(Principles, Cardiovascular and Respiratory drugs have been updated)

Transcription

1 Pharmacology Review of Everything (Principles, Cardiovascular and Respiratory drugs have been updated) 2 Abacavir Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 3 Abciximab Antiplatelet Anti-GPIIb/IIIa receptor antibody 4 Acarbose Oral hypoglycemic Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Inhibitor of intestinal glucose absorption 5 Acebutolol Sympatholytic β 1 adrenergic antagonist Class II antiarrhythmic Antianginal Bronchoconstrictor 6 Acetaminophen Analgesic, Antipyretic 7 Acetazolamide Diuretic Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 8 Acetylcholine Cholinomimetic Antigluacoma Muscle contraction (nicotinic receptor) 9 Activated charcoal Antidote 10 Acyclovir Antiherpes Purine analog 1

2 Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase 11 Adalimumab TNF inhibitor Anti-TNF antibody Used in rheumatoid arthritis 12 Adenosine Antiarrhythmic Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization) 13 Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) Anterior pituitary hormone Anticonvulsant Stimulates synthesis and release of cortisol 14 Albendazole Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms 15 Albuterol Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Short acting bronchodilator Used in asthma 16 Aldosterone Adrenocorticosteroid Mineralocorticoid 17 Alemtuzumab Anti-CD52 antibody 18 Alendronate Anti-osteoporesis Bisphosphonate Inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption 19 Alfentanil Opioid General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic 2

3 20 Allopurinol Antigout (supporting agent) Folic acid analogue Xanthine oxidase inhibitor 21 Alosetron IBS treatment 5HT 3 receptor antagonist 22 Alteplase Thrombolytic Tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) 23 Aluminum hydroxide Antiulcer Antacid 24 Amantadine Antiviral Antiparkinson Treatment of Influenza A Inhibits replication at the stage of uncoating Inhibits dopamine release 25 Amikacin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation 26 Amiloride Potassium sparing diuretic Sodium channel inhibitor 27 Aminocaproic acid (EACA) Procoagulant Inhibitor of plasminogen activation (decreases fibrinolysis) 28 Aminoglutethimide Immunosuppressive Glucocorticoid antagonist 3

4 Aromatase inhibitor (decreases steroid synthesis) 29 Aminoglycosides Antibiotics Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitors 30S ribosome Freeze initiation 30 Aminophylline Bronchodilator Methylxanthine Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Used in asthma 31 Amiodarone Class I/III antiarrhythmic Na + and K + channel blocker (inactivated channels) 32 Amitriptyline Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) 33 Amlodipine Calcium channel blocker 34 Amoxicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer Amino penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 35 Amphetamine Indirect sympathomimetic Drug of abuse ADD treatment Stimulant 36 Ampicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Amino penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 37 Amphotericin B Antifungal 4

5 Polyene antibiotic Binds to ergosterol and alters permeability Systemic 38 Amsacrine Miscellaneous 39 Amyl nitrite Vasodilator Antianginal Aerosol 40 Anastrozole Antiestrogen Aromatase inhibitor 41 Angiotensin II Autacoid Vasoconstrictor 42 Anistreplase Thrombolytic Streptokinase + plasminogen 43 Anthraquinones cascara segrada, danthron, senna Contact cathartics 44 Anti-thymocyte globulin Immunosuppressive Anti-T cell antibody 45 Aprepitant dimenhydrinate Antiemetic Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist 46 Aprotinin Procoagulant Fibrinolytic inhibitor Serine protease inhibitor ( serpin ) Streptokinase inhibitor 47 Arsenicals Tropical antiparasitic 5

6 Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS 48 L-asparaginase Protein synthesis inhibitor 49 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) NSAID (acetylsalicylate) Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Antipyretic, Antiplatelet Irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor 50 Aspart insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Ultra short acting 51 Atenolol Sympatholytic β 1 adrenergic antagonist Antiarrhythmic Antianginal Bronchoconstrictor 52 Atorvastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 53 Atovaquone Antimalarial Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits electron transport 54 Atracurium Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles 55 Atropine Anticholinergic Antimuscarinic Treatment for bradycardia, diarrhea, cholinesterase poisoning 56 Auranofin Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) 6

7 Gold salt Oral 57 Aurothioglucose Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) Gold salt Parenteral 58 Azathioprine Immunosuppressive Antimetabolite ( pseudofeedback inhibition of HGPRT and PRP) 59 Azithromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation 60 Aztreonam New β lactam antibiotic Monobactam 61 Bacitracin Antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Topical, not a β lactam, Inhibits dephosphorylation of bactoprenol 62 Baclofen Skeletal muscle relaxant Anxiolytic GABA B agonist 63 Balsalazide NSAID (salicylate) Treatment of IBD 64 Basiliximab Immunosuppressive Anti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) Organ transplant (antirejection) 65 Beclomethasone Adrenocorticosteroid 7

8 Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled 66 Benazopril Converting enzyme inhibitor 67 Benzathine penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking Repository preparation 68 Benztropine Anticholinergic Antiparkinson Muscarinic receptor antagonist 69 Betamethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation 70 Betaxolol Sympatholytic β 1 adrenergic antagonist Glaucoma medication Bronchoconstrictor 71 Bethanecol Cholinomimetic Muscarinic agonist Induces defecation and urination Bronchoconstrictor 72 Bicalutamide Antiandrogen Androgen receptor antagonist 73 Biltolterol Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator 74 Bisacodyl 8

