Coding of Sensory Information
|
|
- Antonia Gaines
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Coding of Sensory Information 22 November, 2016 Touqeer Ahmed PhD Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences National University of Sciences and Technology
2 Sensory Systems Mediate Four Attributes of a Stimulus Despite the diversity of sensations we experience, all sensory systems convey four basic types of information when stimulated modality location Intensity timing Together, these four elementary attributes of a stimulus yield sensation.
3 A. In the human hand the submodalities of touch are sensed by four types of mechanoreceptors. Specific tactile sensations occur when distinct types of receptors are activated. Firing of all four receptors produces the sensation of contact with an object. Steady pressure sensation: Selective activation of Merkel cells and Ruffini endings produces sensations of steady pressure on the skin above the receptor. Tingling sensation: When the same patterns of firing occur only in Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles, the tingling sensation of vibration is perceived. The sensory systems
4 The sensory systems B. Location and other spatial properties of a stimulus are encoded by the spatial distribution of the population of activated receptors. Each receptor fires action potentials only when the skin close to its sensory terminals within receptive field is touched. The receptive fields of mechanoreceptors are shown as red areas on the finger tip, differ in size and response to touch. Merkel cells and Meissner's corpuscles provide the most precise localization of touch, as they have the smallest receptive fields and are also more sensitive to pressure applied by a small probe.
5 C. The intensity of stimulation is signaled by the firing rates of individual receptors, and the duration of stimulation is signaled by the time course of firing. The spike trains below each finger indicate the action potentials evoked by pressure from a small probe at the center of the receptive field. Two of these receptors (Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles) adapt rapidly to constant stimulation, while the other two adapt slowly. The sensory systems
6 Sensory Systems and Modalities Sensory system Modality Stimulus energy Receptor class Receptor cell types 1 Visual Vision Light Photoreceptor Rods, cones Auditory Hearing Sound Mechanoreceptor Hair cells (cochlea) Vestibular Balance Gravity Mechanoreceptor Hair cells (vestibular labyrinth) Somatosensory Somatic senses: Dorsal root ganglion neurons Touch Pressure Mechanoreceptor Cutaneous mechanoreceptors Proprioception Displacement Mechanoreceptor Muscle and joint receptors Temperature sense Thermal Thermoreceptor Cold and warm receptors Pain Chemical, thermal, or Chemoreceptor, Polymodal, thermal, mechanical thermoreceptor, or mechanoreceptor and mechanical nociceptors Itch Chemical Chemoreceptor Chemical nociceptor Gustatory Taste Chemical Chemoreceptor Taste buds Olfactory Smell Chemical Chemoreceptor Olfactory sensory neurons 1 Receptor cell types are further specialized, forming the cellular basis for submodalities.
7 Mechanoreceptors Stretch-sensitive ion channels in the nerve membrane are linked to the cytoskeleton by the protein spectrin. Mechanical deformation of the membrane opens these ion channel.
8 Mechanoreceptors Upper records show the depolarizing receptor potentials recorded from the sensory axon when the muscle spindle is stretched to different lengths. Lower records show the amplitude and rate of stretch. Action potentials in this nerve have been blocked with tetrodotoxin to allow analysis of the receptor potentials Patch clamp records of a single stretch-sensitive channel recorded from skeletal myocytes. Pressure is applied to the receptor cell membrane by suction. At rest (top record) the stretch-sensitive channel opens sporadically for short time intervals, producing a transient depolarizing current. As the pressure on the membrane is increased (lower records), the channel opens more often and remains in the open state for longer time intervals (indicated by the bar above the channel openings)
9 Chemoreceptors A1. The olfactory hair cell is a chemoreceptor that mediates the sense of smell. The olfactory cilia on the mucosal surface bind specific odorant molecules and depolarize the sensory nerve via a second-messenger system. The firing rate signals the concentration of odorant in the inspired air. A2. Chemoelectric transduction is produced when the appropriate odorant binds to a receptor protein on the cell membrane, which activates G proteins linked to the receptor. Channel opening and depolarization in olfactory receptors and certain gustatory receptors are mediated by a second messenger (camp) stimulated by G protein activation. A3. Receptor currents evoked by the appropriate odorant. (Reproduced with permission from Maue and Dionne 1987).
