TYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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1 TYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
2 Acetylcholine (ACH) Deals with motor movement and memory. Too much and you will. Too little and you will Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer s disease.
3 Serotonin Involved in mood control. Lack of serotonin has been linked to clinical depression.
4 Dopamine Deals with motor movement and alertness. Lack of dopamine has been linked to Parkinson s disease. Too much has been linked to schizophrenia.
5 Endorphins Involved in pain control. Many of our most addictive drugs deal with endorphins.
6 Select Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine (Ach) Involved in muscle movement and memory (undersupply - ALZ) Serotonin Involved in mood and sleep (Undersupply - Depression) Dopamine Involved in movement and reward systems (Excess -Schizophrenia, undersupply - Parkinson s ) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) Inhibitory NT (undersupply seizures, tremors, insomnia) Norepinephrine Involved in arousal, mood, and sympathetic nervous system activation (Bipolar) Endorphins elevate pleasure/mood and reduce pain, act by either increasing or decreasing specific NT activity, mimic effects of opium based drugs like morphine
7 Neural Communication Serotonin Pathways Dopamine Pathways
8 Drugs can be.. Agonists- make neuron fire Antagonists- stop neural firing Reuptake Inhibitors- block reuptake
9 Some Drugs work on receptors Some drugs are shaped like neurotransmitters Antagonists : fit the receptor but poorly and block the NT e.g. beta blockers(beta blockers block the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine(noradrenaline) part of the sympathetic nervous systemwhich mediates the "fight or flight" response.) Agonists : fit receptor well and act like the NT e.g. nicotine
10 Neural Communication Neurotransmitter molecule Receiving cell membrane Receptor site on receiving neuron Agonist mimics neurotransmitter Antagonist blocks neurotransmitter
11 Neural Communication: The Neural Chain
12 Neurons and Synapses Types of Neurons Sensory Motor Interneurons
13 Motor Neurons Nerves that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system Carries messages from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of your body Sensory Neuron Brain Spinal Cord Motor Neuron
14 Sensory Neurons Nerves that carry incoming information to the central nervous system Connect the sense organs to the brain Sensory Neuron Brain Spinal Cord and spinal cord
15 Interneurons Connect the other 2 neurons. Only found in the brain and spinal cord. Sensory Neuron Brain Spinal Cord Motor Neuron
16 A Neural Chain
17 The Structure of the Nervous System
18 A Simplified Neural Network Neurons that learn to work together as a team.
19 The Nervous System Nervous System the body s speedy, electrochemical communication system consists of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems Nerves neural cables containing many axons part of the peripheral nervous system connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
20 The Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) the brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) All nerves that are not encased in bone Everything but the brain and spinal cord the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to muscles and organs (Peripheral = outer region) Divided into two parts Somatic Autonomic
21 The Nervous System
22 Subparts of the nervous system
23 Somatic Nervous System Controls voluntary muscle movement Uses motor neurons
24 Autonomic Nervous System Controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs Monitors the autonomic functions Controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive processes Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
25 Sympathetic Nervous System The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats Automatically accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates pupils, slows down digestion Fight or flight response
26 Parasympathetic Nervous System Automatically slows the body down after a stressful event Calms the body Heart rate and breathing slow down, pupils constrict and digestion speeds up
27 Normally, sensory (afferent) neurons take info up through spine to the brain. Some reactions occur when sensory neurons reach just the spinal cord. Survival adaptation. Reflexes
28 The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
29 The Endocrine System
30 Endocrine System A second type of communication system in the body made up of a network of glands that produce hormones--chemical messengers that circulate in the blood Examples of hormones: Estrogen/testosterone Thyroid growth hormone follicle-stimulating hormone
31 Hormone Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and circulated in the blood Similar to neurotransmitters in that they are also messengers Slower communication system, but with longer lasting effects Hormones Neurotransmitters
32 Endocrine System/ Endocrine Glands
Nervous System (cont)
Nervous System (cont) Dopamine Deals with motor movement and alertness. Lack of dopamine has been linked to Parkinson s disease. Too much has been linked to schizophrenia. Endorphins Involved in pain control.
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