Multilingual Cancer Glossary

Transcription

1 Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द

2 The Multilingual Cancer Glossary has been developed to provide language professionals working in the cancer field with access to accurate and culturally and linguistically appropriate cancer terminology. The glossary addresses the known risk of mistranslation of cancer specific terms in resources in languages other than English. Acknowledgements This project is a Cancer Australia Supporting people with cancer Grant initiative, funded by the Australian Government. The Australian Cancer Survivorship Centre, A Richard Pratt legacy would like to thank and acknowledge all parties who contributed to the development of the glossary. We particularly thank members of the project steering committee and working group, language professionals and community organisations for their insights and assistance. Disclaimer The information contained within this booklet is given as a guide to help support patients, carers, families and consumers understand their healthand support their health decision making process. The information given is not fully comprehensive, nor is it intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any medical conditions. If you require medical assistance please contact your local doctor or call Peter Mac on To the maximum extent permitted by law, Peter Mac and its employees, volunteers and agents are not liable to any person in contract, tort (including negligence or breach of statutory duty) or otherwise for any direct or indirect loss, damage, cost or expense arising out of or in connection with that person relying on or using any information or advice provided in this booklet or incorporated into it by reference.

3 CONTENTS A Pg. 1 M Pg. 39 B Pg. 7 N Pg. 44 C Pg. 11 O Pg. 47 D Pg. 17 P Pg. 48 E Pg. 19 Q Pg. 55 F Pg. 22 R Pg. 55 G Pg. 24 S Pg. 60 H Pg. 27 T Pg. 66 I Pg. 30 U Pg. 69 J Pg. 34 V Pg. 70 K Pg. 34 W Pg. 72 L Pg. 35 X Pg. 72 Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द

4 A abdominoperineal (AP) resection एब ड म न प र ननयल (एप ) व च छ दन Surgery to remove the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon. Most often used to treat cancers located very low in the rectum or in the anus. ablation प थक क न Destroys a tumour without removing it. Ablation may be performed by surgery, hormones, drugs, radiofrequency, heat, or other methods that destroy cancer cells. accelerated radiotherapy त र त डडय थ प Where the total dose of radiation is divided into small doses and given more than once a day. The total dose of radiation is given over a shorter period of time compared to standard radiation therapy acral lentiginous melanoma एक रल ल ट ज नस ल न A type of melanoma arising on the palms or soles. active surveillance सक रक रय नन क षण are changes in test results that show the condition is getting worse. acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) एक य मलम फ ब ल जट क ल य क म य (एएलएल) A type of blood cancer characterised by an overproduction of immature white blood cells, called lymphoblasts. Also called acute lymphocytic leukaemia. acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) एक य यल इड ल य क म य (एए एल) A type of blood cancer characterised by an overproduction of immature white blood cells, called myeloblasts. acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APML) त व र प र इल मसट क ल य क म य (एप ए एल) A type of blood cancer characterised by a switching of two chromosomes within the DNA (chromosomes 15 and 17). Part of the same family as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); however, is treated differently to other types of AML. adenocarcinoma एडडन क मस न Cancer that begins in glandular (secretory) cells. Most cancers of the breast, pancreas, lung, prostate, and colon are adenocarcinomas. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 1

5 A cont. adenoma एडडन A benign tumour that arises in or resembles glandular tissue. If an adenoma becomes cancerous, it is called an adenocarcinoma. adenopathy एडडन प थ Large or swollen lymph nodes. adenosquamous carcinoma एडडन टक स क मस न A type of cancer that contains two types of cells: squamous cells (thin, flat cells that line certain organs) and gland-like cells. adhesion (cellular) आस न (क म क य) The close adherence (bonding) to adjoining cell surfaces. adhesion (general) आस न (स न य) An abnormal adhering of surfaces due to inflammation or injury. adjuvant therapy सह यक च क रकत स Treatment given in addition to surgery and radiation to treat breast cancer that may have spread to other parts of the body. It may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and/or hormone therapy adrenal glands अच क क ग र चथय Endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. advanced breast cancer उन नत टतन क स See metastatic breast cancer. adverse effects प रनतक ल प रभ An undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery. An adverse effect may also be called a "side effect" AIDS-related cancers एड स-स ब च त क स Cancers that people with HIV/AIDS have a higher chance of developing. These include: Kaposi sarcoma, Non- Hodgkin lymphoma and Cervical cancer. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 2

6 A cont. allergic reaction एलज क प रनतक रक रय A condition where the immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. allied health professional स बद ध ट ट य प Examples include psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and dietitians. allogeneic stem cell transplant एल ननक ट क म क प रत य पण A procedure in which a person receives blood-forming stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop) from a genetically similar, but not identical, donor. alopecia ग पन Loss of hair from the head or body. A common side effect of chemotherapy. alternative therapies कजल पक च क रकत स पद धनतय Treatments that are used instead of standard (traditional) treatments. Alternative therapies may include special diets, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, and magnet therapy. anal cancer ग द क स A type of cancer that occurs in the anal canal. anaplastic thyroid cancer एन प ल जट क थ य यड क स A rare, aggressive type of thyroid cancer in which the cancer cells look very different from normal thyroid cells. anastomosis एन ट मसस The surgical connection of normally separate parts. For example, connecting the healthy sections of the colon or rectum after a cancerous or otherwise diseased portion has been surgically removed. androgen deprivation therapy ए ड र न अभ च क रकत स Therapy which acts by either stopping testosterone production or by blocking the action of testosterone on the cells and tissues. androgens ए ड र न Male sex hormones that increase at puberty. The most important androgen is testosterone. angiogenesis (tumour) ए ज य न मसस (ट य ) The growth of new blood vessels that tumours need to grow. This process is caused by the release of chemicals by the tumour and by host cells near the tumour. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 3

7 A cont. angiogenesis inhibitors ए ज य न मसस अ क Medication that blocks angiogenesis. Examples include Bevacizumab (Avastin), Lenalidomide (Revlimid) and Thalidomide (Synovir, Thalomid). Also known as anti-angiogenics. angiosarcoma ए ज य स क A cancer of the inner lining of blood vessels. It can occur in any area of the body, most commonly in the skin, breast, liver, spleen, and deep tissue. anterior resection अचग र व च छ दन An operation to remove the rectum or a part of it. antibody ए ब ड Proteins made by the immune system that bind to specific markers on cells or tissues, generally in response to infection or vaccination. antibody therapy ए ब ड च क रकत स Treatment that uses antibodies to help the body fight cancer, infection, or other diseases. anticoagulant थक क An agent that is used to prevent the formation of blood clots. antiemetic न A drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting. antifungal क क A drug that treats infections caused by fungi. antigen ए न A substance that causes the body to make an immune response. These include toxins, chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or other substances that come from outside the body. anti-oestrogens एटर न- Medication that stops oestrogen in the body from attaching to cancer cells. One of the most well known is tamoxifen. apheresis एफ मसस A procedure where blood is temporarily taken from the body, one or more parts removed, then transfused back into the body. Also called pheresis or haemapheresis. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 4

8 A cont. apoptosis एप प मसस A type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. Also called programmed cell death. appendix cancer पर व क क स Cancer that occurs in the appendix tissue. areola एर य ल The coloured area of skin around the nipple. aromatase inhibitors ए स अ Hormone therapy drugs that lower oestrogen levels in the body. Used to treat postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer asbestosis एटब ट मसस A chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibres. Prolonged exposure to these fibres can cause lung tissue scarring and shortness of breath. ascites एस इट स A build-up of fluid between the two layers (membranes) that form the lining of the abdomen aspiration (diagnosis) एजटप न (ननद न) A type of biopsy procedure, used to help make a diagnosis or rule out conditions such as cancer. A thin needle is inserted into an area of abnormal-appearing tissue or body fluid to collect a sample. Types include fine needle or bone marrow aspiration. aspiration (side effect) एजटप न (द ष प प रभ ) A condition in which food, liquids, saliva or vomit is breathed into the airways. astrocytoma एटर स य brain. autologous ऑ ल गस Involving one individual as both donor and recipient. For example, an autologous blood transfusion or an autologous bone marrow transplant. autologous stem cell transplant ऑ ल गस ट क म क प रत य पण Where a person's own blood-forming stem cells are collected and then later transplanted back into the patient, usually following treatment. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 5

9 A cont. axilla एजक सल The area under the arm or armpit. axillary dissection/clearance एजक सल व च छ दन/ननक स A surgical procedure to remove some or all the lymph nodes under the arm so they can be examined under the microscope to check whether cancer cells are present. axillary lymph nodes एजक सल मलम फ न ड स The lymph nodes in the axilla, the area under the arm or armpit. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 6

