Rapid communications Increased detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in England and Wales, October 2011 to January 2012
|
|
- Alice Marsh
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Rpid communictions Incresed detection of Mycoplsm pneumonie infection in children in Englnd nd Wles, October 2011 to Jnury 2012 V J Chlker (vicki.chlker@hp.org.uk) 1, T Stocki 1, D Litt 1, A Berminghm 1, J Wtson 1, D M Fleming 2, T G Hrrison 1 1. Helth Protection Agency, Colindle, London, United Kingdom 2. Birminghm Reserch Unit of the Royl College of Generl Prctitioners, Birminghm, United Kingdom Cittion style for this rticle: Chlker VJ, Stocki T, Litt D, Berminghm A, Wtson J, Fleming DM, Hrrison TG. Incresed detection of Mycoplsm pneumonie infection in children in Englnd nd Wles, October 2011 to Jnury Euro Surveill. 2012;17(6):pii= Avilble online: Article published on 9 Februry 2012 Community surveillnce dt, bsed on quntittive rel-time polymerse chin rection nlysis, showed tht one in seven children ged 5 14 yers with respirtory signs tested positive for Mycoplsm pneumonie in Englnd nd Wles from October 2011 to Jnury 2012 higher proportion thn tht seen in previous yers. Multilocus vrible number tndem repet nlysis indictes tht t lest seven known nd two novel strin types were circulting in Englnd nd Wles during this period. Recent reports indicte tht n incresed number of Mycoplsm pneumonie infections hve been detected in seven Europen countries including Denmrk, Norwy nd Finlnd [1-4]. To determine the number of ptients infected with M. pneumonie in Englnd nd Wles nd to see if the number hd incresed, compred with previous winters, community surveillnce dt nd lbortory reports submitted to the Helth Protection Agency (HPA) from 10th October (week 42) 2011 to 20th Jnury (week 3) 2012 were reviewed. Our study shows n increse in the number of children with M. pneumonie infection by PCR-bsed surveillnce in the community during the study period. Further nlysis ws crried out to determine which strins of M. pneumonie were present in this period in the community surveillnce smples, in ddition to nlysis of genetic mrkers for mcrolide resistnce. Bckground M. pneumonie is respirtory pthogen tht is common cuse of pneumoni nd my cuse other serious sequele such s encephlitis. The pthogen is found in ll ge groups, with higher prevlence in children ged 5 14 yers [2,5]. In Englnd nd Wles, epidemic periods lsting on verge 18 months hve occurred t pproximtely four-yerly intervls [6]. In ddition, low-level spordic infection occurs with sesonl peks from December to Februry [5,6]. Since 2005, community surveillnce scheme for M. pneumonie using quntittive rel-time polymerse chin rection (qpcr) nlysis hs been used to monitor M. pneumonie infection in Englnd nd Wles [7]. Until 2010, this scheme ws used for monitoring ptients of ll ges nd from 2010 to dte, for children ged under 16 yers [7]. It is n extension of the virologicl community surveillnce tht is undertken nnully in Englnd nd Wles for rnge of respirtory viruses including influenz virus, respirtory syncitil virus nd humn metpneumovirus [8]. Combined nsl nd throt swbs were tken during the winter months (from October to Mrch, 2005 to 2012, nd throughout the recent influenz A(H1N1) pdm09 pndemic) from ptients with respirtory symptoms including influenz-like illness, upper respirtory trct infection, lower respirtory trct infection, or fever or mylgi who ttended generl prctitioner clinics [5]. Additionl voluntrily submitted reports from regionl lbortories nd hospitls in Englnd nd Wles were collted by the Helth Protection Agency (HPA) ccording to ge nd region to give n indiction of the number of ptients testing positive for M. pneumonie by serologicl, moleculr or culture tests ech week. Detection nd nlysis of M. pneumonie in clinicl smples Lbortory reports The number of M. pneumonie-positive lbortory reports submitted to the HPA during the study period (week to week ) vried from 11 to 36 per week, s shown in the four-weekly moving verges in [9]. From week to week , totl of 353 reports were received, higher thn the number in the sme period in 2010 (week to week ), when 290 were received. Reports were received from ll res of Englnd nd Wles during this period (Tble 1). The ptients were of ll ges, with the youngest 1
2 being less thn one week old nd the oldest 92 yers of ge (Tble 2). This ge profile of submitted M. pneumonie-positive reports ws very similr to tht for ll such reports received from week to week Community surveillnce We crried out qpcr nlysis on 144 nonymised combined nose nd throt swbs tken s prt of community surveillnce from ptients ged under 15 yers with respirtory symptoms during October 2011 to Jnury 2012 ( totl of 144 swbs were tken during tht time). Nucleic cid ws extrcted nd stored s previously described before qpcr testing for the presence of the M. pneumonie P1 gene [5,10]. A totl of 13 of the smples (9.0%; 95% CI: ) were M. pneumonie positive. One in seven of the children ged 5 14 yers (12/84) hd detectble Tble 1 Percentge of Mycoplsm pneumonie-positive smples from lbortory reports by region, Englnd nd Wles, 10 October (week 42) Jnury (week 3) 2012 (n=353) Percentge of smples positive for M. pneumonie Region positive smples Est Midlnds 5.7 ( ) 20 Est 8.5 ( ) 30 London 24.4 ( ) 86 North Est 6.0 ( ) 21 North West 13.9 ( ) 49 South Est 4.0 ( ) 14 South West 7.1 ( ) 25 West Midlnds 5.4 ( ) 19 Wles 14.5 ( ) 51 Yorkshire nd Humberside 10.8 ( ) 38 Tble 2 Percentge of Mycoplsm pneumonie-positive smples from lbortory reports by ge, Englnd nd Wles, 10 October (week 42) Jnury (week 3) 2012 (n=353) nd 1 Jnury 1975 (week 1) 20 Jnury (week 3) 2012 (n=38,221) Age in yers Percentge of smples positive for M. pneumonie Week week Week week positive smples positive smples < ( ) ( ) 3, ( ) ( ) 9, ( ) ( ) 16, ( ) ( ) 4,806 > ( ) ( ) 1,957 Informtion bout ge ws not vilble for ll reports. M. pneumonie, wheres only one of the 60 children ged under 5 yers ws positive (Fisher s exct test p=0.008) (Figure 1). The percentge of positive cses per week (from week 42 to week 3 of the following yer) for children ged under 15 yers is shown for 2005 to 2012 in Tble 3. This shows n increse from November 2011 to Jnury 2012 (week to week ). Smples were more likely to be positive during this period in 2011/12 (13/91; 12.5%; 95% CI: ) thn in the previous four weeks (weeks ) nd the following two weeks (weeks ) (0/40; 0%; 95% CI: ; Fisher s exct test p=0.02). In November 2011 (week 46), December 2011 (weeks 50 nd 51) nd Jnury 2012 (week 1), the number of M. pneumonie infections significntly