Name: Group: SINGLE CHOICE

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1 A Name: Group: 1. Who invented the drug Prontosil? A Alexander Fleming B Dimitrij Ivanovskij C Gerhard Domagk D Ilya Metchnikov E Paul Ehrlich SINGLE CHOICE 2. Who discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis? A Semmelweis Ignác B Joseph Lister C Robert Koch D Lady Montague E Edward Jenner 3. The lag phase of bacterial growth is characterized by A increase in cell number; the intensity of increase is dependent on the generation time B bacteria prepare for the division C toxic material accumulates D the generation time elongates, proliferation gets slower E the viable count is constant, endogenous metabolism, secondary metabolites are formed 4. Which one of these is characteristic for the bacterial cytoplasm? A Mitochondrium B Golgi apparate C Ribosomes D Endoplasmic reticule E contains 50 % water 5. Components of the Gram negative cell wall, except: A teichoic acid B Bayer adhesion zone C LPS D porins E Braun lipoproteins 6. NOD1 and RIG A Both are intracellular pathogen recognizing receptors (PRRs) B Both are soluble PRRs C Both are expressed on cell surface D Both recognize viral RNA E Both are in the cytoplasm of bacteria.

2 7. The binding of B7 to CD28 initiates... A NK activation B Maturation of dendritic cells C T cell activation D all of them E none of them 8. Which one of the following is NOT true of class I MHC antigens? A They are recognized by CD8 T cells B They are controlled by at least three gene loci in the major histocompatibiliy complex C They are found on the cells in complex with peptides D They are found mainly on B cells, macrophages, and activated T cells E They inhibit NK activity 9. Superantigens connect A TCR beta chain + MHC II B TCR beta chain + TLR2 C MHC I + TLR4 D TLR4 + BCR E BCR + TCR beta chain 10. The TAP-1/TAP-2 molecules are important in the processing and presentation of A Bacterial cell wall carbohydrate components B Phagocytic uptake of bacterial protein components C Nucleic acids originated from tumours or viruses D Proteins/peptides originated from tumours or viruses E Synthetic viral proteins used for vaccination 11. A delayed type hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by: A Oedema without a cellular infiltrates B An infiltrate composed of neutrophils C An infiltrate composed of helper T cells and macrophages D An infiltrate composed of eosinophils E An infiltrate caused by platelet aggregation 12. Which one is NOT true in connection with DC Agar? A Contains Deoxycholate B Growth of the Gram-positive bacteria is inhibited C Commonly used to culture Shigella species D Commonly used to culture Bordetella pertussis E Contains Citrate 2

3 13. Which method is used to determine the viable count of bacterial cells? A Colony counting B Wright s method C Counting in Buerker s chamber D Nephelometric method E Disinfection 14. Which one is NOT true for Elek s test? A Precipitation B Used to detect diphtheria toxin production C Immunodiffusion technique D Complement fixation test E Precipitin line in positive cases 15. What is characteristic for autoimmune diseases? A Multifactorial origin B No IgM autoantibodies in the healthy C Always systemic D More common in males E No roles of genetic factors in the pathogenesis 16. HLA-genes are: A Extremely polymorphic B have 3 or 4 different alleles C Recessively inherited D Found on chromosome 8 E Evolutionary highly conserved 17. The half life time of the circulating IgG molecules A 2 days B 5 days C 6 months D 12 months E days 18. Which of the following statements is true regarding the allelic exclusion? A If the first rearrangement is non-productive, the heavy chain allele on the other chromosome can complete VDJ rearrangement B Following allelic exclusion an individual B cell is able to produce different types of antibodies C It is a common feature of the Ig superfamily D ICAM-1 plays an important role in the initiation of the process E If a μ protein is produced from the recombined heavy chain locus on one chromosome, rearrangement on the other chromosome is not inhibited. 3

4 19. The FR sequences of Ig molecules A are peptide sequences with high variability B are conservative segments with constant amino acid order C are cytokine-binding molecules D can bind C5a molecule E contain lipid 20. Which enzyme cleaves the hair-pin loops during the rearrangement of Ig genes? A RAG1 B RAG2 C Artemis D TdT E Ku Which of the following is not a member of the Ig superfamily? A ICAM1 B CD4 C TCR D CD28 E IL What is characteristic for IgG molecule? A it appears first time during the primary infection B J chain is the part of the molecule C the big part of the antibacterial and antiviral antibodies belong to this isotype D it has two isotypes E it has important role during parasitic infection 23. Feature of the IgM molecule A agglutinating antibodies are IgM B SC chain is the part of the molecule C it has two isotypes D it can get through the placenta E it has important role during parasitic infection 24. What is characteristic for IgA molecule? A it contains 1 heavy, 1 light chain and a J chain B poly-igr has important role in the transport of this molecule C it has four isotypes D it occurs sparsely in the secretion E it has important role during parasitic infection 4