10 B Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) ब मसलस क ल -ग य र न (ब स ) An immunotherapy used for treating early-stage bladder cancer. BCG is put directly into the bladder through a catheter. The treatment triggers an inflammatory response in the bladder that can prevent the tumour from growing. Treatment is usually given once a week for 6 weeks. barium enema ब र य एन A diagnostic test used to detect cancer in the bowel. A white chalky liquid containing barium sulphate is put into the rectum and x-rays are taken. barium meal ब र य ल A diagnostic test used to detect abnormalities of the stomach and small bowel. X-rays are taken after the patient drinks a liquid containing barium sulphate, which coats the inner walls of the gastrointestinal tract so they can be seen on X-ray. barium swallow ब र य ट ल A diagnostic test used to detect abnormalities of the pharynx and the oesophagus. X-rays are taken after the patient drinks a liquid containing barium sulphate, which coats the inner walls of the gastrointestinal tract so that they can be seen on X-ray. basal cell ब सल क म क A small, round cell found in the lower part (or base) of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ब सल क म क क मस न (ब स स ) A type of cancer that begins in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin). It may appear as a small white or flesh-coloured bump that grows slowly and may bleed. Also called basal cell cancer. baseline आ भ त An initial measurement that is taken at an early time point to represent a beginning condition, and is used for comparison over time to look for changes. For example, the size of a tumour will be measured before treatment (baseline) and then afterwards to see if the treatment had an effect. basement membrane ब स झ ल ल A thin, delicate membrane of protein fibres and mucopolysaccharides separating an epithelium from underlying tissue. benign स म य Not cancerous. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 7

11 B cont. bilateral द व पक ष य Involving both sides, such as both breasts. bile duct cancer वपत त टहक क स A type of cancer that occurs in the bile duct, the slender tubes that carry bile (the digestive fluid) through the liver. Types of bile duct cancer include Klatskin tumours (also called perihilar cancers), intrahepatic, common and multifocal bile duct cancer. biological therapies व क च क रकत स पद धनतय A type of treatment that uses substances made from living organisms to treat disease. These substances may occur naturally in the body or may be made in the laboratory. Types of biological therapy include immunotherapy (such as vaccines, cytokines, and some antibodies), gene therapy, and some targeted therapies. biopsy ब य प स The removal of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. bisphosphonates बबसफ टफ न ट स Drugs that help prevent or slow down bone thinning (osteoporosis). They can help to treat some types of cancer that cause bone damage. bladder cancer त र य क स Cancer that occurs in the tissues of the bladder. bone cancer अजटथ क स A type of cancer that occurs in the bone. The three main types of bone cancer are osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. bone marrow अजटथ ज The soft, fatty tissue inside the bones. Bone marrow produces blood cells. bone marrow aspiration अजटथ ज एजटप न A procedure that removes a sample of the liquid portion of bone marrow for testing purposes. bone marrow biopsy अजटथ ज ब य प स A procedure that removes a small, solid piece of bone marrow. bone marrow transplant अजटथ ज प रत य पण A procedure to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. bone scan अजटथ टक न A nuclear medicine test which shows the effects of a disease, such as cancer, on the bones. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 8

12 B cont. bowel cancer आ त क क स Cancer that occurs on the inside wall of the bowel, usually affecting the colon or rectum (large bowel). bowel obstruction आ त अ When there is a blockage in the bowel. bowel preparation आ त क त य Cleansing of the intestines from faecal matter and secretions before a diagnostic procedure or treatment can be initiated for certain colorectal diseases. brachytherapy ब र क थ प A form of internal radiation therapy where a small radioactive source is delivered directly to the tumour. brain metastases जटतष प क ट मसस Cancer cells that have spread to the brain from primary tumours in other organs in the body. brain tumour जटतष प क क ट य A type of tumour that develops in the tissues of the brain. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene ब आ स ए 1 औ ब आ स ए 2 न ovarian and certain other cancers breakthrough pain ब र कथ र दद A sudden flare of pain that "breaks through" the long-acting medication prescribed to treat moderate to severe persistent pain. breast टतन Glandular organs on the chest, made up of lobules (milk-producing glands) and ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple). breast cancer टतन क स Cancer that occurs in the breast. breast care nurse टतन द खभ ल नस Health professionals who are specially trained to manage the care of breast cancer patients throughout the course of their treatment. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 9

13 B cont. breast conserving surgery टतन स क षण स The removal of cancer within the breast with a border of normal tissue around it. Also known as wide local excision, lumpectomy or partial mastectomy. breast density टतन घनत A measure used to describe the amounts of fat and tissue seen in the breast as seen on a mammogram. breast implant टतन इ प ल A silicone gel-filled or saline-filled sac placed under the chest muscle to restore breast shape. Used as part of breast reconstruction after a mastectomy. breast prostheses टतन प र टथ स स Temporary or permanent moulds worn in the bra to replicate the shape of a breast. breast reconstruction टतन प ननन ण Surgery to create a breast shape after all or part of the breast has been removed. breast surgeon टतन स न A doctor specialising in surgery of the breast. bronchoscopy ब र क टक प A procedure that uses a bronchoscope (a thin, tube-like instrument) to examine the inside of the trachea, bronchi and lungs. bronchus/bronchi श सन नमलक /श सन नमलक ए Part of the respiratory tract. The trachea divides into a right and left main bronchus. Each major bronchus then subdivides into smaller airway passages referred to as bronchi. Burkitt lymphoma बक रक मलम फ A form of non-hodgkin's lymphoma in which cancer starts in immune cells called B-cells. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 10

14 C cachexia क जक सय Classified as progressive weight loss, anorexia, and persistent erosion of host body cell mass in response to a malignant growth. calcifications क जल सय क Deposits of calcium in the breast that appear as bright white spots on a mammogram. Most calcifications are not cancer. However tight clusters (microcalcifications) can be a sign of breast cancer. cancer क स A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) क स ए ट न 125 (स ए-125) A protein found on the surface of many ovarian cancer cells. CA-125 is used as a tumour marker, which means the test can help show if some types of cancer are present. cancer incidence rate क स घ न द The number of new cancers of a specific site/type occurring in a specified population during a year. Usually expressed as the number of cancers per 100,000 population at risk. cancer journey क स य त र cancer mortality क स त य -द The number of deaths, with cancer as the underlying cause of death, occurring in a specified population during a year. Usually expressed as the number of deaths due to cancer per 100,000 population. cancer of unknown primary origin अज ञ त प र थम क ल क क स A rare disease in which cancer cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began is not known. cancer risk क स क खत The chance that a person will develop cancer, or the chance that a cancer will come back or recur. cancer screening क स क Looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. May include pathology tests, imaging, genetic testing or physical examinations Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 11

15 C cont. cancer spread क स क फ ल The spread of cancer to a new part of the body is called metastasis. cancer survivor क स उत त Any person diagnosed with cancer, from the time of initial diagnosis until his or her death. cancer treatment क स क उप How cancer is treated. This may include watchful waiting, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy or other cancer treatments. cancer treatment efficacy क स क उप क प रभ क र त The ability of a cancer treatment to produce the desired or intended result. cancerous क स ग रटत Affected by or showing abnormalities characteristic of cancer. cannula क न य ल A plastic tube inserted into the body so that fluids can be introduced or removed. carcinogen क मस न न A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue. carcinoid (neuroendocrine) tumour क मस न इड (न य ए ड क र इन) ट य A rare tumour that begins in cells in the neuroendocrine system. Usually in the appendix and small bowel, but sometimes in the pancreas, lungs, stomach, ovaries, kidneys or testicles. carcinoma क मस न A type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys. carcinoma in situ उद ग -टथल जटथत क मस न An early stage cancer that is still confined to the layer of tissue from which it started, and has not spread to surrounding tissue or other parts of the body. care coordination द खभ ल स न यन The deliberate organisation of patient care activities between two or more participants involved in a patient's care to facilitate the appropriate delivery of health care services. catheter क चथ A tube that is inserted into the bladder to allow urine to drain freely. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 12

16 C cont. central venous access device (CVAD)/central line क द र य म प क अमभग डड इस (स एड ) / क द र य नमलक Small, flexible tubes placed in large veins for people who require frequent access to the bloodstream. Often referred to as venous access ports or catheters. cervical cancer सव कल क स A type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) सव कल इ र एवपथ मलयल ननय प ल मसय (स आईएन) The growth of abnormal precancerous cells on the surface of the cervix. Grades from one to three (least to most) may be used to describe the degree of involvement. checkpoint immunotherapy कप इ इम य न थ प Drugs that prevent cancer cells from turning off T cells. chemoprevention स यननक कथ The use of natural, synthetic, or biologic agents to reduce the risk or delay the development or recurrence of cancer. chemotherapy क थ प The use of anti-cancer drugs to destroy cancer cells. childhood cancers ब ल यक ल क क स Cancers that occur between birth and 15 years of age. Chinese herbal medicine न हब ल द इय The use of herbs originating from Asia to help strengthen vitality, overcome illness and improve patient outcomes. cholangiocarcinoma क ल ज य क मस न A rare type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) क र ननक मलम फ स इ ट क ल य क म य (स एलएल) A slow-growing type of blood cancer that affects developing B-cells. Also known as chronic lymphatic leukaemia. chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) क र ननक यल इड ल य क म य (स ए एल) A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Occurs when the bone marrow produces too many granulocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also known as chronic myelogenous leukaemia. chronic myeloproferative neoplasms क र ननक यल प र फ ट ननय प ल ज़ मम स Diseases in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells, platelets, or certain white blood cells. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 13