incresed in comprison with ll previous weeks of smpling since 2005 (binomil probbility test p= , , 0.05 nd 0.01, respectively). The men ge of the 144 ptients ws 6.5 yers (stndrd devition (SD)±4.4; rnge: 0 14) with the mjority of M. pneumonie-positive ptients being over 5 yersold (n=12 of 84). The men ge of the positive ptients ws 8.7 yers (SD±2.6). Only one M. pneumonie-positive ptient ws less thn 5 yers old (ged 4 yers). Figure 1 Percentge of clinicl community surveillnce smples from ptients ged under 15 yers positive for Mycoplsm pneumonie determined by qpcr, Englnd nd Wles, October 2005 Jnury 2012 (totl of 33 positive in 1,354 smples) Percentge of positive smples / / / / / /12 All yers Totl < Age (yers) qpcr: quntittive rel-time polymerse chin rection. The number of positive smples nd totl number of smples per yer were 7 of 98 in 2005/06, 2 of 120 in 2006/07, 1 of 134 in 2007/08, 3 of 249 in 2008/09, 2009 not tested, 7 of 609 in 2010/11, 13 of 144 in 2011/12, giving totl of 33 positive in 1,354 smples for ll yers nlysed. Error brs indicte the 95% CI for the percentges. Excludes October (week 42) 2009 to Jnury (week 3) 2010 when smpling ws not performed due to the influenz A(H1N1)pdm09 pndemic. 2
3 Of the 144 ptients nlysed, 62 were mle nd 79 femle (sex ws not specified for three ptients). Of the 13 M. pneumonie-positive ptients, 5 were mle nd 8 femle. M. pneumonie type nd mcrolide resistnce Smples tht were positive by qpcr were exmined for M. pneumonie type nd mcrolide resistnce. Multiocus vrible number tndem repet nlysis (MLVA) typing by frgment nlysis, which hs previously been used to type M. pneumonie strins [7,11], ws used to nlyse nucleic cid extrcts of clinicl smples in our study; culture isoltion of M. pneumonie ws not undertken. MLVA typing ws lso performed on nine dditionl M. pneumonie-positive respirtory smples tht were submitted to the lbortory during October 2011 to Jnury Genetic diversity ws clculted using Hunter nd Gstons vrition of Simpson s diversity index [12]. The presence of muttions previously ssocited with mcrolide resistnce ws exmined by mplifiction nd sequencing of 720-bse pir (bp) frgment of the 23S rrna gene using the primers MpnMR2063F (5 -ATCTCTTGACTGTCTCGGC-3 ) nd MpnMR2617R (5 -TACAACTGGAGCATAAGAGGTG-3 ) [13]. MLVA nlysis of eight of the 13 qpcr-positive community surveillnce smples nd the nine M. pneumonie-positive respirtory smples tht were submitted to the lbortory during October 2011 to Jnury 2012 showed totl of nine distinct strin types: seven of known MLVA type (type E (n=1), type M (n=4), type P (n=2), type S (n=1), type T (n=1), type U (n=2)nd type Z (n=3)) nd two puttive novel types (profile 4,4,5,7,3 (n=2) nd 5,3,5,7,3 (n=1)) (Figure 2). A full MLVA profile could not be obtined for the other five qpcr-positive community surveillnce smples, probbly becuse of the low levels of M. pneumonie nucleic cid in these smples. The strin type most frequently found in the 17 smples ws MLVA-M (n=4), which ws lso the most prevlent strin type in Englnd nd Wles in 2010 nd hs been found in Frnce (in 1997, 1999, 2000 nd 2006), Germny (in 1995 nd 2000) nd Jpn (in 2000 to 2003) [5,11]. Comprison of the Hunter Gston diversity index (DI) indicted tht both popultions in October to Jnury 2010/11 nd 2011/12 were similrly diverse (2010 DI: 0.93; 95% CI: , 2011 DI: 0.91, 95% CI: ). A full-length sequence of the 720 bp frgment of the 23S rrna gene contining ll four loci ssocited with mcrolide resistnce (2063, 2064, 2067 nd 2618) ws obtined from 12 of the 13 qpcr-positive community surveillnce smples. No muttions in these loci ssocited with mcrolide resistnce were identified in Tble 3 Percentge of clinicl community surveillnce smples positive for Mycoplsm pneumonie determined by qpcr per week for children ged under 15 yers, Englnd nd Wles, October (week 42) Jnury (week 3) (totl of 33 positive in 1,354 smples) Percentge of smples positive for M. pneumonie Week Number 2005/ / / / / / ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 20.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 13.3 ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 12.5 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 12.5 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 25.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 5.9 ( ) 7.7 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 2.1 ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 4.8 ( ) 2.4 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 16.7 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 10.5 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 15.4 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 18.2 ( ) ( ) 7.7 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) 0.0 ( ) All weeks 4.5 ( ) 1.7 ( ) 0.7 ( ) 1.2 ( ) 1.2 ( ) 9.0 ( ) positive smples/totl number of smples 7/98 2/120 1/134 3/249 7/609 13/144 qpcr: quntittive rel-time polymerse chin rection. Shded cells represent weeks when M. pneumonie ws detected. Excludes October (week 42) 2009 to Jnury (week 3) 2010 when smpling ws not performed due to the influenz A(H1N1)pdm09 pndemic. 3
4 these smples. For the remining qpcr-positive community surveillnce smple, sequence informtion could not be obtined, presumbly due to low levels of M. pneumonie nucleic cid. Discussion The level of M. pneumonie infection in the qpcrbsed community surveillnce of children ged under 16 yers from October 2011 to Jnury 2012 ws 9.0%, rising to 14.3% in the 5 14 yer-olds. This is considerbly higher thn tht in the sme months from previous yers from 2005 to 2011 (1.7%) [5]. Detectble M. pneumonie infection ws found by qpcr in children ged from 4 to 14 yers nd ws bsent from those ged under 4 yers in the 2011/12 study period. As qpcr ws not performed on specimens from dults, the level of dults with detectble M. pneumonie DNA could not be scertined. However, M. pneumonie-positive lbortory reports collted from regionl lbortories were received on dult ptients during this period nd the ge profile ws consistent with tht of ll reports received from 1975 to The lst period showing lrge pek of detectble M. pneumonie infection by qpcr ws winter 2005/06, in which the infection ws detected in 6% of 5 14 yer-olds ttending generl prctitioners with respirtory signs. In the study period reported here (winter 2011/12), n even greter number of children of this ge group were infected (14.3%), indicting t lest one in seven children with respirtory signs ttending generl prctitioners were infected with M. pneumonie. In similr period in 2010/11 (week to week ), 11 differing MLVA types were detected in 15 clinicl