10 The Receptive Fields of Sensory Neurons Each receptor responds only to stimulation within its receptive field. A stimulus that affects an area larger than the receptive field of one receptor will activate adjacent receptors. The size of a stimulus therefore influences the total number of receptors that are stimulated. A large object, such as a basketball, held between both hands will contact and activate more touch receptors than a pencil grasped between the thumb and index finger. A patch of skin contains many overlapping receptive fields innervated by individual sensory nerve fibers.
11 Density of sensory receptors in the retina As the density of receptors increases, and the size of the receptive field of each receptor decreases, the spatial detail becomes clearer Spatial resolution for vision and touch parallels the density of receptors in the retina and skin. Spatial resolution on the fingertips approaches that of the image in D. Receptor density and tactile sensitivity on the palm is similar to the resolution in C. Resolution of spatial detail on the forearm approaches that in image B, while on the trunk it is similar to that in image A.
12 Adaptation Rates of Receptors Slowly adapting mechanoreceptors: Respond throughout a continuous stimulus. Each successive trace illustrates the response to increases in the pressure applied to the skin; the trace below each spike record illustrates the amplitude and time course of the stimulus. Increased pressure increases number of action potentials and higher firing rates. The firing rate is higher at the beginning of skin contact than during steady pressure, as these receptors also sense how rapidly pressure is applied to the skin. When the probe is removed from the skin, the spike activity ceases. (Adapted from Mountcastle et al )
13 Adaptation Rates of Receptors Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors: Respond only at the beginning and end of the stimulus, signaling the rate at which the stimulus is applied or removed. The slope of the pressure pulse indicates the speed of skin indentation in millimeters per second; all the stimuli have the same final amplitude. Slowly applied pressure evokes a long-lasting burst of low frequency firing; rapid indentation produces a very brief burst of high frequency firing. Motion of the probe against the skin is signaled by both the rate and duration of firing of this receptor. The receptor is silent when the indentation is maintained at a fixed amplitude and fires again when the probe is removed from the skin. (Adapted from Talbot et al )
14 Two-point discrimination varies throughout the body surface. The two-point threshold measures the minimum distance at which two stimuli are resolved as distinct. At smaller separations the stimuli are blurred into a single sensation. The two-point threshold varies for different body regions; it is about 2 mm on the finger tip but increases to 10 mm on the palm and 40 mm on the arm. The two-point thresholds highlighted in pink match the diameter of the corresponding receptive fields shown in pink on the body. The greatest discriminative capacity is afforded in the finger tips, lips, and tongue, which have the smallest diameter of receptive fields. (Adapted from Weinstein 1968.) Two-point discrimination
Psychophysical laws. Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 )
Psychophysical laws Legge di Weber: ΔS=K*S Legge di Fechner: I=K*log(S/S 0 ) Sensory receptors Vision Smell Taste Touch Thermal senses Pain Hearing Balance Proprioception Sensory receptors Table 21-1 Classification
More informationSomatosensory modalities!
Somatosensory modalities! The somatosensory system codes five major sensory modalities:! 1. Discriminative touch! 2. Proprioception (body position and motion)! 3. Nociception (pain and itch)! 4. Temperature!