17 C cont. chronic pain द घ क ल न दद Any pain lasting more than 12 weeks. clear cell carcinoma टपष प क म क क मस न A rare type of tumour, usually of the female genital tract, in which the insides of the cells look clear when viewed under a microscope. Also called clear cell adenocarcinoma and mesonephroma. clear margin टपष प ज न Where cancer cells are not seen at the outer edge of the tissue that has been surgically removed. clinical breast examination न द ननक टतन प क षण A physical examination conducted by a health professional to check the look and feel of the breasts and underarm for any changes or abnormalities, such as lumps. clinical guidelines न द ननक टद ननद A graded set of recommendations to assist clinical decision-making or service planning based on best available research. clinical trial क ल ननकल अध ययन Any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more healthrelated interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) स ज ञ न त क व य ह च क रकत स (स ब ) A common type of counselling that helps people identify unhelpful thoughts and behaviours and change how they respond to negative situations or emotions. cognitive impairment स ज ञ न त क व क Where a person may have trouble with memory or paying attention, communication and/or difficulty recognising people, places or things. They might also find new places or situations overwhelming. cold cap ठ ड प A cap that is connected to a cooling system and worn on the head to help prevent hair loss. colonoscopy क ल न टक प Examination of the large bowel with a camera on a flexible tube (endoscope), which is passed through the anus. colorectal cancer क ल क ल क स Cancer that occurs in the colon (the lower part of the intestine) or the rectum. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 14

18 C cont. colostomy/stoma bag क ल ट /ट ब ग An operation where the colon is attached to an opening on the stomach. A bag is attached to the opening to collect faecal matter. community nurse स द नयक नस A nurse who provides primary health care to people in their homes and communities and may coordinate palliative care. Community nurses usually work for local health services. complementary therapies स प क च क रकत स पद धनतय Therapies used together with standard medical treatment. Examples include counselling, relaxation therapy, massage, acupuncture, yoga and meditation, aromatherapy, and art and music therapy. complete blood count (CBC) स प ण क त गणन (स ब स ) A test to check the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a sample of blood. condition जटथनत An illness or injury. constipation कब A condition in which stool/faeces becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don't happen very often. contralateral क न र ल ल The other or opposite side. For example, the other breast. contrast क न र ट A substance injected into a vein or taken orally before a scan (such as a CT or MRI scan), which helps make pictures clearer. Also called a contrast medium, agent or dye. control group ननय त रण स ह Used in research to refer to a group of patients that is compared with another group receiving experimental treatment. cording क डड ग Tight cords of tissues stretching down inside of the arm which can occur after surgery to remove the lymph nodes under the arm. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 15

19 C cont. core needle biopsy क स ई ब य प स A biopsy using a hollow needle to take a sample(s) for analysis under a microscope. corticosteroids क ट क ट इड स A class of drugs that are mostly used to reduce inflammation, and have been found to be effective in treating myeloma. counselling प Helping someone discuss and resolve issues by listening to them. cryopreservation तस क षण A process that freezes cells, tissue, semen or other substances. cryosurgery/cryotherapy तस / तथ प The use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy unwanted tissue. CT scan स टक न The technique for constructing pictures from cross-sections of the body, by x-raying the part of the body to be examined from many different angles. culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) स टक नतक औ भ ई र प स व व (स एएलड ) Generally defined as people born overseas, in countries other than those classified as main English speaking countries. curative cancer treatment क य ट क स उप Treatment given to damage or kill cancer cells. cutaneous t-cell lymphoma क य ननयस -क म क मल फ A type of lymphoma that affects the skin. cyst मसट An abnormal sac or closed cavity in the body filled with liquid or semi-solid material. cytotoxic drug स इ जक सक द ई A substance that is toxic to cells, so it can kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. For example, chemotherapy. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 16

20 D debulking Surgery to remove as much of a tumour as possible. deep vein thrombosis (DVT) डडबजल क ग ड प न थ र म ब मसस (ड ) A blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the leg or pelvis, often caused by immobility after surgery or longdistance travel. dermatologist त व ज ञ A doctor who specialises in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions, including skin cancer. desmoid tumour डडट इड ट य A type of tumour that develops in fibrous tissue covering some organs and muscles. detection The discovery of an abnormality or disease in the body. diagnosis The identification and naming of a person's disease. ख ननद न dietitian आह व ज ञ A health professional who supports and educates patients about nutrition and diet during treatment and recovery. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma डडफ य स बड़ ब क म क मल फ A fast-growing type of non-hodgkin lymphoma that starts in the lymph nodes in the neck, groin or armpit. digital rectal examination (DRE) उ ग ल स ग द क प क षण (ड आ ई) A way to diagnose prostate abnormalities, where the doctor places a gloved finger into the rectum and feels the prostate through the rectum wall. dilation and curettage (D&C) फ ल औ क य (ड ए ड स ) A procedure where the cervix is dilated and the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is scraped out. D&C is sometimes used to treat precancerous changes of the cervix. direct discrimination प रत यक ष भ दभ When someone is treated less favourably because of a disability, such as cancer. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 17

21 D cont. disease free survival ग क त न क ष The length of time after primary treatment for a cancer ends, that the patient survives without any signs or symptoms of that cancer. distant cancer द टथ क स Refers to cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumour to distant organs or distant lymph nodes. Also known as distant metastasis. DNA Genetic material. Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. double blind trial ड एनए द ह अ प क षण A trial in which neither the patient nor their research team know what treatment the patient is receiving, to reduce bias. double mastectomy Removal of both breasts during breast cancer surgery. drug resistance The cancer cells' ability to resist the effects of a drug. द ह ट क औ च प रनत duct टहक A small tube in the body, usually one that carries the substances secreted from glands. ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) उद ग -टथल जटथत टहक क मस न (ड स आईएस) A form of non-invasive breast cancer, confined to the ducts of the breast. dysphagia Difficulty swallowing. ननगलन कटठन ई dysplasia डडटप ल मसय A change in size, shape and arrangement of normal cells. Dysplastic cells are precancerous, not cancerous. dyspnoea Difficulty breathing or breathlessness. डडटपननय Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 18

22 E early breast cancer प र मभक टतन क स Breast cancer that has not spread beyond the breast or lymph nodes under the arm (known as axillary lymph nodes). Also described as stage I and stage II breast cancer. early detection of cancer क स क ल द पत लग न Recognising possible warning signs of cancer and taking prompt action leads to early diagnosis. early menopause ल द नन जत त Menopause (ending of the normal menstrual cycle) occurring in women under 45 years of age. Often a side effect of some common treatments for breast cancer. early warning signs of cancer क स क प र मभक त न स क त Signs that indicate that there may be a malignant growth in the body. For example, a new or change in a mole, a lump in the breast or the presence of side effects of cancer, such as bloating or fatigue. echocardiogram इक क डड य ग र An ultrasound scan of the heart to check its function. Also called a cardiac echo or cardiac ultrasound. electrolyte A substance in the body that conducts electricity. emphysema इल क र ल इ ए क रफस A benign condition in which the alveoli of the lungs are enlarged and damaged reducing the lung's surface area and causing breathing difficulties. endocrine therapy See hormone therapy/treatment. ए ड क र इन च क रकत स endocrinologist ए ड क र इन ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in treating people with disorders of the endocrine system. endometrial cancer See uterine cancer. ए ड टरयल क स Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 19

23 E cont. endometrium ए ड टरय The glandular lining of the inside of the uterus that is stimulated by the hormones oestrogen and progesterone and shed each month. endoscope ए ड टक प A thin and flexible tube with a light and camera attached, used for examining the inside of the body. endoscopy ए ड टक प A type of internal examination or diagnostic test which uses an endoscope. enema एन The injection of a liquid into the rectum through a small tube to elicit a bowel motion. energy (calories/kilojoules) ऊ (क ल /क रकल ल) Obtained from food and drink and provides fuel for daily activities. Counted in calories or kilojoules. enteral feeding tube ए ल ख द य नमलक A fine flexible plastic tube used to insert food directly into the stomach if a person is unable to eat. enteral nutrition ए ल प ण Receiving all or part of daily nutrition requirements through a feeding tube. enzymes ए ज़ इ Essential proteins for the normal functioning and performance of the body. epidermis एवपडम स The surface layer of the skin, which contains basal cells, squamous cells and melanocytes. epidural एप ड य ल An injection into the spinal column, outside the lining of the spinal cord. Used to remove pain from the lower part of the body. epithelium एप थ मलय The cells that make up the internal and external surfaces of the body. erectile dysfunction इ क इल डडटफ क न Inability to obtain or maintain an erection firm enough for penetration. Also called impotence. ethics आ -व The study of moral values or principles, including responsible conduct and what is fair. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 20

