd stined with led citrte. >< 23,000. FIG. 6. Amelnotic melnom No. 1, 24 dys old, 161B-XI1(1). The prticle is enclosed by rough-surfced vesicle. Similr vesicles re seen ner the Golgi region (g). c: Centriole 0s04 fixed nd stined with led citrte. >< 37,000.

5 272 THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY No. 3, in contrst to the former, the ltter showed the prticles only in one tumor mong the eight exmined. Since the occurrence of the prticles is very rre in the tumors except for one melnotie melnom No. 1, it is quite possible tht further exmintion would revel the prticles in the other seven tumors. The melnotie melnom No. 3 grows fster nd metstsizes more frequently thn the other two melnoms exmined. Thus it seems possible tht the presence of this prticle my bespek reltionship to these chrcteristics. In the meluotic melnom cells, which ctively synthesize melnosomes, it is recognized tht some of the premelnosomes closely resemble the prticles. The intermedite vesieles between melnosomes nd Golgi vesicles re often distributed in close ssocition with these prticles. It is thus possible tht the prticles my represent n ltered premelnosome synthesis occurring in the eisterne of rough-surfced endoplsmie reticulum. This lso would coincide with the occurrence of the prticles in the melnotie melnoms which hve lost most of their cpcity for melnogenesis. In vrint of S-91 mouse melnom, Zelickson nd Hirsch (8) showed the developmentl stges of virus-like prticles. The prticles of the mouse melnom were shown to be formed from the smooth vesicles which were outgrowths of the rough-surfced endoplsmie reticulum. The prticle of the mouse melnom is reported to belong to A-type virus prticles. The morphology of the present prticles found in Fortner's melnoms hs similrity to tht of the C-type tumor virus prticles of murine leukemi (13) nd vin leucosis (14). The C-type prticles re lso cytoplsmic prticles nd loclized minly in vcuoles of virus induced tumors. The intimte reltionship with endoplsmie reticulum hs not been reported for the C-type prticles. In spite of the similrity to C-type virus prticles, it is too erly to ssign the present prticle s tumor virus from morphologicl resemblnce only. The prticle my be product of the ltered metbolic system in mlignnt pigment cell growth. sutemarv The distinctive prticles, m in dimeter, consisting of n outer limiting membrne nd sphericl electron dense nucleoid interior hve been found in the cisterne of rough-surfced endoplsmie reticulum of Fortner's mlignnt melnom cells. The biologicl significnce of these prticles in mlignnt pigment cell growth is discussed. REFERENCES 1. Birbeek, M. S. C.: Electron microscopy of melnoeytes: the fine structure of hir-bulb premelnosomes. Ann. N. V. Acd. Sci., 100: 540, Wellings, S. H. nd Siegel, B. V.: Electron microscopic studies on the subeellulr origin nd ultrstrueture of melnin grnules in mmmlin melnoms. Ann. N. Y. Acd. Sei., 100: 548, Droehmns, P.: Melnin grnules: their fine structure, formtion, nd degenertion in norml nd pthologicl tissues. Tnt. Rev. Exp. Pth., 2: 357, Mishim, Y.: Meromoleeulr chnges in pigmentry disorders. Arch. Derm. (Chicgo), 91: 519, 1965 nd Ihid, 92: 393, Moyer, F. H.: Genetic vritions in the fine structure nd ontogeny of mouse melnin grnules. Amer. Zool. 6: 43, Dlton, A. J. nd Felix, M. D.: The electron microscopy of norml nd mlignnt cells. Ann. N.Y. Acd. Sei., 63: 1117, Dlton, A. J.: Orgniztion in benign nd mlignnt cells. Lb. Invest., 8: 510, S. Zelickson, A. S. nd Hirsch, H. M.: An electron microscope study of mouse melnom. Act Dermto. vener. (Stockholm), 44: Fortner, J. G., Mhy, A. 0. nd Scbrodt, G. R.: Trnsplntble tumors of the Syrin (golden) hmster: Prt I: Tumors of the limentry trct, endocrine glnds nd melnoms. Cncer Hes., 21: 161, Millonig, G.: Advntges of phosphte buffer for 0s04 solutions in fixtion. J. Applied Physics, 32: 1637, Sbtini, D. D., Bensch, K. nd Brrnett, R. J.: Cytochemistry nd electron microscopy: the preservtion of cellulr ultrstrueture nd enzymtic ctivity by ldehyde fixtion. J. Cell Biol., 17: 19, Stäubli, W. nd Loustlot, P.: Electron microscopy of trnsplntble melnotie nd melnotie hmster melnoms. Cncer Res., 22: 84, Dlton, A. J.: Mieromorphology of murine tumor viruses nd of ffected cells. Fed. Proc., 21: 936, Hguenn, F. nd Berd, J. W.: The vin sreom-leukosis complex; its biology nd ultrstructure, in "Tumors Induced by Viruses: Ultrstrueture Studies" pp N. V., Acdemic Press, 1962.