More informationSensation Chapter 46
Sensation Chapter 46 Natasha McDougal and Kaleb Hood Background and Purpose Nerve impulses occur because of a change in action potential Graded potentials in the dendrites and cell body can have either
More informationCHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
CHAPTER 10 THE SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM 10.1. SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES "Somatosensory" is really a catch-all term to designate senses other than vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell. Receptors that could
More informationPHGY Physiology. SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Sensory Receptors. Martin Paré
PHGY 212 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Sensory Receptors Martin Paré Assistant Professor of Physiology & Psychology pare@biomed.queensu.ca http://brain.phgy.queensu.ca/pare Sensory Systems Question:
More informationSomatosensation. Recording somatosensory responses. Receptive field response to pressure
Somatosensation Mechanoreceptors that respond to touch/pressure on the surface of the body. Sensory nerve responds propotional to pressure 4 types of mechanoreceptors: Meissner corpuscles & Merkel discs
More informationPHGY 210,2,4 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY. Martin Paré
PHGY 210,2,4 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Martin Paré Associate Professor of Physiology & Psychology pare@biomed.queensu.ca http://brain.phgy.queensu.ca/pare PHGY 210,2,4 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
More informationHow strong is it? What is it? Where is it? What must sensory systems encode? 9/8/2010. Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination
Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination What must sensory systems encode? How strong is it? What is it? Where is it? When the brain wants to keep certain types of information distinct,
More informationSpatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination
Spatial Coding: Receptive Fields and Tactile Discrimination What must sensory systems encode? How strong is it? What is it? Where is it? When the brain wants to keep certain types of information distinct,
More informationChapter 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems Sensation n Conscious and subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment. n Components of sensation: Stimulation of the sensory
More informationTouch PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 33. Touch perception
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Touch perception Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light,
More informationPSY 310: Sensory and Perceptual Processes 1
Touch PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 33 Why is the Braille system better? Vision and audition involve perception of objects from a distance Safe and dependent on the transfer of energy (light, air pressure)
More informationPhysiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Sensory System Sensory information Conscious sensations Unconscious sensations Sensory processing Transferring stimulus energy into a graded potential
More informationراما ندى أسامة الخضر. Faisal Muhammad
22 راما ندى أسامة الخضر Faisal Muhammad Revision Last time we started talking about sensory receptors, we defined them and talked about the mechanism of their reaction. Now we will talk about sensory receptors,
More informationSomatic Sensation (MCB160 Lecture by Mu-ming Poo, Friday March 9, 2007)
Somatic Sensation (MCB160 Lecture by Mu-ming Poo, Friday March 9, 2007) Introduction Adrian s work on sensory coding Spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia Four somatic sense modalities Touch Mechanoreceptors
More informationCollin County Community College. BIOL 2401 : Anatomy/ Physiology PNS
Collin County Community College BIOL 2401 : Anatomy/ Physiology PNS Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) PNS all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord Includes sensory receptors, peripheral nerves,
More informationNeurobiology Biomed 509 Sensory transduction References: Luo , ( ), , M4.1, M6.2
Neurobiology Biomed 509 Sensory transduction References: Luo 4.1 4.8, (4.9 4.23), 6.22 6.24, M4.1, M6.2 I. Transduction The role of sensory systems is to convert external energy into electrical signals
More informationNeuronal Circuits and Neuronal Pools
Neuronal Circuits and Neuronal Pools Anatomical Orientation Clinical Orientation Atlas Fig. 6-24 The Reality of the Clinical Environment Atlas Fig. 6-24A One Cardinal Plane to Learn AND Understand
More informationSensory information processing, somato-sensory systems
mm? Sensory information processing, somato-sensory systems Recommended literature 1. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM (2000) Principles of Neural Science, McGraw-Hill, Ch. xx. 2. Berne EM, Levy MN, Koeppen
More informationSomatosensory System. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Somatosensory System Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News Dr. Riedl s review session this week: Tuesday (Oct 10) 4-5pm in MCB 3-146B 2 Sensory Systems Sensory
More informationThe Somatosensory System
The Somatosensory System Reading: BCP Chapter 12 cerebrovortex.com Divisions of the Somatosensory System Somatosensory System Exteroceptive External stimuli Proprioceptive Body position Interoceptive Body
More informationSomatic Sensory System I. Background
Somatic Sensory System I. Background A. Differences between somatic senses and other senses 1. Receptors are distributed throughout the body as opposed to being concentrated at small, specialized locations
More informationThere Are 5 Different Types Of Sensory Receptors* *Note: Not all are touch (somatic) receptors.
1 First, a bit of information relating to receptors: From sensory organ to sensory organ, receptors work in fundamentally the same way A receptor is always the dendrite of a sensory neuron or a specialized
More informationBi/CNS/NB 150: Neuroscience. November 11, 2015 SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM. Ralph Adolphs
Bi/CNS/NB 150: Neuroscience November 11, 2015 SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM Ralph Adolphs 1 Menu for today Touch -peripheral -central -plasticity Pain 2 Sherrington (1948): senses classified as --teloreceptive
More informationCopyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Outline Nervous System Sensory Systems I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Biol 105 Lecture 11 Chapter 9 Senses Sensory receptors Touch Vision Hearing and balance Smell Senses Sensory receptor cells Sensory receptors
More informationHow can we go about studying the neuronal processes involved in sensation and perception?