9 Contact cathartic 75 Bismuth subsalicylate Antiulcer Antidiarrheal 76 Bispropolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor 77 Bivalirudin Anticoagulant Direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) 78 Black cohosh Dietary supplement Relief of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms 79 Bleomycin Natural product Antibiotic 80 Botulinum toxin (Botox) Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles 81 Bradykinin Inflammatory mediator Plasma, hypotension, pain 82 Bretylium Sympatholytic Class III antiarrhythmic K + channel blocker 83 Bromocriptine Antiparkinson Dopamine (D 2 ) agonist Inhibits prolactin release 84 Brupropion 9

10 Second generation antidepressant 85 Budesonide Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled OR treatment of IBD 86 Bumetanide Loop diuretic Na + -K + -2Cl - transporter inhibitor 87 Buprenorphine Opioid Partial agonist 88 Buspirone Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic 89 Busulfan Alkylating agent 90 Butorphanol Opioid Analgesic µ receptor partial agonist or antagonist 91 C3a, C5a Inflammatory mediators Anaphylatoxins Low molecular weight complement cleavage products 92 Calcium carbonate Antiulcer Antacid 93 Candesartan Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) 94 Captopril 10

11 Converting enzyme inhibitor Heart failure treatment Angioedema producer 95 Carbamazepine Anticonvulsant 96 Carbenicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 97 Carbidopa Antiparkinson Peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor 98 Carboprost Oxytocic prostaglandin Uterine stimulant 99 Carmustine (BCNU) Alkylating agent Nitrosourea 100 Carteolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor 101 Carvedilol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Treatment for heart failure 102 Cascara sagrada Contact cathartic Anthraquinone derivative 103 Caspofungin Echinocandin antifungal Blocks synthesis of fungal β (1,3)-d-glucan in the cell wall 104 Castor Oil 11

12 Contact cathartic 105 Cefaclor Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation Oral 106 Cefadroxil Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral 107 Cefepime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 4 th generation CSF penetration 108 Cefotaxime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation CSF penetration 109 Cefoxitin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation 110 Ceftazidime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation 111 Ceftriaxone Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation CSF penetration 112 Cefuroxime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation CSF penetration 12

13 113 Celecoxib NSAID Anti-inflammatory Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor 114 Cephalexin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral 115 Cephalosporins Antibiotics β lactam Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan 116 Cephalothin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral 117 Cetirizine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating 118 Cetrorelix Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist Synthetic GnRH analogue 119 Chloral hydrate Sedative/Hypnotic General anaesthetic Acts on GABA A receptor complex Similar to barbiturates 120 Chloramphenicol Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits peptide bond formation 121 Chlordiazepoxide Sedative/hypnotic 13

14 Anxiolytic Benodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex 122 Chloroquine Antimalarial Intercalates in DNA Binds to ferriprotoporphyrin 123 Chlorpheniramine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist 124 Chlorpromazine Antipsychotic Phenothiazine 125 Chlorpropamide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic 126 Chlorthalidone Thiazide-like diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor 127 Chlorothiazide Thiazide diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor 128 Cholestyramine Antihyperlipidemic Bile acid binding resin (BABR) 129 Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg) Gonadotropin Ovulation inducing agent 130 Cidofovir Antiherpes Pyrimidine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase 14

15 131 Cimetidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist 132 Ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DNA replication inhibitor Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase 133 Cisapride Prokinetic agent 5HT 4 agonist 134 Cisplatin Miscellaneous Cross-linking agent 135 Clarithromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation 136 Clavulanic acid β-lactamase inhibitor Combined with antibacterials 137 Clindamycin Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Anaerobic infections 138 Clofibrate Antihyperlipidemic Lipoprotein lipase activator 139 Clomiphene Partial estrogen agonist Ovulation inducing agent 140 Clonidine Sympatholytic 15

16 α 2 adrenergic agonist 141 Clotrimazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol Lanosterol 14α demethylase inhibitor 142 Cloxacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Penicillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 143 Clozapine Antipsychotic 144 Cobalamin (cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin) Vitamin Treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency 145 Cocaine Indirect sympathomimetic Drug of abuse Topical anaesthetic Stimulant Local anaesthetic 146 Codeine Opioid Analgesic Weak agonist 147 Colchicine Antigout only Anti-inflammatory Microtubule inhibitor 148 Colestipol Antihyperlipidemic Bile acid binding resin (BABR) 149 Conjugated estrogens 16

17 Estrogen Used for HRT 150 Corticosterone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid 151 Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid 152 Corticotropin-releasing Hormone (CRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of ACTH and β-endorphin from the anterior pituitary 153 Cromolyn sodium Mast cell stabilizer Inhibits release of mast cell mediators Used prophylactically in asthma 154 Cyclobenzaprine Skeletal muscle relaxant 155 Cyclophosphamide Alkylating agent Nitrogen mustard 156 Cycloserine Antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Secondary TB drug Inhibits formation of Park nucleotide 157 Cyclosporine Immunosuppressive Binds cyclophilin Inhibits calcineurin 158 Cyproterone acetate Antiandrogen androgen receptor antagonist 17