5 25. A soluble molecule which plays a role in the regulation of the complement system A DAF B MCP C C1 inhibitor D IL-2 E perforin 26. A molecule which transmits a negative signal for the B cells A CD4 B CD8 C FC RIIB D CR2 E CR1 27. What are the features of humoral immune response against T-dependent antigens? A development of memory cells B no isotype switching C no affinity maturation D antigens are mostly polysaccharides E can develop in athymic mice 28. What are the features of humoral immune response against T-independent antigens? A memory cells develop B isotype switching is typical C affinity maturation is typical D antigens are mostly polysaccharides E can develop in athymic mice 29. Short-lived plasma cells are produced in A extrafollicular foci B germinal centre C bone marrow D thymus E Langerhans islets 30. What is the characteristic of B1 lymphocytes? A monospecific B protein are recognised by them mainly C high somatic hypermutation D produces mainly IgG E proliferate with asymetric division 5

6 MULTIPLE CHOICE A B C D E 1., 2., 3. true 1., 3. true 2., 4. true 4. true all is true 31. Which genes are present in the class III MHC locus? 1. TNF 2. IgG 3. Complement 4. HLA G 32. How can escape viruses the MHCI-mediated antigen presentation? 1. Inhibition of the proteosome function 2. Inhibition of NADPH activity 3. Inhibition of TAP function 4. Increasing the camp 33. Which methods belong to living/unstained specimens? 1. Temporary wet-mount technique 2. Wet-mount capsule preparation 3. Hanging-drop method 4. Gram s staining 34. Which dyes are used in Gram s staining method? 1. Carbol malachite-green 2. Gram A-B solution 3. Chrisoidin 4. Fuchsin 35. Test in connection with nitrogen metabolism: 1. Urease test 2. Indole production 3. H 2 S production 4. Glucose utilisation test 36. Basic mechanisms of self tolerance: 1. Clonal deletion 2. Clonal anergy 3. Clonal ignorance 4. Suppressor immune mechanisms 37. Graft rejection can develop in case of: 1. allotransplantation 2. autotransplantation 3. xenotransplantation 4. syngeneic transplantation 6

7 38. Types of graft rejection: 1. Acute 2. Hyperacute 3. Chronic 4. Subacute 39. Most important cytokines released by macrophages stimulated with bacteria: 1. TNF-α 2. IL-1 3. IL-8 4. IL Which of the HLA is expressed on trophoblasts? 1. HLA DP 2. HLA DQ 3. HLA DR 4. HLA G 41. The effector functions of the antibodies: 1. Opsonisation 2. Neutralisation 3. Activation of the complement system 4. ADCC 42. It plays a role in the lectin mediated pathway of the complement system 1. IgG 2. ficolin 3. IgA 4. MBL 43. The role of the C3a and C5a molecules 1. production of IL-2 2. initiation of the maturation of dendritic cells 3. production of IL activation of granulocytes and hystiocytes 7

8 ANALYSIS OF RELATION A= both parts of the statement are true, and there is correlation between them B= both parts of the statement are true, but they do not correlate C= first part of the statement is true on its own, the second part is false D= first part of the statement is false, the second part is true on its own E=both parts of the statement are false 44. The volutin granulates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is stained by Schaffer- Foulton s method, because these cells hardly take up the dye. 45. Blueish-green discolouring is characteristic for the colonies and the surroundings of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, because Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces hydrophilic pigments. 46. A graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) is accompanied by tissue injury, because donor T cells recognize the foreign Ag-s of the recipient and effector mechanisms are initiated. 47. The human defensins belong to the cellular components of the innate immune response, because defensins are broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides. 48. The classical pathway of complement activation is phylogenetically older, because the classical activation is initiated by immunocomplexes. 49. DAF (decay-accelerating factor) is a membrane-bound regulatory protein, because it promotes the dissociation of C3 convertases. 50. TH2 cytokines protect the host from allergic reactions, because parasitic infections induce TH2 immune response. 8