Index. causes, 159 hamate (see Osteonecrosis) isolated carpal bone, 173 metacarpal head (see Dieterich s disease) scaphoid (see Preiser s disease)

Transcription

1 A ABA. See American Burn Association (ABA) Abductor pollicis longus (APL), 8, 11 ACPA. See Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) Activity rehabilitation, 220 Acute calcification aetiology, 155 clinical presentation, 155 histological examination, 155 investigations, treatment, 156 Acute calcific tendonitis (ACT) tendon inflammation, 36 tenosynovitis, 5 6 Adult trigger thumb pathology and aetiology, 24 treatment, Aetiology acute calcification, 155 adult trigger thumb, 24 children trigger finger, metacarpophalangeal (MP)joint, 73 osteoarthritis (OA), post-traumatic contracture, tendon inflammation, 27, 28 American Burn Association (ABA), 201, 202 Amyloidosis tendon inflammation, 36 tenosynovitis, 6 Anterior oblique ligament (AOL), 87, 88 Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA), 112 APL. See Abductor pollicis longus (APL) Arthritis mutilans, 147, 149 Arthrodesis, See also Osteoarthritis (OA) Arthroscopic partial/complete trapeziectomy with interposition, metacarpal subsidence, 89 palmaris longus tendon, patient study, 88 without tendon interposition, 87 Ashworth Scale, modified, 236 Avascular necrosis (AVN) capitate (see Jönsson disease) carpal bones, causes, 159 hamate (see Osteonecrosis) isolated carpal bone, 173 metacarpal head (see Dieterich s disease) scaphoid (see Preiser s disease) B Boutonniere deformity, 120 Burn blisters, 202 Burn hand American Burn Association (ABA), 201, 202 burn center, 201 frostbite injury, 208 initial assessment, quality of life, 201 reconstruction, rehabilitation, 206 surgical intervention, topical treatment, C Calcification. See Acute calcification Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition, 154 tenosynovitis, 5 CapFlex, Carpal collapse, 124 Carpal supination, 125 Carpometacarpal joint, 172 Casting motion to mobilise stiffness (CMMS), Cerebral palsy clinical examination, electromyography, 241 functional assessment functional tests, grading scales, 240 questionnaires, 240 general preoperative assessment, joint deformity, motor assessment active muscles, paralysed muscles, muscle contracture, 236 sensory examination, 239 I.A. Trail, A.N.M. Fleming (eds.), Disorders of the Hand: Volume 3: Infl ammation, Arthritis and Contractures, DOI / , Springer-Verlag London

2 254 Cerebral palsy (cont). spasticity evaluation, upper limb, resting posture of, x rays, 241 Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS), 193 CMMS. See Casting motion to mobilise stiffness (CMMS) Collagenase, from Clostridium Histolyticum, 181, 189, 194 CPPD. See Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) CRPS. See Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Crystalline tendonopathy, tendon inflammation gout, pseudogout, D Darrach s procedure, 128 DD. See Dupuytren s disease (DD) Degenerative arthritis. See Osteoarthritis (OA) Deposition diseases, 4 De Quervain s disease tendinopathy, 7 thumb anatomical variants, 22 clinical features, 22 first compartment, function, 21 pathology, 22 treatment, Dermal template, 205 Dermofasciectomy, 192, 195 Diabetic hand, tendon inflammation, 36 Dieterich s disease, Distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) dorsal transverse incision, 104 Dupuytren s disease (DD), 183 fusion, 122 K-wires, screw technique, 103 surgical treatment, 96 Swanson original implant, 105, 106 Distal radio-ulnar instability, 125 Distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) degenerative arthritis diagnosis, 59 hemiarthroplasties, partial resection, head, 61 resection, head of the ulna, silicone implant arthroplasty, 61 S-Kprocedure (see Sauvé-Kapandji (S-K) procedure) total implant arthroplasty, 62 treatment, 60 leveling procedures, Kienbock s disease, management of, 128 volar subluxation of, 115 Dorsal extensor compartments, Dorsal wrist synovitis, 127 DRUJ. See Distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) Dupuytren diathesis, 180 Dupuytren s disease (DD) complications of treatment, 189 distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ), 183 fascial structures in digits, in palm, 190 grading and staging, 185 histology, history, investigation, long term outcome, metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJ), 181, 183 overview, palmar fascia, surgical anatomy of, pathogenesis and presentation, proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJ), 181, 183 rehabilitation, 196 segmental fasciectomy (SF), 192 treatment modalities, treatment of recurrence, 196 Dynamic ultra sound scans, post-traumatic contracture, 215 E ECM. See Extracellular matrix (ECM) ECRL. See Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) EDC. See Extensor digitorum communis (EDC) EDM. See Extensor digiti minimi (EDM) EIP. See Extensor indicis proprius (EIP) Elbow level, tetraplegia, 247 EPL. See Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) Escharotomy, 202 Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), 116 Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendonopathy, Extensor compartment artery (ECA), 165 Extensor digiti minimi (EDM), 116 Extensor digitorum communis (EDC), 116 Extensor indicis proprius (EIP), 116 Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), 8, Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) rupture of, tendon tendinopathy, 12 thumb, 23 Extensor tendon triggering, 33 Extracellular matrix (ECM), 183 F FDS. See Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Fingers level, tetraplegia, Finklestein s test, De Quervain s disease, 7 Flaps, 205, 206 Flexor carpi radialis (FCR), Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), 122 Flexor pollicis longus (FPL), 20, 21 Flexor profundi (FDP), 245