smples with MLVA-M being the most prevlent in Englnd nd Wles [7]. Within the study period reported here (week to week ), seven MLVA types were identified, four of which were MLVA-M. The smple number is too low to specify the exct diversity of the popultion or to investigte the ssocition of prticulr types with clinicl severity. Nonetheless, it is interesting tht clonl strins were not detected. Two puttive new profiles were obtined but confirmtion of these pprently novel MLVA types will require isoltion of the strins. The typing method used here ws originlly described by DéGrnge et l., in which stbility of five isoltes ws determined over 10 pssges, indicting tht the M. pneumonie MLVA type is reltively stble [11]. Clonl spred of M. pneumonie does occur, however. In fct, Pereyre et l., recently described the detection of M. pneumonie MLVA-type 3,4,5,7,2 in seven children ttending primry school in Frnce [14]. In our study, ptients were from vriety of loctions in Englnd nd Wles nd, similr to our findings lst yer [5], the dt do not support the hypothesis tht Figure 2 Minimum spnning trees for Mycoplsm pneumonie MLVA types detected in Englnd nd Wles, October Jnury 2011/12 (n=17) nd 2010/11 (n=16) 5,3,5,7,3* 4,4,5,7,3* P T 5,3,6,6 2 P 4,4,5,7 2 T 27 3,4,6, ,4,5, E 2,4,5,7 2 C 2,3,6,6 2 C E U S M S 5,3,5,6,2 U 5,4,5,7,2 M 4,3,5,6,2 P P 4,4,5,7 2 E J J 3,4,5,7 2 U B M B 2,3,5,6 2 M 4,3,5,6,2 E 2,4,5,7 2 Z U 5,4,5,7,2 Z 7,4,5,7,2 2011/ /11 MLVA: Multiocus vrible number tndem repet nlysis. Trees were derived from the five MLVA lleles [11]. Ech circle represents unique MLVA type. The size of ech circle illustrtes the proportion of isoltes with tht MLVA type (the smllest circle in ech tree represents one isolte). Solid lines seprte single locus vrints nd dotted lines seprte double locus vrints. The sterisks mrk the two puttive novel MLVA types. 4
5 single strin type of M. pneumonie ws responsible for this observed increse in infection in Englnd nd Wles. MLVA typing discrimintes well between M. pneumonie-positive specimens. In fct, there is high diversity of types in the popultion nd it does not pper tht few clonl types dominte in circultion. It would be of vlue to hve consistent typing methodology for M. pneumonie strins in use interntionlly, with dtbse of types similr to those for other bcteril species. It would lso be interesting to type strins from other countries during the sme time period to determine how strins differ geogrphiclly during periods of incresed infection. Mcrolide resistnce is becoming n incresing problem in other countries [15]; despite the low smple number, no resistnce ws detected in ny of the qpcrpositive smples from Englnd nd Wles nlysed during the study period. 10. Pitcher D, Chlker VJ, Shepprd C, George RC, Hrrison TG. Rel-time detection of Mycoplsm pneumonie in respirtory smples with n internl processing control. J Med Microbiol. 2006;55(Pt 2): Dégrnge S, Cznve C, Chrron A, Renudin H, Bébér C, Bébér CM. Development of multiple-locus vrible-number tndem-repet nlysis for moleculr typing of Mycoplsm pneumonie. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(4): Hunter PR, Gston MA. Numericl index of the discrimintory bility of typing systems: n ppliction of Simpson s index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26(11): Li X, Atkinson TP, Hgood J, Mkris C, Duffy LB, Wites KB. Emerging mcrolide resistnce in Mycoplsm pneumonie in children: detection nd chrcteriztion of resistnt isoltes. Peditr Infect Dis J. 2009:28(8): Pereyere S, Renudin H, Chrron A, Bébér C. Clonl spred of Mycoplsm pneumonie in primry school, Bordeux, Frnce. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012:18 (2): Bébér C, Pereyre S, Peuchnt O. Mycoplsm pneumonie: susceptibility nd resistnce to ntibiotics. Future Microbiol. 2011; 6(4): Acknowledgments The uthors would like to thnk the Birminghm Reserch Unit of the Royl College of Generl Prctitioners, HPA Influenz Group nd Joy Field, HPA Helth Protection Services. References 1. Lenglet A, Herrdor Z, Mgiorkos AP, Leitmeyer K, Coulombier D, Europen Working Group on Mycoplsm pneumonie surveillnce. Surveillnce sttus nd recent dt for Mycoplsm pneumonie infections in the Europen Union nd Europen Economic Are, Jnury Euro Surveill. 2012;17(5):pii= Avilble from: eurosurveillnce.org/viewarticle.spx?articleid= Polkowsk A, Hrjunpää A, Toikknen S, Lpplinen M, Vuento R, Vuorinen T, et l.. Incresed incidence of Mycoplsm pneumonie infection in Finlnd Euro Surveill. 2012;17(5):pii= Avilble from: eurosurveillnce.org/viewarticle.spx?articleid= Blystd H, Ånestd G, Vestrheim DF, Mdsen S, RønningK. Incresed incidence of Mycoplsm pneumonie infection in Norwy Euro Surveill. 2012;17(5):pii= Avilble from: spx?articleid= Uldum SA, Bngsborg JM, Ghrn-Hnsen B, Ljung R, Mølvdgrd M, Føns Petersen R, et l. Epidemic of Mycoplsm pneumonie infection in Denmrk, 2010 nd Euro Surveill. 2012;17(5):pii= Avilble from: Chlker VJ, Stocki T, Mentsti M, Fleming D, Sdler C, Ellis J, et l. Mycoplsm pneumonie infection in primry cre investigted by rel-time PCR in Englnd nd Wles. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;30(7): Nguipdop Djomo, P. Contribution to understnding the dynmics of Mycoplsm pneumonie infections in Englnd nd Wles [disserttion]. London: London School of Hygiene nd Tropicl Medicine, University of London; Chlker VJ, Stocki T, Mentsti M, Fleming D, Hrrison T. Incresed incidence of Mycoplsm pneumonie infection in Englnd nd Wles in 2010: multiocus vrible number tndem repet nlysis typing nd mcrolide susceptibility. Euro Surveill. 2011;16(19):pii= Avilble from: eurosurveillnce.org/viewarticle.spx?articleid= Helth Protection Agency (HPA). HPA influenz surveillnce grphs. London: HPA; 2 Feb [Accessed 8 Februry 2012]. Avilble from: HPAweb_C/ #pge3 9. Helth Protection Agency (HPA). Lbortory reports to HPA Colindle of infections due to Mycoplsm pneumonie, Englnd nd Wles by dte of report (4 weekly). London: HPA. [Accessed 9 My 2011]. Avilble from:
Estimating the impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic on mortality in the elderly in Navarre, Spain
Rpid communictions Estimting the impct of the influenz pndemic on mortlity in the elderly in Nvrre, Spin J Cstill (jcstilc@nvrr.es) 1, J Etxeberri 1, E Ardnz 1, Y Floristán 1, R López Escudero 1, M Guevr
More informationInvasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report. July September 2017
Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July September 2017 Prepred s prt of Ministry of Helth contrct for scientific services by Rebekh Roos Helen Heffernn October 2017 Acknowledgements This report
