11/20/18. MICROBIOME AND THE BRAIN: How your gut impacts Wellbeing. Agenda. Session 1 Reminder. Session Two. Sue Langley

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1 MICROBIOME AND THE BRAIN: How your gut impacts Wellbeing Session Two Sue Langley Langley Group IP Trust Agenda 2. Implications and research 1. Introduction to your microbiome 3. What next? Session 1 Reminder 1,000,000,000,000 cells 40,000 strains Fight to stay alive Bacteria dies when you die, which is why they work so hard to keep you healthy Look after them! 1

2 Impact? The microbiome research links to many areas: Depression and anxiety IBS Diabetes Obesity Cancer Psoriasis Eczema Rheumatoid arthritis Autoimmune disorders Allergies and asthma Autism and Aspergers Schizophrenia and Bipolar Multiple sclerosis Fragile X Epilepsy Crohn s disease Pain Addiction Strokes Alzheimers and Parkinsons And.. co-morbidity? Implications This session will cover: The implications of the research around the relationship between out microbiome and our brain What is this research telling us? Related disorders and the influence of the gut brain relationship What s new in this area? The power of our poop! Feeding our microbiome with a helpful diet The implications for strokes, coeliac disease, autism, autoimmune disorders, depression, dementia and Alzheimer s Implications mating choice? Langley Langley Group Group IP IP Trust Trust 2

3 Implications - Oral bacteria Oral bacteria can travel to the placenta when pregnant. If oral bacteria is unbalanced can lead to premature delivery, dysbiosis and depression later in your baby s life. Bodily invasion by oral bacteria has been associated with cancer, arthritis and heart disease? Implications Treatment Does your microbiome influence how your brain responds to antidepressants? Does your microbiome influence how your body responds to chemotherapy? Or other treatments? Research - BCAA Treating autism with BCAA has shown early success Lower BCAA is linked to moving away from social behaviour towards object behaviour Injecting BCAA into the brain corrects the behaviour. 3

4 Research Amino acids Deprivation links to: Cognitive decline and function Poor decision making Can block learning Research Butyrate Improves glucose tolerance Soothes immune cells Encourages cellular repair in your brain Cognitive decline and function Poor decision making Can block learning Butyrate The disappearance of beneficial microbes could be a major contributor to the rise of anxiety and depression. Scott C Anderson 4

5 One in five Australians experience a mental illness within a 12-month period Almost half (45%) of Australians aged years will experience a mental illness at some stage in their lives Mental disorders are the third leading cause of disability burden in Australia, accounting for an estimated 27% of the total years lost due to disability Major depression accounts for more days lost to illness than almost any other physical or mental disorder About 14% of Australians will be affected by anxiety disorders in a 12-month period About 4% of people will experience depression in a 12-month period and 20% will be affected in their lifetime Postnatal depression affects between 10 to 20% of all new mothers to some degree Background info: 20 x increase in ADHD 40 x increase in bipolar 4 x disability due to mental illness 1/8 th NZ prescribed anti-depressants Comorbidity: GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) People with anxiety three times more likely to have GERD Results: Children treated with Ritalin short term benefits, long term deficits Children treated with anti-depressants three times more likely to be diagnosed with bipolar Stress normal stress response restored if healthy microbiome restored Anxiety normal anxiety response restored if healthy microbiome restored Depression mood transferable from depressed human to healthy rat through fecal matter Cross species transfer! Bercik,

6 Bifido, lacto and propionibacteria can all produce B vitamins, including B12, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin and folic acid A shortage of these vitamins has been linked to depression Implications for your brain Three mood centres in the brain: Ventral striatum or ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine and reward Raphe nuclei (RN) distributes serotonin which links to mood Locus ceruleus (LC) produces norepinephrine helps you wake up and pay attention Neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine can make you happy, and their lack can make you depressed or anxious. And microbes make them! Implications for your brain Bacteria produce neurotransmitters Lacto and bifido produce GABA dials down anxiety; calms immune system Streptococus and Escherichia produce serotonin links to mood; also helps digestion The gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system through neural, immune and endocrine pathways therefore influences brain function and behaviour. 6

7 Implications social behaviour Lactobacillus reuteri Implications social behaviour #1 contributor to wellbeing.? Distress Many things can contribute to our bacteria getting out of whack and causing leaky gut or other microbiome issues. Infections Inflammation Chronic stress Overuse of painkillers Repeated antibiotic use Excessive alcohol consumption Autoimmune disorders IBD and IBS Gluten sensitivity or food allergies Radiation or chemotherapy Overeating Lack of exercise 7

8 My theory.sofu Remember this? My theory.sofu Your GI tract is covered with the well-known polymer known as mucus. The slime that flows out of your nose when you are sick. That is your body s way of flushing out bacteria and viruses. Questions 8

9 Next time. 2. Implications and research 1. Introduction to your microbiome 3. What next? Thank you! Langley Langley Group Group IP IP Trust Trust 9