3 255 Flexor sheath tendon inflammation, 27 of thumb, 18 Flexor synovectomy, Flexor tendons, 117 Forearm level, tetraplegia, Frostbite injury, 208 G Gain capsular tissue elongation activity rehabilitation, 220 casting motion to mobilise stiffness (CMMS), dynamic splinting, 222 exercises and joint mobilisations, 220 lycra or neoprene sleeves, 220 passive exercises/stretches, 220 serial static splinting, 222 splintage, static progressive splinting, 222 static splintage, 222 Gaining tendon glide, Gain tendon glide, Gout clinical presentation, 152, 153 crystalline tendonopathy, investigations, 153 management, 153 pathogenesis, 152 tenosynovitis, 5 J Joint mobilisations, 220 Jönsson disease, 171 K Kienbock related advanced collapse (KRAC), 162 Kienbock s disease aetiology and evolution pathogenesis, ulnar variance, 161 history and examination, intracarpal procedures, investigations, 160 management patient factors, 162 reconstructive surgery, 162 treatment options, non operative treatment, 164 radial shortening/ulna lengthening, revascularisation, vascularized bone implantation donor site, ECA, 165 principle, 164 VBG, salvage procedures, KRAC. See Kienbock related advanced collapse (KRAC) H Hand therapy post capsular release, 226 Head injury, 242 Hemiplegia, 242 Hypertrophic scars, 207, 219 Hyponeurotization, 244 I Idiopathic trigger finger, tendon inflammation anatomy, complications, conservative treatment, epidemiology, 29 pathology, 29 practical view, 32 presentation, 29 severity of, 30 surgery, 31 Interphalangeal (IP) joint. See also Distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ); Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJ) history and examination, 72 treatment, Intersection syndrome, Ischaemic rupture, EPL tendon, 23 L LF. See Limited fasciectomy (LF) Lichtman s classification, 160 Ligament reconstruction interposition arthroplasty (LRTI) advanced stage II IV disease, flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon, 80 variants, 81 Limited fasciectomy (LF), 181, 189, 191, 192, 196 Lycra or neoprene sleeves, 220 M Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) arthroplasty, dorsal release of, Dupuytren s disease (DD), 181, 183 fusion, 113 OA a history and examination, 72 treatment, post-traumatic contracture, Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, 5