More information3.3 Verotoxigenic E. coli
3.3 Verotoxigenic E. coli Summry Number of VTEC cses, 215: 73 Crude incidence rte, 215: 15.9/1, Number of VTEC-ssocited HUS, 215: 22 Number of VTEC cses, 214: 77 Introduction For mny yers, Irelnd hs the
More informationInvasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report July September 2018
Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July Septemer Introduction Since 17 Octoer 2008, invsive pneumococcl disese (IPD) hs een notifile to the locl Medicl Officer of Helth under the Helth Act 1956.
More informationFeeding state and age dependent changes in melaninconcentrating hormone expression in the hypothalamus of broiler chickens
Supplementry Mterils Epub: No 2017_23 Vol. 65, 2018 https://doi.org/10.183/bp.2017_23 Regulr pper Feeding stte nd ge dependent chnges in melninconcentrting hormone expression in the hypothlmus of broiler
More informationClinical Study Report Synopsis Drug Substance Naloxegol Study Code D3820C00018 Edition Number 1 Date 01 February 2013 EudraCT Number
EudrCT Number 2012-001531-31 A Phse I, Rndomised, Open-lbel, 3-wy Cross-over Study in Helthy Volunteers to Demonstrte the Bioequivlence of the Nloxegol 25 mg Commercil nd Phse III Formultions nd to Assess
More informationENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY
ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY VARIATION IN THE DIETARY ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY Shwn Firbirn, John Ptience, Hnk Clssen nd Ruurd Zijlstr SUMMARY Formultion of commercil pig diets requires n incresing degree
More informationDid introduction of pneumococcal vaccines in the Netherlands decrease the need for respiratory antibiotics in children? Analysis of 2002 to 2013 data
Reserch rticles Did introduction of pneumococcl vccines in the Netherlnds decrese the need for respirtory ntibiotics in children? Anlysis of 2002 to 2013 dt G Gefenite (g.gefenite@lumnus.rug.nl) 1,2, M
More informationAppendix J Environmental Justice Populations
Appendix J Environmentl Justice s [This pge intentionlly left blnk] Tble of Contents REFERENCES...J-2 Pge LIST OF TABLES Pge Tble J-1: Demogrphic Overview of Bruinsburg Site Project Are... J-3 Tble J-2:
More informationCord Injuries. on admission, and intermittent catheterization. (IC) was carried out until spontaneous voiding occurred.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1982, P. 856-860 0095-1137/82/110856-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1982, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 5 Pseudomons eruginos Coloniztion in Ptients with Spinl
More informationSeasonal influenza vaccination programme country profile: Ireland
Sesonl influenz vccintion progrmme country profile: Irelnd 2012 13 Seson Bckground informtion Influenz immunistion policy nd generl fcts bout Irelnd Volume indices of GDP per cpit in 2011 nd 2013 (EU-
More informationCommunity. Profile Yellowstone County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Yellowstone County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl
More informationCommunity. Profile Big Horn County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Big Horn County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl
More informationCommunity. Profile Lewis & Clark County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Lewis & Clrk County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl
More informationCommunity. Profile Missoula County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Missoul County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl Risk
More informationMETHOD 4010 SCREENING FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY IMMUNOASSAY
METHOD 4010 SCREENING FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY IMMUNOASSAY 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1.1 Method 4010 is procedure for screening solids such s soils, sludges, nd queous medi such s wste wter nd lechtes
More informationCommunity. Profile Powell County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Powell County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl Risk
More informationXII. HIV/AIDS. Knowledge about HIV Transmission and Misconceptions about HIV
XII. HIV/AIDS Knowledge bout HIV Trnsmission nd Misconceptions bout HIV One of the most importnt prerequisites for reducing the rte of HIV infection is ccurte knowledge of how HIV is trnsmitted nd strtegies
More informationSTATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS IN EXCEL
Microrry Center STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS IN EXCEL Prt 1 Introduction to Sttistics Dr. Petr Nzrov 14-06-2010 petr.nzrov@crp-snte.lu Sttisticl dt nlysis in Excel COURSE OVERVIEW Objectives The course: Reminds
More informationPNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended by the CDC for all your appropriate adult patients at increased risk for pneumococcal disease 1,2 :
PNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended y the CDC for ll your pproprite dult ptients t incresed risk for pneumococcl disese 1,2 : Adults ged
More informationCommunity. Profile Anaconda- Deer Lodge County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Ancond- Deer Lodge County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12
More informationIntroduction Influenza virus type A, a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae, is an enveloped virus with a. Review articles
Review rticles Influenz t the niml humn interfce: review of the literture for virologicl evidence of humn infection with swine or vin influenz viruses other thn A(H5N1) G S Freidl 1,2, A Meijer 1, E de
More informationAnalysis of Regulatory of Interrelated Activity of Hepatocyte and Hepatitis B Viruses
Interntionl Journl of Biomedicl Mterils Reserch 8 6(): -7 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijbmr doi:.648/j.ijbmr.86. ISSN: 33-756 (Print) ISSN: 33-7579 (Online) Anlysis of Regultory of Interrelted
More informationDifferences in hepatitis B infection rate between ethnic groups in antenatal women in Birmingham, United Kingdom, May 2004 to December 2008
Reserch rticles Differences in heptitis B infection rte between ethnic groups in ntentl women in Birminghm, United Kingdom, My 2004 to December 2008 M Cley (Michel.cley@wrwickshire.nhs.uk) 1, T Fowler
More informationCopy Number ID2 MYCN ID2 MYCN. Copy Number MYCN DDX1 ID2 KIDINS220 MBOAT2 ID2
Copy Numer Copy Numer Copy Numer Copy Numer DIPG38 DIPG49 ID2 MYCN ID2 MYCN c DIPG01 d DIPG29 ID2 MYCN ID2 MYCN e STNG2 f MYCN DIPG01 Chr. 2 DIPG29 Chr. 1 MYCN DDX1 Chr. 2 ID2 KIDINS220 MBOAT2 ID2 Supplementry