24 E cont. Ewing's sarcoma इव ग स स क A cancer that most often occurs in and around the bones. excision उच छ दन A surgical procedure to remove diseased tissue. A surgeon may cut out cancerous tissue, as well as tissue surrounding it. experimental cancer treatment प र य चगक क स उप Medical therapies supplementing or replacing conventional methods (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy). external beam radiotherapy ह य क रक णप डडय थ प The use of x-rays directed from a machine outside of the body. extragonadal germ cell tumour एक टर ग न डल क म क ट य A type of tumour that forms from developing sperm or egg cells that travel from the gonads to other parts of the body. eye cancer आ ख क क स A type of cancer that occurs in the eye. May affect the eye muscles (e.g. rhabdomyosarcoma) or the eye itself (called intraocular cancers). Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 21

25 F faecal occult blood test faeces/stools फ कल ओकल क त A test that checks stools or bowel motions for microscopic traces of blood. Waste matter (excrement) discharged from the bowel through the anus (bowel movement). fallopian tube cancer फ ल वपयन ट य ब क स A type of cancer that occurs in the fallopian tubes, the tubes that carry the ova (eggs) from the ovary to the uterus. familial familial cancer ल प र र क Indicates that a condition that can be inherited from the generations of a family through one or more genes. A cancer that can be inherited from the generations of a family. प र र क क स fasting Abstaining from food and drinks. febrile neutropenia उप स क रफब र इल न य र प ननय The development of a fever, often with signs of infection, in a person with neutropenia (an abnormally low level of neutrophils in the blood). A common side-effect of chemotherapy fine needle aspiration ह न स ई स एजटप न A biopsy that uses a thin hollow needle to remove a tissue sample. Often performed on the breast. FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) क रफ (फ ल ओ स स इन स ह इबब रड इज़ न) A way of measuring HER2 levels in cancer cells. FISH positive (FISH+) means excessive amounts are present, classed as HER2+. flat urothelial carcinoma A tumour that grows in the lining of the bladder. flatulence Wind or gas. follicle A cavity in the ovary that contains a maturing egg. फ ल य थ मलयल क मस न प द फ मलकल Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 22

26 F cont. fraction एक भ ग The division of the total dose of radiotherapy into several smaller doses that are delivered over a period of days. frozen section ह आ अन भ ग A sample of fresh tissue which is frozen until it is hard enough to cut into sections. full blood count (FBC) स प ण क त गणन (एफब स ) A test that counts the number of red blood, white blood cells and platelets in the blood. Sometimes called a complete blood count. functioning tumour A type of neuroendocrine tumour that secretes hormones. फ क नन ग ट य Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 23

27 G gallbladder cancer वपत त य क स A type of cancer that occurs in the gallbladder, a small pear shaped organ on the underside of the liver that secretes bile. gap fee अ त ल क gastric cancer See stomach cancer. आ य क क स gastrinoma ग जटरन A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour that secretes too much of the hormone gastrin. gastroenterologist ग टर ए ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in diseases of the digestive system. gastrointestinal stromal tumours ग टर इ ट इनल टर ल ट य general anaesthetic स न य एन टथ ट क Medication which causes a person lose consciousness and fall asleep prior to a procedure. general practitioner (GP) स न य च क रकत सक ( प ) A doctor who diagnoses, refers and treats the health problems of individuals and families in the community. Sometimes called family doctors. genetic counsellor आन म क प द त A health professional trained to help people understand and adapt to the implications of a genetic contribution to diseases, such as cancer. genetic risk factors आन म क खत क क Genetic variants which contribute to the risk of developing common and complex diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 24

28 G cont. genetic testing आन म क प क षण The study of a person's DNA in order to identify genetic differences or susceptibility to particular diseases or abnormalities. genome The entire collection of genes found in an organism. germ cell tumours Tumours that form from reproductive cells. germ cells Cells that produce eggs in females and sperm in males. न क म क ट य क म क ए gland (adj. glandular) ग र चथ (व ण - ग र चथ स ब ) An organ or group of cells that makes certain fluids (hormones, saliva, sweat) that are used in the body or excreted. Gleason score ग ल सन टक A system for grading prostate cancer tumours according to size and severity, depending on how the tumour cells look under a microscope. glioblastoma A type of malignant brain tumour. ग ल य ब ल ट glioma ग ल य Any tumour that starts in the connective tissue (the glia) of the nervous system. glucagonoma ग ल क ग न A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour that secretes too much of the hormone glucagon. goal An overarching statement about the desired outcome. लक ष य gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) ग न ड र वपन-र ल जज़ ग ह न ( एनआ ए ) Long-acting hormones used to slow and stop the function of the hormones. grade श र ण A score describing how quickly a tumour is likely to grow. graft ग र फ Healthy tissue taken from one part of the body to replace diseased or injured tissue at another part of the body. May also include the use of donor tissue. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 25

29 G cont. granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) ग र न य ल स इ -क ल न उत त क क क ( -स एसएफ) A protein that helps increase the bone marrow production of infection-fighting white blood cells called neutrophils. gynaecologist प रस नत व ज ञ Refers to any cancers of the female reproductive tract. This includes cancers of the uterus, ovary, cervix, vagina, vulva, placenta and fallopian tubes. gynaecological cancer ग यन क ल ज कल क स A doctor who specialises in diseases of the female reproductive system. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 26

30 H haematologist ह ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in diseases of the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic system. haematology The branch of medicine that studies the blood. haematuria Blood in the urine. hairy cell leukaemia ह ल ह ट य र य ब ल क क म क ओ क ल य क म य A rare, slow-growing type of blood cancer where the bone marrow makes too many B cells (lymphocytes), a type of white blood cell that fights infection. These excess B cells are abnormal and look "hairy" under a microscope. harassment उत प ड़न Any form of behaviour that offends, humiliates, intimidates or creates a hostile environment. head and neck cancer मस औ गद न क क स Refers to any cancers of the mouth, sinuses, nose or throat. health care team ट ट य द खभ ल A group of health professionals who are responsible for managing a patient (doctors, nurses, dietitians, physiotherapists, social workers, etc.). health system ट ट य प रण ल All activities that have the primary purpose to promote, restore and/or maintain health. heartburn (indigestion) ह बन (अप ) The sensation of tightness or burning in the chest, caused by reflux (stomach acid backing up into the oesophagus and throat). HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) ए ईआ 2 ( ह य न एवपड ल ग र थ फ क र स प 2) A protein involved in the growth of cells. Around 15-20% of breast cancer cells have higher than normal levels of HER2 (HER2+) which stimulates them to grow. herbal medicine The use of herbs taken by mouth or applied to the body. हब ल द ई Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 27

31 H cont. hereditary आन म क Where something is passed on from one person to another (parent to offspring) through genes. hereditary cancer Where the tendency to develop cancers is inherited. आन म क क स hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) ह र ड न न-प ल प मसस क ल क ल क स (ए एनप स स ) A condition in some families where the tendency to develop bowel (and some other) cancers is inherited. About 1% of all bowel cancer is due to HNPCC. hernia हनन य The protrusion of an organ or tissue out of the body cavity in which it normally lies, due to a weakness of the muscle coverings. Hickman line टहक न ल इन A type of central venous access device inserted into a vein in the chest. high-grade abnormality उच श र ण क अस न यत Changes to the cells of the cervix that are more serious than low-grade abnormalities. They may lead to cancer in some women. histology The study of cells and tissues using a microscope. histopathology The study of changes in tissues caused by disease. ऊतक व ज ञ न टहट प थ ल HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) ए आई (ह य न इम य न ड क रफम यन स य स) A virus that weakens the immune system and causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Hodgkin lymphoma A type of lymphoma. homoeopathy ह क रकन मल फ ह म य प थ hormone (adj. hormonal) ह न (व ण - ह नल) A substance made by a gland, which helps to regulate and coordinate growth, metabolism and reproduction. Carried in the bloodstream. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 28