4 256 N NA. See Needle aponeurotomy (NA) Nalebuff classification of Boutonniere deformity, 123 of swan neck deformity, 121 Natatory ligament (NL), 186 Needle aponeurotomy (NA), 193 Neurological contractures. See Spastic upper limb NL. See Natatory ligament (NL) O OA. See Osteoarthritis (OA) Oedema management active exercise, 218 cooling temperatures, 218 elastic taping, electrotherapy, 218 elevation, 218 external compression, 218 lymphatic massage, 218 Osteoarthritis (OA) aetiology, arthroscopic partial/complete trapeziectomy with interposition, metacarpal subsidence, 89 palmaris longus tendon, patient study, 88 without tendon interposition, 87 arthroscopic treatment APL and EPL, distal dorsal (D-2) portal surface, associated MP joint hyperextension, 84 biomechanical study, complications, 90 conservative treatment, 48 49, DRUJ degenerative arthritis diagnosis, 59 hemiarthroplasties, partial resection of the head, 61 resection of the head of the ulna, silicone implant arthroplasty, 61 S-Kprocedure (see Sauvé-Kapandji (S-K) procedure) total implant arthroplasty, 62 treatment, 60 incidence, 71 IP joint history and examination, 72 treatment, ligament reconstruction interposition arthroplasty (LRTI) advanced stage II IV disease, flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon, 80 variants, 81 MP joint history and examination, 72 treatment, outcome and literature review CapFlex, silicone arthroplasties, 107 presentation, investigation and treatment, prevalence rate, 71 proximal row carpectomy, 49 radial styloidectomy, 49 radio-scapho-lunate arthrodesis, 52 scaphoid resection and partial wrist fusion capitate and hamate, 49 capito-lunate fusion, excision and midcarpal fusion, 50 proximal pole, 52 SLAC clinical diagnosis, 42 luno-capitate, 43, 44 radio-lunate, 43, 45, 47 radio-scaphoid, 43 scapho-capitate, 43, 44 triqueto-hamate, 43, 45 SMAC, 48 SNAC shortening and flexion deformity, vs. SLAC, 48 STT arthritis arthrodesis, clinical diagnosis, conservative treatment, 56 etiopathogenesis, 54 flexor carpi radialis tendon release and joint debridement, 56 incidence, 54 pyrocarbon implant interposition, radiographic diagnosis, 55 radio-lunate arthrodesis, resection, distal scaphoid, 56 trapezium silicone implant arthroplasty, 56 surgical techniques and rehabilitation DIP joint (see Distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ)) PIP joint (see Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJ)) surgical treatment DIP joints, 96 joint fusion, 97 PIP joint, 97, 98 resection-interposition, 99 synovectomy, 96 thumb metacarpal extension osteotomy, total wrist arthroplasty, total wrist fusion, 52 trapeziectomy metacarpal scaphoid impingement, 82, 83 outcomes, trapeziometacarpal fusion, trapeziometacarpal joint history and examination, non-operative treatment, 78 surgical treatment, 78

5 treatment complications, 107 IPJ arthrodesis, IP joint, MP fusion, MP joint, MP joint arthroscopy, 76 volar ligament reconstruction, 79 wrist denervation, 49 Osteonecrosis, 172 P Palmar fascia, surgical anatomy of, Partial wrist arthrodesis, Passive exercises/stretches, 220 Passive extension deficit (PED), 192 PD. See Peyronie disease (PD) PED. See Passive extension deficit (PED) Percutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF), 183, 189, 193 Peritendonitis crepitans, thumb pathology, treatment, 24 Peyronie disease (PD), 180 PIPJ. See Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJ) PNF. See Percutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF) Post-traumatic contracture aetiology, capsular contracture, arthroscopic release of, capsular tightness, rehabilitation for, classification of injuries, 210 dynamic ultra sound scans, 215 external fixators, 229 gain capsular tissue elongation, gain tendon glide, history, 212 investigation, 215 metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), plain x-ray, 215 presentation, proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), rehabilitation modalities heat treatment, 217 oedema management, scar management, 219 rehabilitation treatment options, stiffness, cause of, surgical techniques, 224 surgical treatment options arthrodesis, 216 joint replacement, 216 osteotomy, 215 repair or reconstruction, 216 sheath/pulley reconstruction, 216 tendon realignment, 216 tendon release, 216 tendon tethering, rehabilitation for, treatment options, Preiser s disease incidence, 169 treatment, 171 type I intraosseous blood supply, 170 ulnar variance, 171 Pressure garment, 206 Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPJ) arthroplasty dorsal approach, implant choice, 100 lateral approach, rehabilitation, 100 surgical treatment, 97, 98 volar approach, 101 Dupuytren s disease (DD), 181, 183 fusion, 123 post-traumatic contracture, volar release of, Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) Kienbock s disease, OA, 49 Pseudo gout. See Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) Psoriasis classification, psoriatic arthropathy, 145 incidence flexion contracture, PIP joint, 146 frequency of involvement, 145, 146 nail involvement, 147 investigations, 147, 148 results, treatment, 147, 149 Q Quality of life, burn hand, R RA. See Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Radial styloidectomy, 49 Radiotherapy, 181, 183, 187 Raynaud s phenomenon, 150 Rehabilitation burn hand, 206 Dupuytren s disease (DD), 196 post-traumatic contracture capsular tightness, gain capsular tissue elongation, heat treatment, 217 oedema management, scar management, 219 tendon tethering, treatment options, proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) arthroplasty, 100 rheumatoid hand and wrist problems, Revascularisation, vascularized bone implantation donor site, ECA, 165 principle, 164 VBG,