More informationSingle-Molecule Studies of Unlabelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA
Single-Molecule Studies of Unlbelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA Philipp Nuttll, 1 Kidn Lee, 2 Pietro Ciccrell, 3 Mrco Crminti, 3 Giorgio Ferrri, 3 Ki- Bum Kim, 2 Tim Albrecht 1* 1 Imperil College
More informationCheckMate 153: Randomized Results of Continuous vs 1-Year Fixed-Duration Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
CheckMte 53: Rndomized Results of Continuous vs -Yer Fixed-Durtion Nivolumb in Ptients With Advnced Non-Smll Cell Lung Cncer Abstrct 297O Spigel DR, McCleod M, Hussein MA, Wterhouse DM, Einhorn L, Horn
More informationAssessment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis. Validity of Including Somatic Items on the Beck Depression Inventory II
Assessment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Vlidity of Including Somtic Items on the Beck Depression Inventory II Peggy Crwford, PhD; Noh J. Webster, MA Signs nd symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)
More informationCommunity. Profile Carter County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Crter County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl Risk
More informationOriginal Article. T Akter 1, N Islam 2, MA Hoque 3, S Khanam 4, HA khan 5, BK Saha 6. Abstract:
Fridpur Med. Coll. J. 214;9(2):61-67 Originl Article Nebuliztion by Isotonic Mgnesium Sulphte Solution with Provide Erly nd Better Response s Compred to Conventionl Approch ( Plus Norml Sline) in Acute
More informationRisks for All-Cause Mortality: Stratified by Age, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria
Clinicl Prctice: Mini-Review Received: My 20, 2016 Accepted fter revision: December 14, 2016 Published online: Jnury 27, 2017 Risks for All-Cuse Mortlity: Strtified by Age, Estimted Glomerulr Filtrtion
More informationEpidemiological survey and analysis of asthma in children aged 0-14 years old in urban and rural areas of Chengdu region
Originl Article Epidemiologicl survey nd nlysis of sthm in children ged 0-14 yers old in urbn nd rurl res of Chengdu region Min Li 1, Qiong Zhng 2, Wei-Jun Shi 2, Ln Li 1, Yn Li 2, Ying Png 1, Bin Yo 1,
More informationExtraction and Some Functional Properties of Protein Extract from Rice Bran
Ksetsrt J. (Nt. Sci.) 40 : 209-214 (2006) Extrction nd Some Functionl Properties of Protein Extrct from Rice Brn Chockchi Theerkulkit*, Siree Chiseri nd Siriwt Mongkolknchnsiri ABSTRACT Rice brn protein
More informationSafety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Sarilumab and Intravenous Tocilizumab in Patients With RA
Sfety nd Tolerbility of Subcutneous Srilumb nd Intrvenous Tocilizumb in Ptients With RA Pul Emery, 1 Jun Rondon, 2 Anju Grg, 3 Hubert vn Hoogstrten, 3 Neil M.H. Grhm, 4 Ming Liu, 4 Nncy Liu, 3 Jnie Prrino,
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted t the Rdboud Repository of the Rdboud University Nijmegen The following full text is publisher's version. For dditionl informtion bout this publiction click this link. http://hdl.hndle.net/2066/69691
More informationLATE RESULTS OF TRANSFER OF THE TIBIAL TUBERCLE FOR RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF THE PATELLA1
LATE RESULTS OF TRANSFER OF THE TIBIAL TUBERCLE FOR RECURRENT DISLOCATION OF THE PATELLA1 W. G. J. HAMPSON nd P. HILL, BRISTOL, ENGLAND The uthors wished to determine the lte results of the Huser opertion,
More informationAddendum to the Evidence Review Group Report on Aripiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents (aged years)
Addendum to the Evidence Review Group Report on Aripiprzole for the tretment of schizophreni in dolescents (ged 15-17 yers) Produced by Authors Correspondence to Southmpton Helth Technology Assessments
More informationExercise-induced bronchoconstriction, skin sensitivity,
rchives of Disese in Childhood, 1976, 51, 912. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, skin sensitivity, nd serum IgE in children with eczem J. F. PRICE, J. J. COGSWELL, M. C. JOSEPH, nd G. M. COCHRNE From
More informationEffects of age, density, and seasonality on molt pattern in the mammal genus (Peromyscus)
University of New Hmpshire University of New Hmpshire Scholrs' Repository Honors Theses nd Cpstones Student Scholrship Spring 2015 Effects of ge, density, nd sesonlity on molt pttern in the mmml genus
More informationOriginal Article Altered cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with mycoplasma pneumonia infection
Int J Clin Exp Med 2016;9(8):16548-16557 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0021556 Originl Article Altered cytokine levels in broncholveolr lvge fluids from ptients with mycoplsm pneumoni infection Yinle
More informationUtilization of dental services in Southern China. Lo, ECM; Lin, HC; Wang, ZJ; Wong, MCM; Schwarz, E
Title Utiliztion of dentl services in Southern Chin Author(s) Lo, ECM; Lin, HC; Wng, ZJ; Wong, MCM; Schwrz, E Cittion Journl Of Dentl Reserch, 2001, v. 80 n. 5, p. 1471-1474 Issued Dte 2001 URL http://hdl.hndle.net/10722/53200
More informationPaper-based skin patch for the diagnostic screening of cystic fibrosis
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for ChemComm. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementry informtion Pper-bsed skin ptch for the dignostic screening of cystic fibrosis Xun Mu,*
More informationMortality of patients with multiple sclerosis: a cohort study in UK primary care
Mortlity of ptients with multiple sclerosis: cohort study in UK primry cre The Hrvrd community hs mde this rticle openly vilble. Plese shre how this ccess benefits you. Your story mtters Cittion Jick,
More informationDose-dependent effect of daptomycin on the artificial prolongation of prothrombin time in coagulation abnormalities: in vitro verification
Hshimoto et l. BMC Phrmcology nd Toxicology (2017) 18:74 DOI 10.1186/s40360-017-0180-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Dose-dependent effect of dptomycin on the rtificil prolongtion of prothrombin time in
More informationClinical and epidemiological evaluation of
Clinicl nd epidemiologicl evlution of live, cold-dpted influenz vccine for 3-1 4-yer-olds L.G. Rudenko,1 N.I. Lonsky,2 A.I. Klimov,3 R.I. Vsiliev,4 & A. Rmirez5 Reported is study of live, cold-dpted (CA)
More informationRheumatoid-susceptible alleles of HLA-DRB 1 are genetically recessive to non-susceptible alleles in the progression of bone destruction in the wrists
Annls of the Rheumtic Diseses 1994; 53: 587-592 587 Deprtment of Orthopedic Surgery, Knsi Medicl University, Otokoym Hospitl, Kyoto, Jpn Y Tod Y Mori Deprtment of Orthopedic Surgery, Knsi Medicl University,