32 H cont. hormone receptors ह न र स प स A cell protein that binds a specific hormone. For example, some breast cancer cells have hormone receptors, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ह न र प ल स थ प (ए आ ) Drug therapy that supplies the body with hormones that it is no longer able to produce. Used to relieve menopausal symptoms. hormone therapy/treatment ह न थ प /उप Drugs used to treat women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Hormone therapies work to either reduce the amount of hormone in the body, or to stop it from working. Common hormone therapies used in Australia include tamoxifen, and the aromatase inhibitors anastrozole (Arimidex), letrozole (Femara) and exemestane (Aromasin). human papilloma virus (HPV) ह य न प वपल य स (ए प ) A genital infection spread through genital skin contact during sexual activity. The virus passes through tiny breaks in the skin. hypercalcaemia ह इप क ल स म य Higher than normal levels of calcium in the blood, usually caused by metastatic cancer in the bones. hypopharyngeal cancer ह इप फ र ज यल क स A type of cancer that occurs in the hypopharynx, the area where the larynx and oesophagus meet. hysterectomy Surgical removal of the uterus. गभ य च छ दन Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 29

33 I ileal conduit इमलयल नमलक A small passageway created from a piece of bowel and connected between the ureters and a stoma on the abdomen wall. It takes the place of the bladder, allowing urine to flow through it and the stoma into a bag on the outside of the body. ileostomy इमलय ट An operation which brings part of the small bowel to an opening in the abdomen. Similar to a colostomy. immune cells White blood cells (leucocytes). प रनत क षण क म क ए immunocompromised प रनत क षण अक ष Weakening of the immune system, caused by some diseases and treatments, such as chemotherapy. immunoglobulin (Ig) इम य न ग ल ब य मलन (आई ) A protein that is produced by plasma cells and fights infections. There are five main types: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. Also known as antibodies. immunosuppressant A medication that reduces the actions of the immune system. immunosuppression immunotherapy प रनत क षणद नक प रनत क षणद न Medically-induced or disease-related suppression of the immune system. Targeted therapies that use the immune system to fight cancer. प रनत क षणथ प incisional biopsy इ मस नल ब य प स A procedure where a small area of tissue is taken to identify the composition or make-up of a lesion or abnormality. inconclusive Leading to no conclusion or definite result. अननण यक indirect discrimination अप रत यक ष भ दभ When a person with a disability, such as cancer, is disadvantaged by a policy, rule or practice that seems fair. indolent Slow growing. गनत स बढ़न ल Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 30

34 I cont. inflammatory breast cancer स न प द क न ल टतन क स A rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer that affects the blood vessels in the skin of the breast. inflammatory carcinoma स न प द क न ल क मस न A type of breast cancer that usually presents with a noticeable warmth and reddening of the breast skin. There may also be puckering of the skin and swelling of the breast. infusaport See intravenous access device. इ फ य स प infusion इ फ य न A slow injection of a substance into a vein or other tissue. Often known as a 'drip'. inguinal lymph node dissection Surgical removal of lymph nodes from the groin area. इजन नल मलम फ न ड व च छ दन inoperable इनऑप बल Unable to be removed by surgery. Also called irresectable or unresectable. inpatient A person who stays in hospital while having treatment. इ प म यन insomnia अननद र The inability to fall or stay asleep for a prolonged period of time. insulin इ स मलन A hormone secreted by the pancreas to regulate the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. insulinoma इ स मलन A type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour that secretes too much insulin. integrative medicine (integrative therapies) एक क त च क रकत स (एक क त थ प ) The use of both evidence-based complementary therapies as well as conventional medicine. intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) इ ट ग र ड ड य ल ड डडए न थ प (आईए आ ) A type of external radiotherapy in which the radiation beams are aimed from several directions, while the intensity (strength) is controlled by computers. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 31

35 I cont. interferon इ फ न interleukins इ ल य क रकन स Substances (produced by the body or synthetic) which stimulate the growth of white blood cells and help the immune system to fight cancer. internal radiotherapy Radiation delivered directly to the tumour from within the body. आ तर क डडय थ प intolerance Inability to digest a particular food properly. intramuscular injection An injection into a muscle. intraperitoneal Injection into the abdominal cavity intrapleural Injection into the chest cavity intrathecal Injection into the fluid around the spine intravenous (IV) Injected into a vein. intravenous access device अप न लत इ र टक य ल इ क न इ र प र ननयल इ र प ल य ल इ र चथकल अ त:म (आई ) अ त:म अमभग न डड इस A system for giving drugs directly into a large vein near the heart. Used particularly for chemotherapy drugs, blood or nutrition (intravenous feeding). It may also be used to take blood samples. Also known as drug delivery system, central venous catheter, central line. intravesical chemotherapy इ र मसकल क थ प Chemotherapy that is put directly into the bladder through a tube. It is often used for treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 32

36 I cont. invasive breast cancer आक र क टतन क स A form of breast cancer that has spread from the original location (milk ducts or lobules) into the surrounding breast tissue and possibly into the lymph nodes and other parts of the body. Invasive ductal cancer begins in the milk ducts. Invasive lobular cancer begins in the lobules of the breast invasive cancer आक र क क स Cancer that has spread beyond the layer of tissue in which it developed and is growing into surrounding, healthy tissues. Also called infiltrating cancer. iodine आय ड न An element found in food that allows the thyroid gland to produce hormones. Found in foods such as seafood, some dairy products, eggs and iodised salts. irradiation See radiotherapy. व क रक ण irresectable अव च छ दन य Unable to be removed by surgery. Also known as inoperable or unresectable. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 33

37 J jaundice प मलय A condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes become yellow, urine darkens, and the colour of stool becomes lighter than normal. Occurs when the liver is not working properly or when a bile duct is blocked. K Kaposi sarcoma कप स स क A type of cancer caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in which lesions grow in the skin, lymph nodes, lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, and other tissues of the body. kidney (renal cell) cancer ग द ( क क क म क ) क क स A type of cancer that occurs in the lining of tubules (very small tubes) in the kidney. Also called kidney cancer or renal adenocarcinoma kilojoule क रकल ल A measure of the energy value of foods. Equivalent to 1,000 joules Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 34

38 L laminectomy ल म न क Surgery that enlarges the spinal canal to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. Also known as decompression surgery or laminectomy. Langerhans cell histiocytosis ल ग ह स क म क टहजट य स य मसस A group of rare disorders in which too many Langerhans cells (a type of white blood cell) grow in certain tissues and organs including the bones, skin, and lungs, and damage them. Also called LCH. laparoscopy/laparoscopic surgery ल प र टक प / ल प र टक वपक स Surgery undertaken through small cuts in the abdomen using a tiny telescope called a laparoscope for viewing. Also called keyhole surgery or minimally invasive surgery. laparotomy A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen. laryngeal carcinoma ल प र ल र ज यल क मस न A type of cancer that forms in tissues of the larynx, the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and is used for breathing, swallowing, and talking. laryngectomy The surgical removal of all or part of the larynx. ल र क laryngoscopy ल र टक प A procedure to view the vocal folds and the glottis. An endoscopy of the larynx. late effects द स ह न ल प रभ A health problem that occurs months or years after a disease is diagnosed or after treatment has ended. late stage cancer अ नत ण क क स A term used to describe cancer that is far along in its growth, and has spread to the lymph nodes or other places in the body. latency period/interval व ल बत अ च /अ त ल The time between exposure to an infectious organism or a carcinogen and the clinical appearance of disease. Also referred to as an incubation period. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 35

39 L cont. laxative कब नन क Substances used to treat or prevent constipation. They loosen stools and increase bowel movements. Also called purgatives or aperients. lentigo maligna melanoma ल ट ग ल इन ल न An early form of melanoma in which the malignant cells are confined to the tissue of origin, the epidermis. Also called 'in situ' melanoma. lesion ल ज़न An area of abnormal tissue. May be benign or malignant. leucocyte (or leukocyte) ल य क स इ Cells in the blood that fight infection. Also called a white blood cell. leucopoenia ल य क प ननय A condition where the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood is abnormally low. leukaemia A cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. libido Sex drive or the desire for sex. life expectancy ल य क म य क च छ न प रत य How long, on average, a person is expected to live based on current age and sex-specific death rates. It is often expressed as the number of years of life a person born today is expected to live. linear accelerator झखक त क The device most commonly used for external beam radiation treatments for patients with cancer. liver cancer A type of cancer that occurs in the liver. ज ग क क स liver function test (LFT) मल फ क न ट (एलएफ ) The measurement of various chemicals in the blood made by the liver. lobectomy ल ब क The surgical removal of a lobe of an organ. For example, of the thyroid, lung, liver or brain. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 36

40 L cont. lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) ल ब य ल क मस न इन स (एलस आईएस) A form of non-invasive breast cancer, confined to the lobules of the breast. lobules Ball shaped sacs in the breast that produce milk. local anaesthetic ल ब य ल स टथ न य ननश तक A medication used to block the feeling of pain in a specific location in the body. It does not cause lack of consciousness. local excision A surgical procedure to remove a small area of diseased tissue. टथ न य उच छ दन local recurrence टथ न य प न जत त Cancer that has recurred at or near the same place as the original tumour, usually after a period of time during which the cancer could not be detected. local therapy टथ न य च क रकत स Treatment to a specific area of the body. For example, surgery or radiotherapy. localised cancer टथ न यक त क स Where the cancer has only spread into nearby tissues. It has not spread to any lymph nodes or other body areas. locally advanced breast cancer टथ न य र प स उन नत टतन क स A form of breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast to the chest wall or the skin of the breast, or to many lymph nodes in the underarm area (axillary nodes), but not to other organs. low-grade abnormality ननम न टत क अस न यत A less serious abnormality on a pap smear test. Sometimes referred to as mild dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1. lumbar puncture लम ब प क A procedure where fluid is taken from the spine in the lower back through a hollow needle, usually for diagnostic purposes. lump Any mass in the body. ग ठ Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 37