18 159 Cytarabine (AraC) Antimetabolite 160 Dacarbazine Alkylating Agent 161 Daclizumab Immunosuppressive Anti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) antibody Organ transplant (anti-rejection) 162 Dactinomycin Natural product Antibiotic 163 Dalteparin Anticoagulant LMW Heparin ATIII activator 164 Danthron Contact cathartic Anthraquinone derivative 165 Dantrolene Skeletal muscle relaxant Ryanodine receptor antagonist Treatment for malignant hyperthermia 166 Dapsone Sulfone antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Leprosy 167 Daunorubicin Anthracycline antibiotic Natural product 168 Deferoxamine Antidote 18

19 Chelating agent Removes iron 169 Delavirdine Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) 170 Deprenyl/selegiline Antiparkinson Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor (MAO-I) Potentiates effects of L-Dopa 171 Desipramine Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) 172 Desmopressin acetate Synthetic analogue of arginine vasopressin Used in treatment of bleeding disorders 173 Desogesterel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive 174 Dexamethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Antiemetic Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation 175 Dextromethorphan Opioid Antitussive 176 Diazepam Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex 177 Diazoxide Vasodilator 19

20 178 Didanosine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Dideoxyinosine (ddi) 179 Diethylcarbamazine Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal and tissue roundworms 180 Diethylstilbestrol Nonsteroidal estrogen 181 Diflunisal NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 182 Digitalis Cardiac glycoside Antiarrhythmic Na + /K + ATPase inhibitor Positive inotrope Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization) 183 Digitoxin Cardiac glycoside Antiarrhythmic Na + /K + ATPase inhibitor Positive inotrope Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization) 184 Digoxin Cardiac glycoside Antiarrhythmic Na + /K + ATPase inhibitor Positive inotrope Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization) 185 DIG-specific antibody fragments Antidote Cardiac glycoside poisoning 20

21 186 Dihydrotestosterone Androgen Natural male gonadal steroid 187 Diltiazem Class IV antiarrhythmic Ca 2+ channel blocker 188 Dimenhydrinate Antihistamine Antiemetic H 1 receptor antagonist 189 Diphenhydramine Classical antihistamine Antiemetic H 1 antagonist 190 Diphenoxylate docusate Antidiarrheal Opiate 191 Dipyridamole Antiplatelet Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (increases camp) 192 Disopyramide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated channels) 193 Disulfiram Alcoholism treatment Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor 194 Dobutamine Sympathomimetic β 1 adrenergic agonist Inotrope 195 Docusates Lubricating laxatives Stool softeners 21

22 196 Dofetilide Class III antiarrhythmic K + channel blocker 197 Dopamine Sympathomimetic Inotrope Vasodilator 198 Doxazosin Sympatholytic α 1 adrenergic antagonist 199 Doxorubicin Anthracycline antibiotic Natural product 200 Doxycycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl trna attachment 201 Dronabinol Antiemetic Cannabinoid 202 Droperidol Antiemetic D 2 receptor antagonist 203 Drotrecogin alfa (Activated Protein C) Anticoagulant Many actions Treatment for septic shock 204 Dutasteride Antiandrogen Androgen synthesis inhibitor 5α-reductase inhibitor 205 Echinacea purpurea 22

23 Dietary supplement Immune system stimulant 206 Ecothiophate Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor Glaucoma treatment 207 Edrophonium Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Diagnostic for myaesthenia gravis Bronchoconstrictor 208 Efavirenz Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) 209 Enalapril Converting enzyme inhibitor Angioedema producer 210 Enflurane General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic 211 Enfuvirtide (T-20) Antiretroviral Fusion inhibitor 212 Enoxaparin Anticoagulant LMW Heparin ATIII activator 213 Entacapone Antiparkinson Peripheral catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitor 214 Ephedra (Ma Huang) Dietary supplement Amphetamine-like stimulant 23

24 215 Ephedrine Indirect sympathomimetic Vasoconstrictor Bronchodilator Decongestant 216 Epinephrine Sympathomimetic α and β adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Bronchodilator 217 Eplerenone Aldosterone receptor antagonist 218 Eprosartan Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) 219 Ergonovine Oxytocic ergot alkaloid Uterine stimulant 220 Erythromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation 221 Erythropoietin (EPO) Cytokine Primary regulator of RBC synthesis 222 Esmolol Sympatholytic β 1 adrenergic antagonist Class II Antiarrhythmic Bronchoconstrictor 223 Estraderm Estrogen Transdermal formulation 24

25 224 Estradiol Estrogen Primary natural female gonadal steroid 225 Estriol Estrogen Natural female gonadal steroid 226 Estrone Estrogen Natural female gonadal steroid 227 Etanercept TNF inhibitor Tumor necrosis factor receptor + F c portion of IgG Used in rheumatoid arthritis 228 Ethacrynic acid Loop diuretic Na-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor 229 Ethambutol Antibiotic Major drug for tuberculosis 230 Ethanol Drug of abuse Sedative 231 Ethinyl estradiol Estrogen Synthetic female gonadal steroid Combination oral contraceptive 232 Ethionamide Antibiotic Secondary drug for tuberculosis 233 Ethynodiol diacetate Progestin 19-nor testosterone analog Combination oral contraceptive 234 Etidronate 25