6 258 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) larsen scoring system for, 114 tenosynovitis, 4 thumb attrition disorders, 19 dorsal plates, 19 FPL attrition, 20, 21 Kirschner wires, 19 treatment, 19 volar plates, 20, 21 wrist fusion, 133 Rheumatoid hand and wrist problems. See also Rheumatoid wrist biomechanical disturbance, 117 boutonniere, digital deformities, 120 extensor pollicis longus (EPL), rupture of, flexor tendons, 117 hand therapy (see Rheumatoid hand therapy) investigation, long finger extensors, rupture of, MCPJ arthroplasty, metacarpophalangeal joint, pathological effects, presentation, rehabilitation, rheumatoid nodules, 117 soft tissue balance, surgical techniques, swan neck deformity, synovectomy, tenosynovitis, thumb instability, treatment options, Rheumatoid hand therapy conservative treatment, postoperative treatment, Rheumatoid nodules, 117 Rheumatoid wrist assessment, carpal collapse, 124 carpal supination, 125 Darrach s procedure, 128 distal radio-ulnar instability, 125 distal radio-ulnar joint, 128 non-surgical treatment, 126 partial wrist arthrodesis, Sauve Kapandji procedure, surgical treatment, 127 synovectomy, total wrist arthrodesis, total wrist arthroplasty (TWA), translation, 125 translocation, 125 ulnar head arthroplasty, volar subluxation, 125 Rupture of extensor pollicis longus (EPL), of long finger extensors, S Saffar s technique, 164 Sagittal band reconstruction, 118 Sarcoidosis tendon inflammation, 36 tenosynovitis, 6 Sauvé-Kapandji (S-K) procedure arthrodesis, 63 Darrach procedure, 63 early postoperative radiograph, 64 pronator quadrates (PQ) muscle, 63, 65 rheumatoid wrist, Scaphoid malunion advanced collapse (SMAC) wrist, 48 Scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrist shortening and flexion deformity, vs. SLAC, 48 Scaphoid resection and partial wrist fusion capitate and hamate, 49 capito-lunate fusion, excision and midcarpal fusion, 50 proximal pole, 52 Scaphoid-trapezoid-trapezium (STT) joint FPL attrition, 20, 21 Kienbock s disease, Scapho-lunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist clinical diagnosis, 42 luno-capitate, 43, 44 radio-lunate, 43, 45, 47 radio-scaphoid, 43 scapho-capitate, 43, 44 triqueto-hamate, 43, 45 Scapho-trapezio-trapezoid (STT) arthritis arthrodesis, clinical diagnosis, conservative treatment, 56 etiopathogenesis, 54 flexor carpi radialis tendon release and joint debridement, 56 incidence, 54 pyrocarbon implant interposition, radiographic diagnosis, 55 radio-lunate arthrodesis, resection, distal scaphoid, 56 trapezium silicone implant arthroplasty, 56 Scar management elastomers, 219 pressure garments, 219 scar massage, 219 silicone gel, 219 ultrasound, 219 Scleroderma clinical presentation, 150, 151 pathogenesis, 150 treatment, 151 Segmental fasciectomy (SF), 192 Shish kebab fusion, 149 Shoulder level, tetraplegia, 247 Silicone, 206 Silver sulfadiazine, 202, 203, 208