How can we go about studying the neuronal processes involved in sensation and perception? quantified sensory input sensory coding psychophysi cs neuronal activity decoding, decision making percept, behavior
More informationPhysiology of Tactile Sensation
Physiology of Tactile Sensation Objectives: 1. Describe the general structural features of tactile sensory receptors how are first order nerve fibers specialized to receive tactile stimuli? 2. Understand
More informationIII: To define the mechanoreceptive and thermoreceptive sensations.
Somatic Sensations I: To explain the proper way of sensory testing. II: To describe the somatic sensations. III: To define the mechanoreceptive and thermoreceptive sensations. SOMATIC SENSATIONS Somatic
More informationBaraa Ayed. Salsabeel Fleifel. Faisal Muhammad
23 Baraa Ayed Salsabeel Fleifel Faisal Muhammad Review for the previous lecture: - Last time, we talked about receptors and the objectives to define receptors. We define receptors as transducers that convert
More informationSENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM & SENSORY RECEPTORS. Dr. Ayisha Qureshi Professor MBBS, MPhil
SENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM & SENSORY RECEPTORS Dr. Ayisha Qureshi Professor MBBS, MPhil Sensory Deprivation Tank Is the world really as we perceive it? Is the world really as we perceive it? NO. The world
More informationSensory coding and somatosensory system
Sensory coding and somatosensory system Sensation and perception Perception is the internal construction of sensation. Perception depends on the individual experience. Three common steps in all senses
More informationChap Senses. 1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect.
Carl Christensen, PhD Chap. 17 - Senses Bio. 2304 Human Anatomy 1. Give an example of something a general sensory receptor would detect. 2. Classification of Sensory Receptors a. mechanoreceptors b. thermoreceptors
More informationTASTE: Taste buds are the sense organs that respond to gustatory stimuli. Chemoreceptors that respond to chemicals broken down from food in the saliva
UNIT 5: Nervous System- Senses Somatic Senses Somatic senses are associated with receptors in the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera (organs of the body) Include senses of touch, pressure, temperature,
More informationChapter 18 Senses SENSORY RECEPTION 10/21/2011. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations
SENSORY RECEPTION Chapter 18 Senses s convert stimulus energy to action potentials s 1. Are specialized cells, or 2. Specialized endings that detect stimuli All stimuli are forms of energy s in eyes detect
More informationCHAPTER 16 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 16 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The components of the brain interact to receive sensory input, integrate and store the information, and transmit motor responses. B. To accomplish the primary
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 21 Adapted form Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Overview of Sensations (p. 652) 1. Sensation is the conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli. 2. For a sensation
More informationThe How of Tactile Sensation
The How of Tactile Sensation http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter02.html Chris Cohan, Ph.D. Dept. of Pathology/Anat Sci University at Buffalo Objectives 1. Understand how sensory stimuli are encoded
More informationIntroduction. Senses our perception of what is out there 2 groups. General senses Special senses
Introduction Senses our perception of what is out there 2 groups General senses Special senses Central Processing and Adaptation Adaptation the loss of sensitivity after continuous stimulation Tonic receptors
More informationCOGS 107B Week 1. Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm
COGS 107B Week 1 Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm Before We Begin... Hyun Ji 4th year Cognitive Behavioral Neuroscience Email: hji@ucsd.edu In subject, always add [COGS107B] Office hours: Wednesdays, 3-4pm in
More informationClass 11: Touch, Smell and Taste PSY 302 Lecture Notes October 3, 2017
Katie Cutaneous (skin) Senses: Somatosenses: Class 11: Touch, Smell and Taste PSY 302 Lecture Notes October 3, 2017 Cutaneous senses (touch) Kinesthesia, proprioception: joint and muscle stretch information,
More informationSensory Pathways & Somatic Nervous System. Chapter 15
Sensory Pathways & Somatic Nervous System Chapter 15 How Does Brain Differentiate Sensations? Pain impulses make brain aware of injuries and infections. Impulses from eye, ear, nose and tongue make brain
More informationSENSATION AND PERCEPTION
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION CHAPTER 5 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe transduction, sensation, and perception for the following sensory systems: Vision Audition (hearing) Skin and body Touch Pain Chemical
More informationChapter 18. The Senses SENSORY RECEPTION. Introduction: Superhuman Senses. Introduction: Superhuman Senses
Introduction: Superhuman Senses Chapter 18 The Senses! Three senses found in some animals but not humans Echolocation locating objects by detecting echoes of emitted sound waves Electroreception ability
More informationOverview of Questions
Overview of Questions What are the sensors in the skin, what do they respond to and how is this transmitted to the brain? How does the brain represent touch information? What is the system for sensing
More informationTouch. Lecture Notes 10/3 -Brenna