26 Anti-osteoporesis Bisphosphonate Inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption 235 Etoposide Natural product Plant alkaloid 236 Ethosuximide Anticonvulsant 237 Etomidate General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic 238 Exemestane Antiestrogen Aromatase Inhibitor 239 Ezitimibe Antihyperlipidemic Cholesterol absorption inhibitor 240 Famciclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase 241 Famotidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist 242 Felodipine Calcium channel blocker 243 Fenofibrate Antihyperlipidemic Lipoprotein lipase activator 244 Fentanyl Opioid 26

27 Analgesic µ receptor agonist 245 Fexofenadine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating 246 Finasteride Antiandrogen Androgen synthesis inhibitor 5α-reductase inhibitor 247 Flecainide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker 248 Fluconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase 249 Flucytosine Antifungal Converted by fungi to 5-fluorouracil faulty RNA and DNA synthesis 250 Fludrocortisone Adrenocorticosteroid Mineralocorticoid 251 Flumazenil Benzodiazepine antagonist Acts on GABA A receptor complex 252 Flunisolide Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled 253 Fluorinated Quinolones ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin Antibiotics DNA replication inhibitors Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase Fluorouracil 27

28 Antimetabolite Thymidylate synthase inhibitor 255 Fluoxetine Antidepressant Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) 256 Flurazepam Sedative/Hypnotic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex 257 Flutamide Antiandrogen Androgen receptor antagonist 258 Fluticasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled 259 Fluvastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor 260 Folic acid Vitamin Treatment for folic acid deficiency 261 Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Anterior pituitary hormone Regulator of gonadal function 262 Formoterol Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Long acting bronchodilator 263 Foscarnet Antiherpes Pyrophosphate analog Directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase 28

29 264 Fosinopril Converting enzyme inhibitor 265 Fulvestrant Antiestrogen Estrogen receptor antagonist 266 Furosemide Loop diuretic Na-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor 267 Ganciclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase 268 Ganirelix Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist Synthetic GnRH analogue 269 Gemfibrozil Antihyperlipidemic Lipoprotein lipase activator 270 Gemtuzumab Anti-CD33 antibody 271 Gentamicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation 272 Ginko biloba Dietary supplement Treatment of Alzheimer symptoms 273 Ginseng Dietary supplement Improvement in energy and vitality 29

30 274 Glargine insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Long acting 275 Glimepiride Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic 276 Glipizide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic 277 Glucagon Pancreatic hormone Stimulates glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis 278 Glutethimide Sedative/Hypnotic 279 Glyburide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic 280 Gold salts Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) 281 Gonadorelin Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Synthetic form of natural GnRH Insulinotropic 282 Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary 283 Goserelin Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist 284 Granisetron 30

31 Antiemetic 5HT 3 receptor antagonist 285 Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Cytokine Granulocyte synthesis stimulator 286 Granulocyte/Monocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Cytokine WBC (granulocytes and monocyte) synthesis stimulator 287 Griseofulvin Antifungal Binds to microtubules 288 Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone (GHRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary 289 Growth Hormone Somatotropin (GH) Anterior pituitary hormone Stimulates insulin-like growth factor I release ( growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth 290 Guanabenz Sympatholytic 291 Guanadrel Sympatholytic 292 Guanethidine Sympatholytic 293 Guanfacine Sympatholytic α 2 adrenergic agonist 294 Haloperidol Antipsychotic 31

32 295 Halothane General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic 296 Heparin Anticoagulant ATIII activator 297 Heroin Drug of abuse Opioid 298 Hirudin Anticoagulant Direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) 299 Histamine Inflammatory mediator Stored in mast cells and basophils 300 Histrelin Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist Synthetic GnRH analogue 301 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Placental hormone Stimulates ovarian progesterone production Maintains placenta 302 Hydralazine Vasodilator 303 Hydrochlorothiazide Thiazide diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor 304 Hydrocortisone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid 305 Hydroxychloroquine 32

33 Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) Hydroxycoumarin Oral anticoagulant Vitamin K synthesis inhibitor 307 Hydroxyurea Miscellaneous Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor 308 Hydroxyzine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist 309 Ibritumomab Anti-CD20 antibody 310 Ibuprofen NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Antipyretic Reversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor 311 Ibutilide Class III antiarrhythmic K + channel blocker 312 Imatinib Miscellaneous Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 313 Imipenem/Cilastatin New β lactam antibiotic Cilastatin inhibits a kidney dipeptidase that inactivates imipenem 314 Imipramine Indirect sympathomimetic Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Antimicturant 315 Indapamide Thiazide-like diuretic 33

34 Na-Cl symporter inhibitor 316 Indinavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI) 317 Indomethacin NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor Tocolytic Uterine relaxant 318 Infliximab TNF inhibitor Anti-TNF monoclonal antibody Treatment of IBD 319 Insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Short acting 320 Interferon alpha Antiviral for hepatitis Cytokine Anti-angiogenesis 321 Interleukin 2 Cytokine 322 Interleukin 11 Cytokine (supporting agent) 323 Iodide Antithyroid Prevents synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (blocks iodine organification) Decreases hyperplasia 324 Iodoquinol 34

35 Antiparasitic Treatment of protozoal infections 325 Ipecac Emetic 326 Ipratropium Anticholinergic Antimuscarinic Inhaled bronchodilator 327 Irbesartan Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) 328 Iressa Miscellaneous Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 329 Irinotecan Natural product 330 Iron (ferrous sulfate, iron dextran) Essential nutrient Required for hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis 331 Isoetharine Sympathomimetic β adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator 332 Isoflurane General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic 333 Isoniazid Antibiotic Inhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acids Major drug for tuberculosis 334 Isoproterenol Sympathomimetic 35

