Ambrosia beetles that should be on your radar. Jiri Hulcr University of Florida

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1 Ambrosia beetles that should be on your radar Jiri Hulcr University of Florida

2 bark beetles Feed on phloem 3,000 species

3 bark beetles Southern pine beetle mass attack

4 Typical Florida bark beetles The Ips engraver beetle frass (rarely pitch tubes) vertical gallery

5 Ambrosia beetles ~ 3,000 species

6 Ambrosia beetles >10 origins Bark beetle diversity

7 Quiz! How many bark & ambrosia beetle species are known from Florida? a) 16 b) 37 c) 135 How may of these are AMBROSIA beetles? a) 7 b) 15 c) 60 How may of these are PESTS in urban environments? a) 5 b) 15 c) 30

8 Redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus other Euwallacea Granulated ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus crassiusculus Black twig borer Xylosandrus compactus Camphor shot hole borer Cnestus mutilatus Theoborus ricini Pinhole borer Oxoplatypus quadridentatus

9 Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Laurel wilt

10 Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle

11 Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Homestead, FL, avocado grove

12 Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Most host trees in most SE states and cities DEAD. No longer a problem? backyard redbays and avocados dead: good for the industry

13 Xyleborus glabratus the redbay ambrosia beetle Most host trees in most SE states and cities DEAD. No longer a problem? - Spreading North, West, and South West - Beetle persists in low densities - Fungus now vectored by other beetles!

borer Euwallacea fornicatus Kuroshio shot hole

14 Euwallacea fornicatus complex Three genotypes in the US Polyphagous shot hole borer Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus Kuroshio shot hole borer Emerging major pests in urban areas and avocado groves.

15 Euwallacea fornicatus complex Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus - spreading in FL - increasing damage on avocado and shrubs

16 Euwallacea fornicatus complex Tea shot hole borer Euwallacea fornicatus - spreading in FL - increasing damage on avocado and shrubs

17 Euwallacea interjectus

18 Attacking live box elder in Gainesville, FL.

19 Euwallacea interjectus

20 Euwallacea interjectus No damage to HEALTHY trees ever recorded

21 Xylosandrus crassiusculus granulated ambrosia beetle #1 nursery tree killer in the South East

22 2) Ambrosia beetles on the rise Cross City Veneer, Inc.

24 Xylosandrus crassiusculus granulated ambrosia beetle #1 nursery tree killer in the South East..and green lumber pest

25 Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer - twig killer - sapling killer - very common in urban areas 1 mm

27 Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer spreading in the US only in live trees

28 Cnestus mutilatus the Camphor shot hole borer Sometimes a nursery pest

29 Theoborus ricini In FL since 1990s Occasionally attacking planted trees (often royal Poinciana) Only in cultivated, watered trees

30 Pinhole borers Native Oxoplatypus quadridentatus In oaks after stress, flooding, or a root disease. It doesn t usually kill trees.

31 Pinhole borers Elevated temperatures & drought Europan pinhole borer korean pinhole borer japanese pinhole borer

32 Pinhole borers Korean pinhole borer, Seoul.

33 Pinhole borers Korean pinhole borer, Seoul.

34 Beetle problem or tree problem? Disease triangle host DISEASE pathogen environment Ambrosia beetle & fungus square vector pathogen DISEASE host environment Forgotten interaction!

35 Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus crassiusculus granulate ambrosia beetle - excess of water - frost damage - pathogen Mean number of attacks per tree Flooded Nonflooded Chris Ranger, USDA-ARS

36 Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer 1 mm

37 Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer 2013

38 Beetle problem or tree problem? Xylosandrus compactus black twig borer very wet year after a very dry year normal years, beetle uncommon

39 Beetle problem or tree problem? Frost damage a common unapparent stress Gainesville, January 16, 2018 Two days after a frost.

40 Beetle problem or tree problem? Ambrosia beetle attacks: Symptom of stress, rather than primary aggressive pests

42 Thank you!

Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Conference The Situation in California August 14, 2012 PUBLIC MEETING

Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Conference The Situation in California August 14, 2012 PUBLIC MEETING Meeting sponsored by: The Hofshi Foundation University of California, Riverside UC Center for Invasive Pest