More informationUrinary Tract Infection in Men
C H A P T E R 1 9 Urinry Trct Infection in Men Toms L. Griebling, MD Associte Professor & Vice Chir of Urology University of Knss Knss City, Knss Contents INTRODUCTION........................................623
More informationEVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1
Swine Dy 2001 Contents EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1 C. W. Hstd, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen, M. D. Tokch, nd R. D. Goodbnd Summry Two trils were
More informationInhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Pneumonia in People With Asthma
CHEST Originl Reserch Inhled Corticosteroids nd the Risk of Pneumoni in People With Asthm A Cse-Control Study Trici McKeever, PhD ; Timothy W. Hrrison, MD ; Richrd Hubbrd, MD ; nd Dominick Shw, MD ASTHMA
More informationDrug resistance among tuberculosis cases in the European Union and European Economic Area, 2007 to 2012
Surveillnce nd outbrek reports Drug resistnce mong tuberculosis cses in the Europen Union nd Europen Economic Are, 2007 to 2012 M J vn der Werf (mrieke.vnderwerf@ecdc.europ.eu) 1, C Ködmön 1, V Hollo 1,
More informationHypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and obesity in middle-aged Finns with impaired glucose tolerance
Journl of Humn Hypertension (1998) 12, 265 269 1998 Stockton Press. All rights reserved 0950-9240/98 $12.00 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hypertension, hyperinsulinemi nd obesity in middle-ged Finns with impired glucose
More informationWater fl uoridation and dental caries in 5- and 12-year-old children from Canterbury and Wellington
18 10 NEW ZEALAND DENTAL JOURNAL MARCH 004 Wter fl uoridtion nd dentl cries in 5- nd 1-yer-old children from Cnterbury nd Wellington MARTIN LEE AND PETER J DENNISON New Zelnd Dentl Journl 100, No. 1: 10-15;
More informationComparison of three simple methods for the
J. clin. Pth. (1967), 2, 5 Comprison of three simple methods for the ssessment of 'free' thyroid hormone T. M. D. GIMLETTE1 From the Rdio-Isotope Lbortory, St. Thoms's Hospitl, London SYNOPSIS A dilysis
More informationmsmr MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE MONTHLY REPORT INSIDE THIS ISSUE: A publication of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Summary tables and figures
VOL. 17 NO. 09 SEPTEMBER 2010 msmr A publiction of the Armed Forces Helth Surveillnce Center MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE MONTHLY REPORT Source: CDC INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Contct trnsfer of vccini virus from U.S.
More informationLevofloxacin in the Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Including Multidrug-Resistant Strains
Levofloxcin in the Tretment of Pneumoni Cused by Streptococcus pneumonie, Including Multidrug-Resistnt Strins Review Jnet Peterson, PhD Ortho-McNeil Jnssen Scientific Affirs, LLC; Rritn, New Jersey, USA
More informationSurveillance and outbreak reports
Surveillnce nd outrek reports Epidemiologicl nd microiologicl investigtion of lrge outrek of monophsic Slmonell Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- in schools ssocited with imported eef in Poitiers, Frnce, Octoer 2010
More informationAlthough the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Articles
nture publishing group Popultion Study Self-reported smoking sttus nd plsm cotinine concentrtions mong pregnnt women in the Norwegin Mother nd Child Cohort Study Liv G. Kvlvik 1, Roy M. Nilsen 2, Rolv
More informationlaboratory. II. Internal quality control
198 1 Clin Pthol 1995;48:198-22 Clinicl Microbiology nd Public Helth Lbortory, Addenbrooke's Hospitl, Cmbridge CB2 2QW J J Gry T G Wregitt T A McKee P McIntyre C E Roth D J Smith G Sutehll G Higgins R
More informationSoybean Hulls as an Alternative Feed for Horses
Animl Industry Report AS 650 ASL R1931 2004 Soyben Hulls s n Alterntive Feed for Horses Josie Booth Iow Stte University Howrd Tyler Iow Stte University Peggy Miller-Auwerd Iow Stte University Jenette Moore
More informationRegistre des Tumeurs Digestives du Calvados, CJF INSERM 96-03, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de Côte de nacre, Caen cedex, France;
British Journl of Cncer (1999) 81(2), 5 9 Article no. bjoc.1999.0692 Colorectl cncer fter negtive Hemoccult II test nd progrmme sensitivity fter first round of screening: the experience of the Deprtment
More informationT.S. Kurki a, *,U.Häkkinen b, J. Lauharanta c,j.rämö d, M. Leijala c
Europen Journl of Crdio-thorcic Surgery 20 (2001) 1183 1187 www.elsevier.com/locte/ejcts Evlution of the reltionship between preopertive risk scores, postopertive nd totl length of stys nd hospitl costs
More informationFactors influencing help seeking in mentally distressed young adults: a cross-sectional survey
L Biddle, D Gunnell, D Shrp nd J L Donovn Fctors influencing help seeking in mentlly distressed young dults: cross-sectionl survey Lucy Biddle, Dvid Gunnell, Debbie Shrp nd Jenny L Donovn SUMMARY Bckground:
More informationEffect of fungicide timing and wheat varietal resistance on Mycosphaerella graminicola and its sterol 14 α-demethylation-inhibitorresistant
Effect of fungicide timing nd whet vrietl resistnce on Mycospherell grminicol nd its sterol 14 α-demethyltion-inhiitorresistnt genotypes Didierlurent L., Roisin-Fichter C., Snssené J., Selim S. Pltform
More informationStudies of the Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors, Report 14, : An Overview of Cancer and Noncancer Diseases
RADIATION RESEARCH 177, 229 243 (2012) 0033-7587/12 $15.00 Ó2012 by Rdition Reserch Society. All rights of reproduction in ny form reserved. DOI: 10.1667/RR2629.1 Studies of the Mortlity of Atomic Bomb
More informationReports of cases of AIDS, HIV infection, and HIV/AIDS 1
Reports of cses of AIDS, HIV infection, nd HIV/AIDS 1 The HIV/AIDS Surveillnce Report is published nnully by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Surveillnce nd Epidemiology, Ntionl Center for HIV, STD,
More informationRecall Bias in Childhood Atopic Diseases Among Adults in The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study
Syddnsk Universitet Recll Bis in Childhood Atopic Diseses Among Adults in The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study Mørtz, Chrlotte G; Andersen, Klus Ejner; Bindslev-Jensen, Crsten Published in: Act Dermto-Venereologic
More informationGeographical influence on digit ratio (2D:4D): a case study of Andoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delta, Nigeria.