36 β adrenergic agonist Vasodilator Bronchodilator 335 Isosorbide dinitrate Venodilator Used to treat CHF 336 Isradipine Calcium channel blocker 337 Itraconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase 338 Ivermectin Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal and tissue roundworms 339 Kallidin Inflammatory mediator Plasma, hypotension, pain 340 Kaolin Antidiarrheal 341 Kava kava Dietary supplement Stress relief and treatment of insomnia 342 Ketamine General anaesthetic Drug of abuse Sedative 343 Ketoconazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase 344 Ketoprofen NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic 36

37 Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 345 Labetalol Sympatholytic α and β adrenergic antagonist 346 Lactulose Saline (osmotic) cathartic 347 Lamivudine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 348 Lansoprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor 349 Lente insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Intermediate acting 350 Lepirudin Anticoagulant Direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) 351 Letrozole Antiestrogen Aromatase Inhibitor 352 Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) Inflammatory mediator Lipoxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism Chemotactic 353 Leukotrienes C 4, D 4, E 4 (LTC 4,LTD 4,LTE 4 ) Inflammatory mediators Cysteinyl leukotrienes Peptidyl leukotrienes SRS-A Lipoxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism 37

38 354 Leucovorin (supporting agent) Folic acid analogue (used in methotrexate rescue) 355 Leuprolide Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist 356 Levobunolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor 357 Levodopa Antiparkinson Dopamine precursor Inhibits growth hormone release 358 Levonorgestrel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive 359 Levothyroxine (T 4 ) Thyroid hormone 360 Lidocaine Class I antiarrhythmic Local anaesthetic Na + channel blocker (activated and inactivated channels) 361 Linezolid Oxazolidinone antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosomal subunit 362 Liothyronine (T 3 ) Thyroid hormone 363 Lisinopril Converting enzyme inhibitor Heart failure treatment Angioedema producer 38

39 364 Lispro insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Ultra short acting 365 Lithium Antidepressant Used to treat manic/depressive disorder 366 Lomustine (CCNU) Alkylating agent Nitrosourea 367 Loperamide Antidiarrheal Opiate 368 Loratidine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating 369 Lorazepam Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex 370 Losartan Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) 371 Lovastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 372 Lutenizing Hormone (LH) Anterior pituitary hormone Regulator of gonadal function 373 Lypressin Antidiuretic hormone analogue 39

40 374 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Drug of abuse Hallucinogen 375 Macrolides erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin Antibiotics Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitors 50S ribosome 376 Magnesium hydroxide Antiulcer Saline (osmotic) cathartic Antacid 377 Magnesium sulfate Calcium antagonist Tocolytic Uterine relaxant 378 Malathion Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor 379 Mannitol Osmotic diuretic 380 Marijuana Drug of abuse Cannabinoid 381 Mebendazole Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms 382 Meclizine Antihistamine Antiemetic H 1 receptor antagonist 383 Meclofenamate NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic 40

41 Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 384 Mechlorethamine Alkylating agent Nitrogen mustard 385 Medroxyprogesterone Progestin Synthetic progesterone analogue Contraceptive 386 Mefloquine Antimalarial Treatment and prophylaxis for chloroquine resistant Plasmodium 387 Meglumine antimonate Tropical antiparasitic Organic antimonial Treatment of Leishmaniasis 388 Melarsoprol Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS 389 Melphalan Alkylating agent Nitrogen mustard 390 Menotropin Hormone Gonadotropin Ovulation inducing agent 391 Meperidine Opioid analgesic µ receptor agonist 392 Mepivacaine Local anaesthetic 393 Meprobamate Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic 41

42 394 6-Mercaptopurine Antimetabolite ( pseudofeedback inhibition of HGPRT and PRP purine synthesis) 395 Mesalamine (5-ASA) NSAID (salicylate) Treatment of IBD 396 Mesna (supporting agent) Prevent hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide 397 Mestranol Estrogen Synthetic female gonadal steroid Combination oral contraceptive 398 Metamphetamine Drug of abuse Stimulant 399 Metaproterenol Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator Used in asthma 400 Metformin Oral hypoglycemic Biguanide Hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibitor 401 Methacholine Cholinomimetic Bronchoconstrictor 402 Methadone Opioid µ receptor agonist 403 Methenamine Urinary tract antiseptic 42

43 Decomposes to formaldehyde in acidic environment 404 Methicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 405 Methimazol Antithyroid Prevents synthesis of thyroid hormones (blocks iodine organification) 406 Methotrexate Immunosuppressive Folic acid antagonist Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor 407 Methoxamine Sympathomimetic α 1 adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor 408 Methylcellulose Bulk laxative 409 Methydopa Sympatholytic α 2 adrenergic agonist 410 Methylphenidate Indirect sympathomimetic Drug of abuse ADD treatment Stimulant 411 Methylprednisolone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation 412 Methyltestosterone 43

44 Androgen Synthetic oral 413 Metipranolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor 414 Metoclopramide Prokinetic agent Antiemetic D 2 antagonist 415 Metocurine Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles 416 Metolazone Thiazide-like diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor 417 Metoprolol Sympatholytic β 1 adrenergic antagonist Heart failure medication Bronchoconstrictor 418 Metronidazole Antibiotic Antiparasitic Antiulcer Anaerobes Reduction leads to intermediates that damage DNA 419 Metyrapone Glucocorticoid antagonist 420 Mexilitine Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated and inactivated channels) 421 Miconazole Imidazole antifungal 44