41 L cont. lumpectomy See breast conserving surgery. lung cancer लम प क फ फड़ क क स Cancer that occurs in the tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages. The two main types are small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. lung function tests ल ग फ क न प क षण Tests to measure how well a person's lungs work. Includes measuring lung size and air flow or how well gases such as oxygen get in and out of the blood. Also called pulmonary function tests. lymph node dissection मलम फ न ड व च छ दन A surgical procedure in which the lymph nodes are removed and a sample of tissue is checked under a microscope for signs of cancer. lymph nodes मलम फ न ड Small lumps of tissue containing white blood cells. They filter lymph fluid, which is composed of fluid and waste products from body tissues. lymphadenectomy मलम फ ड न क A surgical procedure to remove one or more lymph nodes (or groups of lymph nodes), which are then evaluated for the presence of cancer. Also called a lymph node dissection lymphatic system मलम फ ट क त त र A network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body. lymphoedema मलम फ ड The accumulation of excessive amounts of protein-rich fluid which results in swelling of one or more regions of the body. Occurs when the demand for lymphatic drainage exceeds the capacity of the lymphatic circulation. Usually affects arms and legs although it may also involve the trunk, breast, head and neck or genital area. lymphoma मल फ Cancer that begins in the lymphatic system (the various lymph glands around the body). The two main types are Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 38

42 L cont. Lynch syndrome मल मस ड र A type of inherited cancer syndrome associated with a genetic predisposition to different cancer types. Also called hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). M magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) बक य अन न द इ ज ग (ए आ आई) A non-invasive imaging technology that produces three dimensional detailed anatomical images without the use of damaging radiation. Used for disease detection, diagnosis and treatment monitoring. maintenance treatment ख- ख उप Additional treatment to prevent or slow recurrence, typically following initial treatment. May include chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. male breast cancer A rare cancer that forms in the breast tissue of men. malignant Cancerous. mammogram प र टतन क स घ तक ग र An X-ray of the breast. Can be used to detect early signs of breast cancer before there are any symptoms (screening) or to investigate a breast lump (investigation). mammoplasty प ल ट Refers to a group of surgical procedures, where the goal is to reshape or otherwise modify the appearance of the breast. margin ज न The rim of normal tissue surrounding a tumour that has been surgically removed. Clear margins means the entire tumour was removed. Positive margins means the entire tumour was not removed. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 39

43 M cont. mass वप ड A lump in the body. May be caused by the abnormal growth of cells, a cyst, hormonal changes, or an immune reaction. May be benign or malignant. mastectomy टतन उच छ दन Surgical removal of the breast including the nipple area. Bilateral mastectomy means both breasts are removed. medical negligence च क रकत स य अ ह लन When a health care provider is proven to have breached their duty of care to a patient, causing injury or personal loss. medical oncologist डडकल ओन क ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in diagnosing and treating cancer using chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and biological therapy. medical trials See clinical trial. डडकल प क षण meditation ध य न A technique of calming the mind that aims for inner feelings of calm and peacefulness. melanin ल ननन A dark pigment produced in melanocytes that gives skin its colour. melanoma ल न Cancer of the melanocytes. The cancer usually appears on the skin, but may affect the eye and mucous membranes. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation contributes to the development of melanoma. meninges ननन स The membranes that cover and protect the central nervous system. meningioma A type of benign brain tumour. menopause The end of menstruation (periods). ननजन य नन जत त Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 40

44 M cont. Merkel cell क ल क म क Merkel cell carcinoma क ल क म क क मस न a rare type of skin cancer that usually appears as a flesh-coloured or bluish-red nodule, often on the face, head or neck. Also called neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. mesh ल A reinforcing material that is sometimes used in surgical procedures. mesothelioma स थ मलय occurs in the membranes of the lungs. metabolism य प य The chemical process by which food is changed into energy in the body. metastasis (plural: metastases) The spread of cancer to another part of the body. metastatic breast cancer ट मसस (बह न: ट मसस) ट ट क टतन क स A form of breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast and lymph nodes under the arm to other parts of the body such as the bones, lungs, liver or, less commonly, brain. Also known as advanced, secondary or stage 4 breast cancer. metastatic cancer ट ट क क स Cancer that has spread to another part of the body. Also called secondary cancer, though the secondary tumours are the same type of cancer as the original cancer. microcalcifications इक र क जल सक रफक न Small deposits of calcium in the breast. They show up as white dots on a mammogram and are sometimes a sign of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS). microsurgery इक र स The use of microscopes and mini-instruments for surgery on very small structures. minerals खनन पद थ Components of food that are essential for the body, similar to vitamins. For example, iron, calcium and magnesium. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 41

45 M cont. models of care द खभ ल क डल A model that explains clearly the how, where, who and what health care is provided. It identifies a standard or example, for imitation or comparison, combining concepts, belief and intent. modified release medication स च त र ल ज़ द A medication that alters the timing and/or the rate of release of the drug substance. Also called sustained release or slow release. mole नतल Describes any pigmented (coloured), fleshy growth on the skin. monoclonal antibody न क ल नल ए ब ड A group of targeted therapy drugs that lock onto a specific protein on the surface of cancer cells and interfere morbidity Sickness, illness. ग क स ख य morphine फ न A strong and effective opioid pain reliever that is commonly used to treat people with cancer who have pain. mortality त य -द The death rate, or the number of deaths in a certain group of people in a certain period of time. Mortality may be reported for people who have a certain disease, live in one area of the country, or who are of a certain sex, age, or ethnic group. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ए आ आई ( बक य अन न द इ ज ग) A scan using magnets and radio waves to make a detailed picture of organs or soft tissues in the body. mtor inhibitors ए ओआ अ क A class of targeted therapy that may increase the benefit of hormone therapy. mucosa म य क स The moist tissue lining the organs of the body. For example, the digestive tract, lungs and nose. mucositis Sores in the mouth or throat. म य क जट स Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 42

46 M cont. multidisciplinary care बह आय द खभ ल An integrated team approach to cancer care. Medical, nursing and allied health professionals involved in a collaboratively develop an individual care plan that best meets the needs of that patient. multidisciplinary team (MDT) बह -व यक (ए ड ) An integrated team can include a general practitioner, a surgeon, a medical oncologist, a radiation oncologist, a palliative care specialist, a nurse consultant, nurses, a dietician, a physiotherapist, an occupational therapist, a social worker, a psychologist, a counsellor and a pastoral care worker. multiple myeloma Cancer arising in plasma cells. बह यल mutation म य न A change in a gene causing a permanent change in the DNA sequence. mycosis fungoides यक मसस फ ग इड The most common type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). A slow growing form of cancer in which some of the body's white blood cells become malignant. myelodysplastic syndromes यल डडसप ल जट क मस ड र A group of diseases that affects normal blood cell production in the bone marrow. In MDS, the bone marrow produces abnormal, immature blood cells called blast cells. These cells fail to mature properly are unable to work properly. myeloid Relating to bone marrow. myeloma इल यड यल A type of cancer that develops from plasma cells in the bone marrow. Myeloma is often called multiple myeloma because most people (90%) have multiple bone lesions at the time it is diagnosed. myeloproliferative neoplasms यल प र मलफ ट ननओप ल ज़ म Blood cancers that occur when the body makes too many white or red blood cells, or platelets. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 43

47 N nasogastric (NG) tube न स ग जटरक (एन ) ट य ब A flexible bidirectional tube made of rubber or plastic that is passed through the nose and down through the nasopharynx and oesophagus into the stomach. It can be used to replace fluids when a person is unable to take them in orally or to remove fluids nausea/nauseous तल /उल स Uneasiness of the stomach. Sometimes proceeds vomiting. neck dissection गद न व च छ दन A surgical procedure in which the fibrofatty contents of the neck are removed for the treatment of cervical lymphatic metastases. needs-based approach to cancer care क स क द खभ ल क मलए आ श यकत -आ र त द जष प क ण Directing people who live in a rural area to the most appropriate service based on their needs. Some people can be diagnosed, assessed and treated locally, some will need to be assessed elsewhere but can be treated locally. Others will have complex care needs and/or requirements multi-modal treatments provided by a major cancer service. neoadjuvant therapy न -सह यक च क रकत स A type of induction therapy. Treatment is given as a first step to shrink a tumour before the main treatment is given. May include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. neoplasia स ल Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. nerve sparing त बत रक टप र ग A type of surgery to save nerves. nervous system त बत रक त त र The network of nerve cells and fibres which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. neuroblastoma न य ब ल ट The most common solid tumour of childhood, arising from particular nerve cells which run in a chain-like fashion neuroendocrine tumour (NETs) न य एन ड क र इन ट य (न ) Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 44