Journl of Applied Biosciences 27: 1736-1741 ISSN 1997 5902 Geogrphicl influence on digit rtio (2D:4D): cse study of Andoni nd Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delt, Nigeri. Gwunirem, Isrel U 1 nd Ihemelndu,
More informationTable 1. Sequence and rates of insecticide sprays in experimental plots of apples, Columbus, Ohio, Treatment
Apple insect mngement by insecticides in Ohio, 2012 Finl report, 12/31/2012 Celeste Welty, Associte Professor of Entomology, The Ohio Stte University Rothenbuhler Lbortory, 2501 Crmck Rd., Columbus OH
More informationLipase and Pancreatic Amylase Activities in Tissues and in Patients with Hyperamylasemia
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Originl Article Lipse nd Pncretic Amylse Activities in Tissues nd in Ptients with Hypermylsemi FRED APPLE, PH.D, PETER BENSON, M.D., LYNNE PREESE, MT, M.B.A., STEVEN EASTEP, M.D., LAURA
More informationEpidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in China
RESEARCH Epidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in Chin Rui-Heng Xu,* Jin-Feng He,* Meirion R. Evns, Guo-Wen Peng,* Hume E Field, De-Wen Yu,* Chin-Kei Lee, Hui-Min Luo,* Wei-Sheng Lin,* Peng Lin,* Ling-Hui
More informationof 333 children who had been successfully immunized close contact with measles patients. 1 million), Zhejiang Province, a closed area in
Durtion of immunity following immuniztion with live mesles vccine: 15 yers of observtion in Zhejing Province, Chin Di Bin,1 Chen Zhihui,2 Liu Qichng,3 Wu Ting,4 Guo Chengyin,4 Wng Xingzi,5 Fng Hnhu,1 &
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. Diagnostic Signs of Accommodative Insufficiency. PILAR CACHO, OD, ÁNGEL GARCÍA, OD, FRANCISCO LARA, OD, and M A MAR SEGUÍ, OD
1040-5488/02/7909-0614/0 VOL. 79, NO. 9, PP. 614 620 OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE Copyright 2002 Americn Acdemy of Optometry ORIGINAL ARTICLE Dignostic Signs of Accommodtive Insufficiency PILAR CACHO,
More informationSupplementary figure 1
Supplementry figure 1 Dy 8 post LCMV infection Vsculr Assoc. Prenchym Dy 3 post LCMV infection 1 5 6.7.29 1 4 1 3 1 2 88.9 4.16 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 5 1.59 5.97 1 4 1 3 1 2 21.4 71 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 5.59.22
More informationEFFECTS OF AN ACUTE ENTERIC DISEASE CHALLENGE ON IGF-1 AND IGFBP-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE
Swine Dy 22 Contents EFFECTS OF AN ACUTE ENTERIC DISEASE CHALLENGE ON IGF-1 AND IGFBP-3 GENE EXPRESSION IN PORCINE SKELETAL MUSCLE B. J. Johnson, J. P. Kyser, J. D. Dunn, A. T. Wyln, S. S. Dritz 1, J.
More informationThe step method: A new adaptive psychophysical procedure
Perception & Psychophysics 1989, 45 (6), 572-576 The step method: A new dptive psychophysicl procedure WILLIAM A. SIMPSON York University, North York, Ontrio, Cnd A new dptive psychophysicl method, the
More informationComparison of Guinea Pig Embryo Cells, Rabbit Kidney Cells, and Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblast Cell Strains for Isolation of Herpes Simplex Virus
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, My 1982, p. 842-847 0095-1137/82/050842-06$02.00/0 Vol. 15, No. 5 Comprison of Guine Pig Embryo Cells, Rbbit Kidney Cells, nd Humn Embryonic Lung Fibroblst Cell Strins
More informationRisk factors for testicular germ cell tumours by histological tumour type
Article no. bjoc.1999.0611 Risk fctors for testiculr germ cell tumours by histologicl tumour type CAC Couplnd 1, CED Chilvers 1, G Dvey 2, MC Pike 3, RTD Oliver 4 nd D Formn 2 on behlf of the United Kingdom
More informationAbstract. Background. Aim. Patients and Methods. Patients. Study Design
Impct of the Use of Drugs nd Substitution Tretments on the Antivirl Tretment of Chronic Heptitis C: Anlysis of Complince, Virologicl Response nd Qulity of Life (CHEOBS). Melin, 1 J.-. Lng, D. Ouzn, 3 M.