Lecture Notes 10/3 -Brenna Touch Cutaneous Sense Somatosenses o Cutaneous sense (touch) o Kinesthesia, proprioception: joint and muscle stretch information, giving body position (proprioception) and dynamics
More informationSkin types: hairy and glabrous (e.g. back vs. palm of hand)
Lecture 19 revised 03/10 The Somatic Sensory System Skin- the largest sensory organ we have Also protects from evaporation, infection. Skin types: hairy and glabrous (e.g. back vs. palm of hand) 2 major
More informationActive sensing. Ehud Ahissar 1
Active sensing Ehud Ahissar 1 Active sensing Passive vs active touch Comparison across senses Basic coding principles -------- Perceptual loops Sensation-targeted motor control Proprioception Controlled
More informationChapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses
Chapter 14: The Cutaneous Senses Somatosensory System There are three parts Cutaneous senses - perception of touch and pain from stimulation of the skin Proprioception - ability to sense position of the
More informationCh. 9 Sensory Systems. Steps of sensation and perception
Ch. 9 Sensory Systems Sensation = information about environmental conditions (inside or outside of the body) is detected and sent to CNS Vs. perception = consciously aware of sensation (only ~1% of sensations
More informationThe Senses. Chapter 10 7/8/11. Introduction
Chapter 10 The Senses Introduction A. Sensory receptors detect changes in the environment and stimulate neurons to send nerve impulses to the brain. B. A sensation is formed based on the sensory input.
More informationAnatomical Substrates of Somatic Sensation
Anatomical Substrates of Somatic Sensation John H. Martin, Ph.D. Center for Neurobiology & Behavior Columbia University CPS The 2 principal somatic sensory systems: 1) Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system
More information-Detect heat or cold and help maintain body temperature
Sensory Receptors -Transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the central nervous system -Reception occurs when a receptor detectd a stimulus -Perception occurs in the brain as this information
More informationCh. 47 Somatic Sensations: Tactile and Position Senses (Reading Homework) - Somatic senses: three types (1) Mechanoreceptive somatic senses: tactile
Ch. 47 Somatic Sensations: Tactile and Position Senses (Reading Homework) - Somatic senses: three types (1) Mechanoreceptive somatic senses: tactile and position sensations (2) Thermoreceptive senses:
More informationSensory and Motor Mechanisms
Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
More informationChapter 7. Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses. Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2004
Chapter 7 Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display,
More informationChapter 29 The Senses
Chapter 29 The Senses PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko
More informationChapter 15! Chapter 15 Sensory Pathways, Somatic Nervous System! Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System!
Chapter 15! Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the SECTION 15-2! Sensory receptors connect our internal and external environments with the nervous system! 2 Sensation and Receptors! Transduction!
More informationSOMATOSENSORY SYSTEMS
SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEMS Schematic diagram illustrating the neural pathways that convey somatosensory information to the cortex and, subsequently, to the motor system. Double arrows show reciprocal connections.
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 49. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 49 2 of 49 Sensory Receptors Neurons that react directly to stimuli from the environment are called sensory receptors. Sensory receptors react to stimuli by sending impulses to other neurons
More informationUnit VIII Problem 1 Physiology: Sensory Pathway
Unit VIII Problem 1 Physiology: Sensory Pathway - Process of sensation: Sensory receptors: they are specialized cells considered as biologic signal transducers which can detect stimuli and convert them
More informationChemoreception. Taste, Smell, Touch
Chemoreception Taste, Smell, Touch Sensory receptors Rely on the transfer of matter and energy Molecular transfer Chemical receptors Energy transfer Conduction The transfer of heat (kinetic energy) by
More informationPhysiology of human perception
Physiology of human perception Vision Hearing Thermal and tactile sensations Basic introduction and the list and description of the tasks to be carried out Visible light: 400-700 nm. Vision or sight Anatomy
More informationChapter 15 Lecture Outline
Chapter 15 Lecture Outline See separate PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables preinserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction
More information1. Tactile sensibility. Use a wisp of cotton-wool or a fine camel-fir brush. If it is desired to test the sensibility or the skin to light touch over
SENSORY EXAMINATION 1. Tactile sensibility. Use a wisp of cotton-wool or a fine camel-fir brush. If it is desired to test the sensibility or the skin to light touch over a hairy part, it is essential to
More informationSpecial Senses. Mechanoreception Electroreception Chemoreception Others
Special Senses Mechanoreception Electroreception Chemoreception Others Recall our receptor types Chemically regulated: Respond to particular chemicals Voltage regulated: respond to changing membrane potential
More information1. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movements?