45 Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase 422 Midazolam Sedative hypnotic Short-acting benzodiazopine 423 Mifepristone (RU-486) Progesterone antagonist 424 Miglitol Oral hypoglycemic Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Inhibits intestinal glucose absorption 425 Mineral oil Lubricating laxative Stool softener 426 Minocycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl trna attachment 427 Minoxidil Vasodilator 428 Misoprostol Prostaglandin Antiulcer 429 Mitomycin C Natural product Antibiotic 430 Mivacurium Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles 431 Moezipril Converting enzyme inhibitor 45

46 432 Montelukast Leukotriene inhibitor LTR1 and LTD4 antagonist Asthma treatment 433 Moricizine Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker 434 Morphine Opioid Analgesic µ receptor agonist 435 Muromonab-CD3 Immunosuppressive Mouse monoclonal anti-cd3 antibody Organ transplant (anti-rejection) 436 Mycophenolate Immunosuppressive Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity 437 Nadolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist 438 Nafarelin Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist 439 Nafcillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Penicillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 440 Nalbuphine Opioid antagonist µ receptor antagonist 441 Nalidixic acid Urinary tract antiseptic Quinolone Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase 46

47 442 Nalmefene Opioid antagonist 443 Nalorphine Opioid antagonist 444 Naloxone Opioid antagonist 445 Naproxen NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 446 Nateglinide Oral hypoglycemic Meglitinide Insulinotropic 447 Naltrexone Opioid antagonist 448 Nedocromil Mast cell stabilizer Inhibits release of mast cell mediators Used prophylactically in asthma 449 Neomycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation Topical 450 Neostigmine Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Treatment for myaesthenia gravis Promotes defecation and urination Bronchoconstrictor 451 Netilmicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome 47

48 Freezes initiation 452 Nevirapine Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) 453 Nicardipine Calcium channel blocker 454 Nicotine Cholinomimetic Drug of abuse Nicotinic receptor agonist (skeletal muscle contraction) Stimulant Smoking cessation medication 455 Nicotinic acid Antihyperlipidemic Inhibition of VLDL secretion (?) 456 Nifedipine Antianginal Calcium channel blocker 457 Nifurtimox Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of South American Trypanosomiasis; Chagas disease 458 Nisoldipine Calcium channel blocker 459 Nitrendipine Calcium channel blocker 460 Nitrofurantoin Urinary tract antiseptic Reduction leads to intermediates that damage DNA 461 Nitroglycerine Venodilator Antianginal 48

49 462 Nitroprusside Vasodilator 463 Nitrous oxide General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic 464 Nizatidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist 465 Norepinephrine Sympathomimetic Vasoconstrictor 466 Norethindrone Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive 467 Norethynodrel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive 468 Norfloxacin Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DNA replication inhibitor Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase 469 Norgestimate Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive 470 Norgestrel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive 471 Nortriptyline Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) 49

50 472 NPH insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Intermediate acting 473 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitors 474 Nystatin Antifungal Polyene antibiotic Binds to ergosterol & alters permeability Topical 475 Octreotide Somatostatin analogue Peptide hormone inhibitor Decreases growth hormone secretion Decreases gastric and pancreatic secretions 476 Olsalazine NSAID (salicylate) Treatment of IBD 477 Omeprazole/esomeprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor 478 Ondansetron Antiemetic 5HT 3 receptor antagonist 479 Organic antimonials Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of Leishmaniasis 480 Oseltamivir Antiviral Inhibits neuraminidase and decreases viral release Treatment of Influenza A & B 481 Oxacillin 50

51 Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 482 Oxazepam Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex 483 Oxybutinin Anticholinergic Muscarinic receptor antagonist Prevents urination 484 Oxycodone Analgesic Opioid agonist 485 Oxytetracycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl trna attachment 486 Oxytocin Hypothalamic (posterior pituitary) hormone Uterine stimulant 487 Paclitaxel Natural product Plant alkaloid (taxane) 488 Palivizumab Antiviral Monoclonal antibody against the surface of respiratory syncytial virus 489 Pamidronate Anti-osteoporesis Bisphosphonate Inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption 490 Pancuronium 51

52 Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles 491 Pantoprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor 492 Para-aminosalicylic acid Antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Secondary TB drug 493 Paraldehyde Sedative/Hypnotic 494 Parathyroid hormone Hormone Maintains plasma Ca 2+ concentrations 495 Paromomycin Antiparasitic Aminoglycoside antibiotic Treatment of protozoal infections 496 Pectin Antidiarrheal 497 Penbutolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor 498 Penciclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase 499 Penicillins β lactam antibiotics Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan 500 Penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic 52

53 Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Acid labile Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 501 Penicillin V Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor More acid resistant than Penicillin G Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 502 Pentamidine Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis 503 Pentazocine Opioid analgesic µ receptor partial agonist or antagonist 504 Pentobarbital Sedative/Hypnotic Barbiturate 505 Pentostatin Miscellaneous Enzyme inhibitor (blocks purine synthesis) 506 Perindopril Converting enzyme inhibitor 507 Phencyclidine (PCP) Drug of abuse Hallucinogen 508 Phenobarbital Sedative/Hypnotic Anticonvulsant Barbiturate 509 Phenoxybenzamine Sympatholytic α adrenergic antagonist 510 Phentolamine 53