More informationphosphatase isoenzyme activity: estimation of
J Clin Pthol 1988;41:202-206 Quntittive method for determining serum lkline phosphtse isoenzyme ctivity: estimtion of intestinl component M J PEAKE, M PEJAKOVIC, G H WHITE From the Deprtment ofbiochemistry
More informationRates of weight change for black and white Americans over a twenty year period
Interntionl Journl of Obesity (2003) 27, 498 504 & 2003 Nture Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307-0565/03 $25.00 www.nture.com/ijo PAPER Rtes of weight chnge for blck nd white Americns over twenty
More informationURINARY incontinence is an important and common
Urinry incontinence in older people in the community: neglected problem? Helen Stoddrt, Jenny Donovn, Elise Whitley, Deborh Shrp nd In Hrvey SUMMARY Bckground: The prevlence nd impct of urinry incontinence
More informationEpidemiology of the Viral Hepatitis-HIV Syndemic in San Francisco: A Collaborative Surveillance Approach
Dt Hrmoniztion nd Registry Mtching Epidemiology of the Virl Heptitis-HIV Syndemic in Sn Frncisco: A Collbortive Surveillnce Approch Meliss A. Snchez, PhD, MA Susn Scheer, PhD, MPH b Sue Shllow, MPH, CACLS
More informationDiabetes is a chronic and highly prevalent condition that
Mediction Adherence nd Improved Outcomes Among Ptients With Type 2 Dibetes Srh E. Curtis, MPH; Kristin S. Boye, PhD; Mureen J. Lge, PhD; nd Luis-Emilio Grci-Perez, MD, PhD Dibetes is chronic nd highly
More informationHEMOGLOBIN STANDARDS*
HEMOGLOBIN STANDARDS* RUSSELL L. HADEN Clevelnd Clinic, Clevelnd, Ohio Estimtions of hemoglobin often re unstisfctory to the lbortory worker nd the reports my be confusing to the clinicin. Unfortuntely,
More informationSalmonella typhi from Blood
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1978, p. 122-126 0095-1137/78/0007-0122$02.00/0 Copyright 1978 Americn Society for Microbiology Lbortory nd Clinicl Investigtion of Recovery of Slmonell typhi from
More informationOut-of-hours primary care: a population-based study of the diagnostic scope of telephone contacts
Fmily Prctice, 2016, Vol. 33, No. 5, 504 509 doi:10.1093/fmpr/cmw048 Advnce Access publiction 21 June 2016 Helth Service Reserch Out-of-hours primry cre: popultion-bsed study of the dignostic scope of
More informationUsing Paclobutrazol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phalaenopsis Orchids
Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phlenopsis Orchids A REPORT SUBMITTED TO FINE AMERICAS Linsey Newton nd Erik Runkle Deprtment of Horticulture Spring 28 Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:0.08/nture0987 SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE Structure of rbbit Xist gene. Exons re shown in boxes with romn numbers, introns in thin lines. Arrows indicte the locliztion of primers used for mplifiction. WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE
More informationTrends in Mortality From COPD Among Adults in the United States
[ Originl Reserch COPD ] Trends in Mortlity From COPD Among Adults in the United Sttes Erl S. Ford, MD, MPH BACKGROUND: COPD imposes lrge public helth burden interntionlly nd in the United Sttes. The objective
More informationThe Effects of High-Oil Corn or Typical Corn with or without Supplemental Fat on Diet Digestibility in Finishing Steers
Beef Reserch Report, 2000 Animl Science Reserch Reports 2001 The Effects of High-Oil Corn or Typicl Corn with or without Supplementl Ft on Diet Digestibility in Finishing Steers Crig R. Belknp Iow Stte
More informationA Study of Serological Markers of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Istanbul, Turkey
Originl Pper Med Princ Prct 2003;12:184 188 DOI: 10.1159/000070757 Received: Decemer 15, 2001 Revised: Decemer 21, 2002 A Study of Serologicl Mrkers of Heptitis B nd C Viruses in Istnul, Turkey S. Erden
More informationEffectiveness of Belt Positioning Booster Seats: An Updated Assessment
ARTICLES Effectiveness of Belt Positioning Booster Sets: An Updted Assessment AUTHORS: Kristy B. Arbogst, PhD, Jessic S. Jermkin, DSc, Michel J. Klln, MS, b nd Dennis R. Durbin, MD, MSCE,b Center for Injury
More informationEFFECTS OF INGREDIENT AND WHOLE DIET IRRADIATION ON NURSERY PIG PERFORMANCE
Swine Dy 21 EFFECTS OF INGREDIENT AND WHOLE DIET IRRADIATION ON NURSERY PIG PERFORMANCE J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokch, J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodbnd, S. S. Dritz 1, J. C. Woodworth, M. J. Webster, B. W.
More informationQuantifying perceived impact of scientific publications
Quntifying perceived impct of scientific publictions Filippo Rdicchi, Alexnder Weissmn, nd John Bollen Center for Complex Networks nd Systems Reserch, School of Informtics nd Computing, Indin University,
More informationIn vitro Activity of Cefditoren against Middle Ear Fluid Isolates from Costa Rican Children with Otitis Media
Clinicl Study Received: June 6, Accepted fter revision: Jnury 5, 5 Published online: April, 5 In vitro Activity of Cefditoren ginst Middle Er Fluid Isoltes from Cost Ricn Children with Otitis Medi Ctlin
More informationsubjects with abnormal respiratory function, abnormal children aged 1 year or less, and the other including
rch. Dis. Childh., 1965, 4, 33. THE RENL EXCRETION O HYDROGEN IONS IN INNTS ND CHILDREN BY LEXNDER PEONIDES, BRNETT LEVIN, nd WINIRED. YOUNG rom the Queen Elizbeth Hospitl for Children, London (RECEIVED
More informationRapid selection of complement-inhibiting protein variants in group A Streptococcus epidemic waves
Rpid selection of complement-inhibiting protein vrints in group A Streptococcus epidemic wves NANCY P. HOE 1, KAZUMITSU NAKASHIMA 1, SLAWOMIR LUKOMSKI 1, DIANA GRIGSBY 1, MENGYAO LIU 1, PARICHHER KORDARI
More informationReport of the Conference on Low Blood
1046 Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortlity Associtions Dvid Jcobs, PhD; Henry Blckburn, MD; Millicent Higgins, MD; Dwyne Reed, MD, PhD; Hiroysu Iso, MD; Grdner McMilln, MD, PhD; Jmes
More information