Section: Chapter 10: Multiple Choice 1. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movements? p.358 frontal lobe hippocampus basal ganglia cerebellum 2. The prefrontal cortex is
More informationOverview of Sensory Receptors
Sensory Systems Chapter 45 Overview of Sensory Receptors Sensory receptors provide information from our internal and external environments that is crucial for survival and success -Exteroceptors sense
More informationSMELL 2
SENSORY SYSTEMS 1 SMELL 2 TASTE 3 HEARING 4 TOUCH EQUILIBRIUM 5 PAIN 6 OTHER SENSES 7 HOW DO SENSORY CELLS CONVERT STIMULI INTO ACTION POTENTIALS? HOW DO SENSORY SYSTEMS DETECT CHEMICAL STIMULI? HOW DO
More informationSynapses. Excitatory synapses
Synapses Sensory cells located at the periphery of the body, initiate and conduct signals to the brain and provide various sensory inputs such as vision, hearing, posture, and so on. Providing information
More informationChapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions I. Sensation.
Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions I. Sensation A. General Organization 1. General senses have receptors a. The somatic senses provide information about & 1. Somatic senses include: a.
More informationCOGS 107B Week 2. Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm
COGS 107B Week 2 Hyun Ji Friday 4:00-4:50pm Lecture 3: Proprioception Principles: The Neuron Doctrine and The Law of Dynamic Polarization Proprioception Joint-protecting reflexes (ex. Knee jerk reflex)
More informationSensory Processes Sensory Systems
9 th Lecture (9b) Wed 04 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Sensory Processing Chapter 13 1 Sensory Processes Sensory Systems
More informationSensory Processes Sensory Systems
9 th Lecture (9b) Wed 04 Feb 2009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 2009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Sensory Processes Sensory Systems Ch13 in your text Sensory Processing
More informationSensation and Perception. 8.2 The Senses
Sensation and Perception 8.2 The Senses I. Introduction A. You probably think that you have just five senses: vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. In addition, people have two more internal senses:
More informationPage 1. Neurons Transmit Signal via Action Potentials: neuron At rest, neurons maintain an electrical difference across
Chapter 33: The Nervous System and the Senses Neurons: Specialized excitable cells that allow for communication throughout the body via electrical impulses Neuron Anatomy / Function: 1) Dendrites: Receive
More informationSensory system: Interrelations among the tactile sensations يسمللا ساسحلااof Touch, Pressure, and Vibration.
Sensory system: Interrelations among the tactile sensations اللمسي ofاالحساس Touch, Pressure, and Vibration. Although touch, pressure, and vibration are frequently classified as separate sensations, they
More informationNeural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
15 Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and
More informationSensory Physiology. Background Basics. Oscar Hechter, in Biology and Medicine into the 21st Century, 1991
10 Sensory Physiology General Properties of Sensory Systems Receptors Are Sensitive to Particular Forms of Energy Sensory Transduction Converts Stimuli into Graded Potentials A Sensory Neuron Has a Receptive
More informationChapter 13 PNS and reflex activity
Chapter 13 PNS and reflex activity I. Peripheral nervous system A. PNS links CNS to the body B. Sensory: the afferent division C. Motor: the efferent division D. Ganglia: collections of cell bodies in
More informationSENSATION & PERCEPTION
SENSATION & PERCEPTION Sensation and perception result from a symphony of sensory receptors and the neurons those receptors communicate with. The receptors and neurons fire in different combinations and
More informationCarlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited
More information6 Somatosensitivity, viscerosensititvity, proprioception and pain II
6 Somatosensitivity, viscerosensititvity, proprioception and pain II Simple Complex Receptors General Superficial somatosensors Deep viscerosensors Muscles, tendons, joints proprioceptors Special Part
More informationBIO 115 Anatomy & Physiology II Practice Assignment 4: The Nervous System & The Senses This is not a required assignment but it is recommended.
