UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

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1 LH27 UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING PATHWAY SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATIONS 2015/16 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MODULE NO. BME4005 Date: Monday 16 May 2016 Time: am noon Instructions to Candidates: There are TWO sections on this paper containing a total of 80 marks. Answer ALL questions from section A (40 marks). Answer ALL questions from section B (40 marks).

2 Page 2 of 12 Section A Answer ALL Questions 1. Which of the following is also referred to as a voluntary muscle? a. Skeletal muscle b. Cardiac muscle c. Visceral muscle d. Smooth muscle 2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? a. Thermoregulation b. Excretion c. Reduces friction d. Absorption 3. Anatomical position refers to a person standing erect, feet facing forward and: a. Arms to the side, palms facing anterior and thumbs located medially b. Arms in raised position, palms facing forward and thumbs to the outside c. Arms to the side, palms facing forward with thumbs to the outside d. Arms in raised position, palms facing dorsally and thumbs facing outside 4. Which is the correct order of fracture healing? a. Remodelling, haematoma, soft callus, hard callus b. Soft callus, hard callus, haematoma, remodelling c. Haematoma, soft callus, hard callus, remodelling d. Haematoma, remodelling, soft callus, hard callus

3 Page 3 of Smooth muscle has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. Stronger contractions than skeletal muscle b. Stimulated by the autonomic nervous system c. Spontaneous, involuntary contractions d. More sustained contractions than skeletal muscle 6. The structure of a cell membrane is best described as: a. Phospholipid layer integrated with peripheral proteins b. Phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins c. Protein bilayers interspersed with phospholipids d. Protein layer interspersed with peripheral phospholipids 7. One advantage of moving materials by Active Transport is: a. Carrier proteins are not necessary b. The process is not dependant on a concentration gradient c. The process has no energy cost d. Receptor sites are not necessary for the process to occur 8. In the human body, Phagocytosis is illustrated by: a. Air being expelled from the lungs b. A specific volume of blood expelled from the left ventricle c. Vacuolar digestion of a solvent d. White blood cells engulfing bacteria

4 Page 4 of The 4 primary tissue types found in the human body are: a. Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, glandular b. Adipose, elastic, smooth, cardiac c. Skeletal, cardiac, smooth, muscle d. Epithelial, connective, muscle, neural 10. The two types of LAYERING recognised in epithelial tissues are: a. Cuboidal and Columnar b. Squamous and Cuboidal c. Columnar and Stratified d. Simple and Stratified 11. A single layer of epithelium covering a basement membrane is termed: a. Simple epithelium b. Stratified epithelium c. Squamous epithelium d. Cuboidal epithelium 12. Which of the following is classified as a long bone? a. Rib b. Sternum c. Humerus d. Patella

5 Page 5 of The functions of the skeletal system are: a. It is a storage area of calcium and lipids b. It is involved in blood cell formation c. It provides structural support for the entire body d. All of the above 14. The storage of lipids that represent an important energy reserve in bones occurs in areas of: a. Red marrow b. Yellow marrow c. Bone matrix d. Ground substance 15. The process of replacing other tissues with bone is called: a. Calcification b. Ossification c. Remodelling d. Osteoprogenesis 16. The fibres of tendons intermingle with those of the periosteum, attaching: a. Skeletal muscles to bones b. The end of one bone to another bone c. The trabecular framework to the periosteum d. Articulations with the trabeculae

6 Page 6 of Which of the following is NOT part of the Lower Respiratory System? a. Larynx b. Trachea c. Pharynx d. Bronchi 18. The bones of the pectoral girdle consist of: a. Clavicle and humerus b. Scapula and humerus c. Clavicle and Scapula d. Clavicle, scapula and humerus 19. The lateral bone of the lower leg is the: a. Tibia b. Femur c. Fibula d. Talus 20. The four proximal carpals are: a. Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate b. Trapezium, triquetral, capitate, lunate c. Scaphoid, trapezium, lunate, capitate d. Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