48 N cont. neurologist न य ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system. neuron न य न Cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Most neurons have a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. neuropathic pain न य प चथक दद A complex, chronic pain state that usually is accompanied by tissue injury. Nerve fibres themselves may be damaged, dysfunctional, or injured. These damaged nerve fibres send incorrect signals to other pain centres. neurosurgeon न य स न A doctor specialising in surgery of the brain and other parts of the nervous system. neutropenia An abnormally low level of neutrophils. न य र वपननय neutrophils न य र क रफल A type of white blood cell. One of the first cell types to travel to the site of an infection. nil by mouth ननल ब य उथ A medical term where a patient is not to eat or drink anything. nodule ग ठ A small swelling or aggregation of cells in the body, especially an abnormal one. non-functioning tumour ग -क य त ट य A tumour found in endocrine tissue which does not make extra hormones. Non-functioning tumours usually do not cause symptoms until they grow large or spread to other parts of the body. Also called endocrine-inactive tumour. non-hodgkin lymphoma न न-ह क रकन मल फ A type of lymphoma. Most commonly occurs in a lymph node but it can also occur in the liver, spleen, stomach or bones. There are two classifications: B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. There are more than 60 sub-types. non-invasive (cancer) ग -आक र क (क स ) Describes disease that has not spread outside the tissue in which it began. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 45

49 N cont. non-invasive (procedure) ग -आक र क (प रक रक रय ) A procedure that does not require insertion of an instrument through the skin or into a body opening. non-melanoma skin cancer ग - ल न त क स Skin cancers that are not classified as a melanoma. The two main types are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ग -छ क म क फ फड़ क क स (एनएसस एलस ) The most common type of lung cancer. It usually grows and spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer. Common subtypes include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. nuclear medicine न मभक य औ च A type of medicine that uses small amounts of radioactive substances to take pictures of areas inside the body and to treat disease, such as cancer. In cancer, the radioactive substance may be used with a special machine (such as a PET scanner) to find the cancer, to see how far it has spread, or to see how well a treatment is working. nurse care coordinator नस द खभ ल स न यक A registered nurse who specialises in caring for people with cancer and their families. nutritionist प ण-व ज ञ A health professional who provides information and support about nutrition. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 46

50 O oedema ओडड Abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues. Also called swelling. oesophageal cancer ईस क रफज एल क स A type of cancer that occurs in the oesophagus. oestrogen एटर न A female hormone. Some cancers need oestrogen to grow. oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) एटर न र स प प जज़ट (ईआ +) Proteins within cancer cells that bind to female hormone oestrogen and stimulates them to grow. oligodendroglioma ओमलग ड न ड र जग लओ A type of malignant brain tumour. oncologist ऑन क ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in the study and treatment of cancer. oncology ऑन क ल The study, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. oophorectomy ऊफ क The surgical removal of an ovary. The removal of both ovaries is called a bilateral oophorectomy. opioids ओवपओइड स The strongest type of pain medicine. Includes morphine, fentanyl, codeine, oxycodone, hydromorphone and methadone. osteoporosis ऑजट य प मसस A decrease in bone mass, causing bones to become fragile and brittle and therefore liable to break. osteosarcoma ऑजट य स क Cancer of the bone. Most often develops in a leg or arm bone. Also called osteogeneic sarcoma. outpatient आउ प A person who receives medical treatment without being admitted into hospital. ovarian cancer अ ड य क स A type of cancer that develops in an ovary. ovaries अ ड य The female sex organs, which secrete important female hormones and contain the ova. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 47

51 P Paget's disease of the breast टतन क प ग A rare form of breast cancer that affects the nipple or areola. Many people also have a breast cancer somewhere in the same breast. pain medicine specialist A medical specialist who treats complex pain problems. pain scale दद च क रकत स व ज ञ दद क प न A scale that helps the patients to show how mild or severe their pain is based on a range of numbers, descriptions or facial expressions. palliative cancer treatment प र क क स उप Treatment which aims to provide relief from symptoms without attempting to cure the disease. Also called palliative care or palliation. palliative care प र क द खभ ल Care focused on symptom control and support when cancer cannot be cured. palliative care specialist (physician) प र क द खभ ल व ज ञ (च क रकत सक) A doctor who has specialised in the field of palliative medicine. pancreatic cancer A type of cancer that occurs in the pancreas. pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PNET) A neuroendocrine tumour affecting the pancreas. pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. papillary urothelial carcinoma A tumour that projects into the hollow of the bladder. अग न य य क क स अग न य य न य एन ड क र इन ट य (प एनई ) अग न य य थ प वपल य थ मलयल क मस न paracentesis A procedure to drain away excess fluid from the abdomen. प स न मसस Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 48

52 P cont. parathyroid cancer प थ य इड क स A rare cancer that forms in tissues of one or more of the parathyroid glands (four pea-sized glands in the neck that make parathyroid hormone, which helps the body store and use calcium). parenteral nutrition The delivery of calories and nutrients into a vein. PARP inhibitor प न ल प ण प एआ प अ क A type of targeted therapy that blocks an enzyme (PARP enzyme) involved in DNA repair, causing cancer cells to die. partial mastectomy See breast conserving surgery. आ म क ट क participant information प रनतभ ग क मलए नक An information sheet that explains everything a participant needs to know about a clinical trial or treatment. Also called a fact sheet. passive smoking Breathing in second-hand smoke. ननजष प क रय म रप न pathologist (breast cancer) प थ ल ज ट (टतन क स ) A doctor who uses a microscope to study the breast tissue and lymph nodes removed during biopsy or surgery to diagnose cancer and other diseases. pathologist (general) प थ ल ज ट (स न य) A doctor who studies diseases to understand their nature and cause. Pathologists examine biopsies under a microscope to diagnose cancer and other diseases. pathology The study of diseases, especially their causes and nature. pathology report प थ ल व ज ञ न प थ ल र प A document that provides information about cancerous tissue, such as its size and location, hormonal status, how far it has spread, how fast it is growing, and surgical margins. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 49

53 P cont. patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) system ग -ननय बत रत एन ल मसय (प स ए) त त र An intravenous system allowing a patient to self-administer a measured dose of pain relief by pressing a button. pelvic examination प जल क प क षण A way to diagnose pelvic abnormalities, where a health professional examines the organs of the pelvis by feeling them with fingers inserted into the vagina and/or rectum. Also called internal examination. pelvic exenteration The surgical removal of the affected organs. penile cancer Cancer that occurs in the tissues of the penis. प जल क एक स न न मल ग क क स people affected by cancer क स स प रभ व त ल ग People who have had a personal experience of cancer, including patients, people living with cancer, cancer survivors, caregivers and family members. percutaneous Through the skin. पक य ननयस percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube पक य ननयस ए ड टक वपक ग टर न (प ई ) नमलक A feeding tube inserted directly into the stomach through the abdomen wall. percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) tube पक य ननयस एन ड टक वपक न ट (प ई ) नमलक A feeding tube inserted through the abdomen directly into the small bowel (jejunum), bypassing the stomach. peripheral neuropathy पर य न य प थ Weaknesses, numbness, tingling or pain, usually in the hands and feet, caused by damage to the nerves that are located away from the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves). Can be a side effect of chemotherapy. peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) A type of central venous access device that is inserted into a vein in the arm. पर य र प स ड ल क द र य क थ (प आईस स ) Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 50

54 P cont. peritoneal cancer प र ननयल क स A rare type of cancer that develops in the peritoneum, a thin layer of tissue that lines the abdomen. It also covers the uterus, bladder, and rectum. PET scan (positron emission tomography) प ई टक न (प जज़र न एम न ग र फ ) A type of scan that produces a three-dimensional image giving details on the structure and function of organs or tissues. phantom pain अप दद Pain felt in a limb or body part even though it has been surgically removed. pituitary tumour A type of benign brain tumour. placebo वपट य ट य प ल मसब A dummy pill or injection, which looks like the new treatment being tested in a clinical trial but contains no active ingredient. placebo effect प ल मसब क प रभ Occurs when someone who is given a placebo (such as a sugar pill) feels an improvement, like a reduction in symptoms. plasma प ल ज़ म The fluid portion of blood in which the blood cells and platelets are suspended. plastic surgeon प ल जट क स न A doctor specialising in surgery to restore skin and tissue to near-normal appearance and function. Also known as a reconstructive surgeon. plastic surgery प ल जट क स A type of surgery which focuses on reconstructing damaged or deformed parts of the body, or rebuilding parts that have been lost. platelets प ल ल ट स One of three types of cells found in the blood. Platelets help the blood to clot and stop bleeding. Also called thrombocytes. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 51