54 Sympatholytic α adrenergic antagonist 511 Phenylephrine Sympathomimetic α 1 adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Nasal decongestant 512 Phenylpropanolamine Indirect sympathomimetic Nasal decongestant Removed from market* (may be in medicine cabinets!) 513 Phenytoin Anticonvulsant Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (inactivated channels) 514 Physostigmine Anticholinesterase Bradycardic Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor 515 Phytonadione Vitamin K Warfarin antagonist 516 Pilocarpine Cholinomimetic Muscarinic agonist Antiglaucoma Bronchoconstrictor 517 Pindolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor 518 Pioglitazone Oral hypoglycemic Thiazolidinedione Insulin sensitizer 54

55 519 Pipecuronium Paralytic Paralyze skeletal muscles 520 Piperacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 521 Pirbuterol Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator 522 Piroxicam NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 523 Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Inflammatory mediator Lipid Hypotensive 524 Polyethylene glycol - electolyte solution Antidote Cathartic 525 Polymyxin B Antibiotic Disrupts gram negative cell membrane Binds phosphatidylethanolamine Bactericidal 526 Pralidoxime Antidote Cholinesterase reactivator 527 Pramipexole Antiparkinson Dopamine agonist (non-ergot) 528 Pravastatin 55

56 Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 529 Prazosin Sympatholytic α 1 adrenergic antagonist 530 Praziquantel Antihelminthic Treatment of trematode (fluke) and cestode (tapeworm) infections 531 Prednisone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory Not by inhalation 532 Primaquine Antimalarial Eliminates hepatic forms of plasmodium 533 Primidone Anticonvulsant 534 Probenecid Uricosuric Adjunct in penicillin therapy 535 Probucol Antihyperlipidemic LDL oxidation inhibitor 536 Procainamide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated channels) 537 Procaine Local anaesthetic 538 Procaine Penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Repository preparation Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 56

57 539 Procarbazine Miscellaneous Probably acts as alkylating agent 540 Prochlorperazine Antiemetic D 2 receptor antagonist Phenothiazine 541 Progesterone Progestin Natural female progestin 542 Proguanil Antimalarial Inhibits plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase 543 Prolactin Anterior pituitary hormone Regulator of lactation 544 Promethazine Classical antihistamine Antipsychotic Antiemetic H 1 antagonist 545 Propafenone Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker Weak β-blocker 546 Propofol General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic 547 Propranolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Class II antiarrhythmic Bronchoconstrictor 548 Propylthiouracil Antithyroid 57

58 Prevents synthesis of thyroid hormones (blocks iodine organification) 549 Prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) Bronchoconstrictor Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism 550 Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) Dinoprostone (Dinoprost) Oxytocic prostaglandin Inflammatory mediator Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism Uterine stimulant Cervical ripener 551 Prostaglandin F 2 (PGF 2 ) Inflammatory mediator Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism 552 Prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ) Inflammatory mediator Inhibits platelet aggregation Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism 553 Protamine Sulfate Heparin antagonist 554 Pseudoephedrine Sympathomimetic α and β adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Nasal decongestant 555 Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid Bulk laxative 556 Pyrantel Pamoate Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms 557 Pyrazinamide Antibiotic Major drug for tuberculosis 558 Pyridostigmine Anticholinesterase 58

59 Vasodilator Treatment for myaesthenia gravis Bronchoconstrictor 559 Pyrimethamine Antimalarial Protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor 560 Quinapril Converting enzyme inhibitor 561 Quinethazone Thiazide-like diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor 562 Quinidine Antimalarial Protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Class I antiarrhythmic Intercalates in DNA Binds to ferriprotoporphyrin Na + channel blocker 563 Quinine Antimalarial Intercalates in DNA Binds to ferriprotoporphyrin 564 Quinopristin/Dalfopristin Streptogramin antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosomal subunit 565 Rabeprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor 566 Radioactive Iodide ( 131 I) Antithyroid Destruction of thyroid parenchyma 567 Raloxifene Antiestrogen 59

60 Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) 568 Ramipril Converting enzyme inhibitor 569 Ranitidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist 570 Rebamipide Antiulcer 571 Repaglinide Oral hypoglycemic Meglitinide Insulinotropic 572 Reserpine Sympatholytic 573 Resperidone Antipsychotic 574 Reteplase Thrombolytic Tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) 575 Ribavirin Antiviral Primarily used as aerosol for respiratory syncytial virus 576 Rifampin Antibiotic Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase Major drug for TB 577 Rimantadine Antiviral Inhibits replication at the stage of uncoating Treatment of Influenza A 60

61 578 Ritodrine Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Tocolytic Uterine relaxant 579 Ritonavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI) 580 Rituxumab Anti-CD20 antibody 581 Rocuronium Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles 582 Rofecoxib NSAID Anti-inflammatory Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor 583 Ropinirole Antiparkinson Dopamine agonist (non-ergot) 584 Rosiglitazone Oral hypoglycemic Thiazolidinedione Insulin sensitizer 585 Salmeterol Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Long acting bronchodilator 586 Saquinavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI) 587 Saw palmetto Dietary supplement Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 61