BIO 115 Anatomy & Physiology II Practice Assignment 4: The Nervous System & The Senses This is not a required assignment but it is recommended. 1. This figure depicts a typical neuron. What structures
More informationSensory Systems. BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues. Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire
BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 9 Sensory Systems Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of Hawaii Honolulu
More informationSensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception Sensation & Perception The interplay between the external world, physiological systems, and psychological experience How the external world makes impressions on our nervous system
More informationThe Nervous System: General and Special Senses Pearson Education, Inc.
18 The Nervous System: General and Special Senses Introduction Sensory information arrives at the CNS Information is picked up by sensory receptors Sensory receptors are the interface between the nervous
More informationYR 2 NERVOUS, SENSE ORGANS, ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
YR 2 NERVOUS, SENSE ORGANS, ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS Station A: Neurons and Reflex Arc Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Use the Diagram 1 in answering Questions 1-5. 1. Give the name and functions of the structure labeled
More informationInterrelations among the tactile sensations االمسسا ofاالحساس Touch, Pressure, and Vibration. Although touch, pressure, and vibration are frequently c
Sensory system Interrelations among the tactile sensations االمسسا ofاالحساس Touch, Pressure, and Vibration. Although touch, pressure, and vibration are frequently classified as separate sensations, they
More informationGuess: Correct or Incorrect. Trial (perform in random order)
AP Biology Senses Lab Names Per. Our senses are constantly bombarded with various stimuli from the environment, which are relayed to the central nervous system where the information is interpreted. In
More informationSensation and Perception
Sensation and Perception Sensation & Perception The interplay between the external world, physiological systems, and psychological experience How the external world makes impressions on our nervous system
More informationThe Senses. Lab Exercise 30. Objectives. Introduction
Lab Exercise The Senses Objectives - Become familiar with some of the sensory cells found in the skin - Learn about the sensory structures used for smell and taste. - Be able to determine the areas of
More informationModule H NERVOUS SYSTEM
Module H NERVOUS SYSTEM Topic from General functions of the nervous system Organization of the nervous system from both anatomical & functional perspectives Gross & microscopic anatomy of nervous tissue
More informationPain and Temperature Objectives
Pain and Temperature Objectives 1. Describe the types of sensory receptors that transmit pain and temperature. 2. Understand how axon diameter relates to transmission of pain and temp information. 3. Describe
More informationBiology. A Guide to the Natural World. Chapter 27 Lecture Outline Communication and Control 1: The Nervous System. Fifth Edition.
Biology A Guide to the Natural World Chapter 27 Lecture Outline Communication and Control 1: The Nervous System Fifth Edition David Krogh The Nervous System Nervous tissue is composed of two kinds of cells:
More informationIntroduction to sensory pathways. Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017
Introduction to sensory pathways Gatsby / SWC induction week 25 September 2017 Studying sensory systems: inputs and needs Stimulus Modality Robots Sensors Biological Sensors Outputs Light Vision Photodiodes
More informationCOGS 107B. TA: Alexander Johnson Office Hours: Fridays Before Section 10am - 11:50 Mandeville Coffee Cart
COGS 107B TA: Alexander Johnson abj009@ucsd.edu Office Hours: Fridays Before Section 10am - 11:50 Mandeville Coffee Cart Week 3 Have covered so far (all on midterm): Neuron Doctrine & System Basics Somatosensory
More informationTEST 4. Modules 7 & 8
TEST 4 Modules 7 & 8 Questions from the GVLS website 1. Endo - 2. Exo - 3. Para - 4. Toc - 5. Diure - 6. Trophic - 7. Glyco - 8. Thyro - 9. Ovario Endocrine System - Hormone - Gland - Endocrine Gland -
More informationChapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System Objectives: 1. Define peripheral nervous system and list its components. 2. Classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location.
More informationMechanosensation. Central Representation of Touch. Wilder Penfield. Somatotopic Organization
Mechanosensation Central Representation of Touch Touch and tactile exploration Vibration and pressure sensations; important for clinical testing Limb position sense John H. Martin, Ph.D. Center for Neurobiology
More informationPERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CHAPTER 13 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Functional division of nervous system = afferent info to the CNS ascending spinal cord = efferent info from CNS descending spinal cord somatic skin, muscles visceral
More information