7 Page 7 of Structures found in synovial joints that reduce friction where large muscles and tendons pass across a joint capsule are referred to as: a. Joint capsules b. Capsular ligaments c. Bursae d. Articular condyles 22. The 3 types of muscle tissue are: a. Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium b. Skeletal, smooth, cardiac c. Elastic, collagen, fibrous d. voluntary, involuntary, resting 23. The smallest functional unit of the muscle fibre is the: a. Thick filament b. Thin filament c. Z line d. Sarcomere 24. The thick filaments consist of: a. A pair of protein strands wound together to form chains of myosin molecules b. A helical array of myosin molecules c. A pair of protein strands wound together to form chains of actin molecules d. A helical array of actin molecules

8 Page 8 of The major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine system is the: a. Pituitary b. Thyroid c. Hypothalamus d. Pancreas 26. During simple diffusion, the rate of substance exchange: a. Is faster with smaller particles b. Is faster with a smaller surface area c. Is slower over a shorter distance d. Is slower over a steep concentration gradient 27. The two major anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are: a. The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system b. The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system c. Neurons and neuroglia d. Afferent division and efferent division 28. The region of a neuron with voltage-gated sodium channels is the: a. Soma b. Dendrite c. Axon hillock d. Myelinated sheath

9 Page 9 of At the site of an action potential the membrane contains: a. An excess of negative ions inside and an excess of positive ions outside b. An excess of positive ions inside and an excess of negative ions inside c. An equal amount of positive and negative ions either side of the membrane d. An equal amount of positive ions on either side of the membrane 30. Which does NOT relate to lower brain centres? a. Involuntary control b. Reflexes c. The cerebral cortex d. The cerebellum and brain stem 31. The Endocrine system interacts with the nervous system by: a. Secreting hormones which affect CNS neural metabolism b. Modifying heart rate and blood pressure c. Controlling the pace and depth of respiration d. All of the above 32. The main difference between the Autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the Somatic nervous system is that activities of the ANS are: a. Primarily voluntary controlled b. Primarily involuntary controlled c. Involved in affecting skeletal muscle activity d. Involved with carrying impulses to the CNS

10 Page 10 of The spinal cord is part of the: a. PNS b. ANS c. SNS d. CNS 34. What is the overall Total Lung Capacity of an average person? a. 6,000 ml b. 4,800 ml c. 500 ml d. 3,600 ml 35. Gas exchange between blood and alveoli means: a. External respiration b. Pulmonary ventilation c. Internal respiration d. Breathing out carbon dioxide 36. Neural tissue in the CNS is isolated from the general circulation by the: a. Blood-brain barrier b. Falx cerebri c. Corpus striatum d. Anterior commissures

11 Page 11 of Which of the following is not a principal endocrine gland? a. Lymph b. Pituitary c. Hypothalamus d. Thyroid 38. The 3 general functions of blood are: a. Transportation, Regulation, Protection b. Transportation, Hormone secretion, Bone formation c. Protection, Bone formation, Hormone secretion d. Regulation, Protection, Bone formation 39. The visceral pericardium, or epicardium, covers the: a. Inner surface of the heart b. Outer surface of the heart c. Vessels in the mediastinum d. Endothelial lining of the heart 40. Blood from the systemic circulation is returned to the right atrium by the: a. Superior and inferior vena cava b. Pulmonary veins c. Pulmonary arteries d. Brachiocephalic veins

12 Section B Answer ALL of the following questions 1. Provide a detailed description of the micro-structure of a single muscle fibre. (5 Marks) 2. Describe the process of muscle contraction. (10 Marks) 3. Explain how an action potential is generated across a cell membrane. (4 Marks) 4. Describe the micro-structure of compact bone connective tissue, and explain its function. (6 Marks) 5. Give a detailed description of homeostasis. (3 Marks) 6. Describe the pathway of blood flow around the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems, beginning from the left ventricle. (6 marks) 7. Describe the structure of the central nervous system, making reference to the voluntary and involuntary control centres of this system. (6 Marks) END OF QUESTIONS