62 588 Senna Contact cathartic Anthraquinone derivative 589 Scopolamine Anticholinergic Antiemetic Muscarinic receptor antagonist 590 Sertraline Antidepressant Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) 591 Sildenafil Vasodilator Promotes erection 592 Silver sulfadiazine Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Topical 593 Simethicone Anti-flatulent 594 Simvastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 595 Sirolimus Immunosuppressive Binds FKBP, inhibits mtor (mammalian kinase target of rapamycin) & cell cycle progression 596 Sodium bicarbonate Antiulcer Antidote Antacid Alkalinization of urine to treat drug toxicity (esp. barbiturates, salicylates, methanol) 597 Sodium phosphate Saline (osmotic) cathartic 598 Sodium stibogluconate 62

63 Tropical antiparasitic Organic antimonial Treatment of Leishmaniasis 599 Somatostatin Somatotropin Release-inhibiting Hormone (SRIH) Hypothalamic hormone Inhibits release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary 600 Somatrem Growth hormone analogue Stimulates insulin-like growth factor I release ( growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth 601 Somatropin Growth hormone analogue Stimulates insulin-like growth factor I release ( growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth 602 Sotolol Class II antiarrythmic Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist 603 Spectinomycin Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome 604 Spironolactone Potassium sparing diuretic Antiandrogen Aldosterone receptor antagonist Androgen receptor antagonist Testosterone synthesis inhibitor Heart failure treatment 605 St. John s Wort Dietary supplement Antidepressant 606 Streptokinase Thrombolytic 63

64 607 Streptomycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation 608 Succinylcholine Paralytic Depolarizing blocker Paralyzes skeletal muscles Bronchoconstrictor 609 Sucralfate Antiulcer 610 Sufentanil Opioid General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic 611 Sulfacetamide Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Topical 612 Sulfadoxine Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor 613 Sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase 614 Sulfasalazine Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) Metabolized to sulfonamide + salicylate (NSAID) Treatment of IBD 64

65 615 Sulfinpyrazone Uricosuric Anti-gout 616 Sulfisoxazole Sulfonamide antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase 617 Sulfonamides Antibiotics Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitors Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase 618 Sulindac NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 619 Suramin Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis 620 Tacrolimus Immunosuppressive Binds FKBP (FK506 binding protein) Inhibits calcineurin 621 Tamoxifen Antiestrogen Estrogen receptor anatagonist 622 Tegaserod IBS treatment 5HT 4 receptor agonist 623 Telmisartan Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) 624 Temazepam 65

66 Sedative/Hypnotic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex 625 Tenecteplase Thrombolytic Tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) 626 Terazosin Sympatholytic α 1 adrenergic antagonist Treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy 627 Terbinafine Allylamine antifungal Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase 628 Terbutaline Sympathomimetic β 2 adrenergic agonist Short acting bronchodilator Tocolytic Uterine relaxant 629 Testosterone Androgen Natural male gonadal steroid 630 Testosterone cypionate Androgen Synthetic depot 631 Testosterone enanthate Androgen Synthetic depot 632 Testosterone propionate Androgen Synthetic depot 633 Tetracaine Local anaesthetic 634 Tetracycline 66

67 Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl trna attachment 635 Thalidomide Leprosy treatment Anti-angiogenic Anti-TNFα 636 Theophylline Bronchodilator Methylxanthine Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Used in asthma 637 Thiabendazole Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms Thioguanine Antimetabolite ( pseudofeedback inhibition of HGPRT and PRP purine synthesis) 639 Thiopental General Anaesthetic Ultra-short-acting barbiturate 640 Thioridazine Antipsychotic Phenothiazine 641 Thiotepa Alkylating agent 642 Thiothixene Antipsychotic 643 Thrombopoietin Cytokine Platelet synthesis stimulator 644 Thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) 67

68 Autacoid Promotes platelet aggregation Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism 645 Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary 646 Thyrotropin Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) Anterior pituitary hormone Stimulates production of thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroglobulin 647 Ticarcillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking 648 Ticlopidine Antiplatelet ADP receptor antagonist 649 Timolol Sympatholytic β adrenergic antagonist Glaucoma treatment Anti-anginal Bronchoconstrictor 650 Tissue plasminogen activators Thrombolytics 651 Tobramycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation 652 Tocainide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated channels) 68

69 653 Tolbutamide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic 654 Tolterodine Anticholinergic Muscarinic receptor antagonist Prevents urination 655 Toremifene Estrogen antagonist Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) 656 Tosemide Loop diuretic Na-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor 657 Trandopril Converting enzyme inhibitor 658 Tranylcypromine Antidepressant Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO-I) 659 Trastuzumab Anti-HER2 antibody 660 Triamcinolone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled 661 Triamterene Potassium sparing diuretic Sodium channel inhibitor 662 Triazolam Sedative/Hypnotic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex 69

70 663 Trifluoperazine Antipsychotic Phenothiazine 664 Trifluridine Antiherpes Pyrimidine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase 665 Trihexyphenidyl Antiparkinson Antimuscarinic 666 Trimethaphan Sympatholytic Anticholinergic Nicotinic antagonist 667 Trimethoprim Antibiotic Protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase 668 Tripelennamine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist 669 Tubocurarine Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles 670 Tumor necrosis factor α Cytokine 671 Tyramine Indirect sympathomimetic Vasoconstrictor Vasopressor 672 Ultralente insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Long acting 70