7 259 Skin grafts, , 206 Soft tissue balance, Spastic swan-neck deformity, of fingers, 237 Spastic upper limb cerebral palsy clinical examination, electromyography, 241 evaluation of, functional assessment, general preoperative assessment, joint deformity, motor assessment, muscle contracture, 236 resting posture of, sensory examination, 239 x rays, 241 head injury, 242 stroke, 242 tetraplegia elbow level, 247 fingers level, forces, rebalancing, forearm level, joint contracture, 246 muscle contracture, reducing spasticity, shoulder level, 247 tendon transfers, 246 thumb level, treatment, wrist level, 248 Steinbrocker method, 114 Stiffness assessment of, cause of, prevention of, 215 Storage diseases amyloidosis, 36 diabetic hand, 36 flexor synovectomy, sarcoid, 36 surgery, Stroke, 242 Superficialis to the profundi (STP), 245 Swan neck deformity, Swanson original implant, 105, 106 Synovectomy rheumatoid hand and wrist problems, rheumatoid wrist, surgical treatment, 96 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) AVN, 173 clinical presentation, pathogenesis, 151 treatment, 152 Systemic sclerosis. See Scleroderma T Tangential excision, 204 Tendinopathy ECU, EPL, 12 FCR, forth and fifth dorsal extensor compartments, intersection syndrome, pertinent anatomy, 3 4 tendovaginitis complications, definition, 6 De Quervain s disease, 7 non-operative management, 7 8 surgery, 8 10 technique, 8 tenosynovitis acute calcific tendonitis, 5 6 amyloidosis, 6 CPPD, 5 definition, 3 deposition diseases, 4 foreign body and implants, 6 gout, 5 infection, 6 RA, 4 sarcoidosis, 6 Tendinosis, 19 Tendon inflammation ACT, 36 aetiology, 27, 28 crystalline tendonopathy gout, pseudogout, extensor tendon triggering, 33 flexor sheath, 27 idiopathic trigger finger anatomy, complications, conservative treatment, epidemiology, 29 pathology, 29 practical view, 32 presentation, 29 severity of, 30 surgery, 31 storage diseases amyloidosis, 36 diabetic hand, 36 flexor synovectomy, sarcoid, 36 surgery, trigger finger, children aetiology, clinical presentation, 33 real-time ultrasound investigation, 33 treatment, 33

8 260 Tendonitis, 18 Tendovaginitis complications, definition, 6 De Quervain s disease, 7 non-operative management, 7 8 surgery, 8 10 technique, 8 Tenosynovitis acute calcific tendonitis, 5 6 amyloidosis, 6 CPPD, 5 definition, 3, 19 deposition diseases, 4 EPL tendon, thumb, 23 foreign body and implants, 6 gout, 5 infection, 6 RA, 4 rheumatoid hand and wrist problems, sarcoidosis, 6 Tetraplegia elbow level, 247 fingers level, forces, rebalancing, forearm level, joint contracture, 246 muscle contracture bone shortening, fractional lengthening, 245 muscle release procedures, indications of, 245, 246 superficialis to the profundi (STP), 245 tendon lengthening, 245 tenotomy, 245 reducing spasticity local pharmacological agents, neurosurgical procedures, selective neurectomy, 244 shoulder level, 247 tendon transfers, 246 thumb level, treatment, wrist level, 248 Thumb adult trigger thumb pathology and aetiology, 24 treatment, anatomy extensor compartments, 17 extrinsic extensor tendons, 18 terminology and pathology, carpometacarpal joint, 172 De Quervain s disease anatomical variants, 22 clinical features, 22 first compartment, function, 21 pathology, 22 treatment, EPL tendon, 23 extrinsic tendons, 17 instability, intrinsic muscles, 17 metacarpal extension osteotomy, peritendonitis crepitans pathology, treatment, 24 RA attrition disorders, 19 dorsal plates, 19 FPL attrition, 20, 21 Kirschner wires, 19 treatment, 19 volar plates, 20, 21 tetraplegia, trigger thumb, children, 25 TLPA. See Transverse ligament of the palmar aponeurosis (TLPA) Total passive extension deficit (TPED), 192, 195 Total wrist arthrodesis, Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA), 52 53, Total wrist fusion, 52 TPED. See Total passive extension deficit (TPED) Transverse ligament of the palmar aponeurosis (TLPA), 186 Trapeziectomy metacarpal scaphoid impingement, 82, 83 outcomes, Trapeziometacarpal fusion, Trapeziometacarpal joint history and examination, non-operative treatment, 78 surgical treatment, 78 Trapezium silicone implant arthroplasty, 56 Trigger finger, children aetiology, clinical presentation, 33 real-time ultrasound investigation, 33 treatment, 33 Trigger thumb adult pathology and aetiology, 24 treatment, children, 25 Triscaphe joint. See Scaphoid-trapezoid-trapezium (STT) joint TWA. See Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) U Ulnar head arthroplasty,

9 261 V Vascularised bone grafts (VBG) advantage, 164 contraindications, 165 donor site, Vascular stroke, 242 Volar ligament reconstruction, 79 Volar subluxation, 125 W Wrist. See also Osteoarthritis; Tendinopathy denervation, 49 fusion, in rheumatoid arthritis, 133 tetraplegia, 248 Z Zancolli s flexor aponeurotic release, 245