55 P cont. pleura The membrane that covers the ribcage and lines the lungs. pleural cavity pleural effusion pleural tap pneumonia polyp प ल य प ल य ल क व The space between the two layers of the pleura, which normally contains a small amount of fluid. प ल य ल एफ य न A build-up of fluid in the pleural cavity or space between the pleural membranes प ल य ल प A procedure to remove air or fluid from the chest, using a hollow needle. Also known as thoracentesis. नन ननय A bacterial infection in the lungs which causes some of the air sacs fill up with pus. प मलप An abnormal growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane, often on a stalk. port-a-cath (port) प -ए-क थ (प ) A type of central venous access device. A thin tube put into a vein with an opening under the skin for delivering medicine. precancerous प -क स य क त जटथनत A condition that may become a cancer if it is not treated. pre-existing condition पहल स द जटथनत An illness or injury that existed before applying for an insurance policy. premature menopause See early menopause. स यप नन जत त prescription medicine न टख क द ई Medicine that can only be given by a pharmacist after receiving authority from a doctor via a prescription. primary cancer प र थम क क स The original part of the body where the cancer first develops. primary care प र थम क उप Health care provided in the community for people making an initial approach to a medical practitioner or clinic for advice or treatment. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 52

56 P cont. primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma Cancer in the lymph tissue of the brain and/or spinal cord. प र थम क क द र य त बत रक त त र (स एनएस) मल फ primary health care प र थम क ट ट य द खभ ल The initial care provided in response to health problems. Usually in community-based settings such as in general practices, community health, other private practices, local government, and non-government service settings, or in the home. primary health service प र थम क ट ट य स The types of services delivered under primary health care are broad and include health promotion, prevention and screening, early intervention, treatment and management. primary site The part of the body where the cancer first develops. progesterone A female hormone. प र थम क टथल प र ट न progesterone receptors प र ट न र स प स Proteins within cancer cells that bind to the hormone progesterone (PR). prognosis The likely outcome of a person's disease. ग क ननद न prophylactic (preventative) mastectomy गनन (नन क) ट क Surgery to remove one or both breasts to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. prostate प र ट A gland in the male reproductive system that produces most of the fluid that makes up semen. prostate cancer प र ट क स A type of cancer that occurs in the prostate, the male organ that sits next to the urinary bladder and contributes to semen (sperm fluid) production. protein प र न A molecule made up of amino acids that are needed for the body to function properly. Proteins are the basis of body structures such as skin and hair and of substances such as enzymes, cytokines and antibodies. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 53

57 P cont. protocol प र क ल Written instructions about how, when, where and who to complete a specific task. Protocols may refer to a clinical care process (i.e. chemotherapy or radiotherapy) or the working relationship between agencies. psychiatrist न च क रकत सक A doctor who specialises in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders. psychologist न व ज ञ न A health professional who talks with patients and their families about emotional and personal matters, and can help them make decisions. psycho-oncologist न -ओन क ल ज ट A psychologist or psychiatrist who has special training and experience in the treatment of psychosocial aspects of cancer. psycho-oncology न -ऑन क ल A field of interdisciplinary study and practice at the intersection of lifestyle, psychology and oncology. It is concerned with aspects of cancer that go beyond medical treatment and include lifestyle, psychological and social aspects of cancer. psychosocial न स ज क Relating to the interrelation of social factors and individual thought and behaviour. puberty पर पक त The process of reaching sexual maturity and becoming capable of reproduction. pulmonary Relating to the lungs. pulmonary function tests See lung function tests. pulse analysis फ फड़ स ब पल न फ क न प क षण न ड़ व श ल ण Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 54

58 Q quality of life न क ग ण त त The general well-being of individuals and societies, encompassing negative and positive features of life. It observes life satisfaction, including everything from physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, religious beliefs, finance and the environment. R radiation व क रक ण Energy in the form of waves or particles, including gamma rays, x-rays and ultraviolet (UV) rays. This energy is harmful to cells and is used in radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells. radiation oncologist व क रक ण ऑन क ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in the treatment of cancer used targeted high energy X-rays. radiation therapist A health professional who administers radiotherapy. व क रक ण च क रकत सक radical treatment मलक उप Treatment given with the intention of curing or eliminating the underlying disease. radioactive iodine डडय आय ड न A form of iodine often used for imaging tests or as a treatment for cancer. Also called RAI or I131. radiographer डडय ग र फ A technician trained in taking x-ray pictures of parts of the body to diagnose illnesses and disorders. radiologist डडय ल ज ट A doctor who specialises in the use and interpretation of X-rays and other imaging devices (e.g. CT scans) in diagnosing disorders and diseases. radiology डडय ल The use of radiation and other imaging technologies to diagnose and treat disease. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 55

59 R cont. radiotherapy or radiation oncology डडय थ प य व क रक ण ऑन क ल The use of radiation, usually x-rays or gamma rays, to kill tumour cells or injure them so they cannot grow or multiply. radiotherapy or radiation oncology (breast cancer) डडय थ प य व क रक ण ऑन क ल (टतन क स ) The use of radiation, usually x-rays or gamma rays, to kill any cancer cells that may be left in the breast or armpit after surgery. It is usually recommended after breast conserving surgery. Sometimes it is also recommended after a mastectomy. randomisation य द जच छक क ण A method used to prevent bias in research. A computer assigns patients into groups by chance, rather than the researchers or doctors choosing the groups. randomised controlled trial (RCT) य द जच छक ननय बत रत प क षण (आ स ) A trial in which participants are randomly allocated to receive the new treatment (the intervention) or the standard treatment (the control). rating of perceived exertion A scientific way of telling how hard exercise is based on how it feels. कचथत पर श र क ल य कन reconstructive surgeon प ननन ण स न A doctor specialising in surgery to restore skin and tissue to near-normal appearance and function. Also known as a Plastic Surgeon. recovery room ग नन त कक ष A hospital room for the care of patients immediately after surgery. rectal bleeding Bleeding from the anus. rectal cancer Cancer that occurs in the rectum. recurrence The return of cancer after a time of remission. recurrence (breast cancer) ल य स क तस र ल य क क स प न जत त प न जत त (टतन क स ) The return of breast cancer after a time of remission. Can be local recurrence (in the same breast or same side chest wall) or distant recurrence (spread to other parts of the body, also known as metastases). Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 56

60 R cont. recurrent cancer आ त क स A cancer that grows from the cells of a primary cancer that have evaded treatment. referral फ ल The act of referring someone or something for consultation, review, or further action. referred pain ननटद ष प दद Pain that is felt away from the area that is actually causing the pain. reflux र फ लक स When stomach acid is released back up into the oesophagus. May cause a sensation of burning or discomfort in the oesophagus refractory disease द द म य ग Disease that does not respond to treatment. Also called resistant disease. registered health professional प क त ट ट य प A health care provider who is required to be registered and approved by the government before working in their field. registrar ज टर An experienced doctor responsible for the care of a number of patients with the assistance of junior doctors (residents). A registrar sits below more senior surgeons, physicians or consultants. registration board प क ण ब ड A board which is authorised by the government to oversee both the registration and professional standards of health care providers. rehabilitation प न स Programs which help to restore people to independence and a full, productive life after illness or injury. May include the use of prostheses, physiotherapy, occupational therapy programs and/or speech pathology, counselling and emotional support, and employment retraining. rehabilitation scheme प न स य न A process aiming to return an employee to their previous level of work. relapse ग क प न त न The return of a disease, such as cancer, after a period of remission. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 57

61 R cont. remission म न Period of time when the symptoms of the cancer reduce or disappear. May be partial remission (there has been a significant improvement in the cancer) or complete remission (when there is no evidence of active disease). Remission does not always mean that the cancer is cured. renal cell carcinoma ग द क क म क ओ क क मस न waste-carrying tubes within the kidney. renal sarcoma A rare cancer that affects the connective tissues of the kidney. ग द क स क rescue treatment टक य उप A treatment given after a tumour has not responded to other treatments, or any treatment given after cancer recurrence. Also called salvage treatment. resectable Able to be surgically removed. resection Surgical removal of a portion of any part of the body. व च छ दन य व च छ दन residual cancer When cancer cells remain after treatment has been given. respiratory resuscitation retinoblastoma retrospective study risk अ म ष प क स श सन The parts of the body involved in breathing, including the nose, mouth, throat, trachea (windpipe), and lungs. प न न The process of reviving someone who appears to be dead. For example, by heart massage or artificial respiration. ट न ब ल ट An eye cancer that begins in the back of the eye (retina), most commonly in children. प व य प अध ययन Research that looks at what has happened in the past to gain an understanding about why something is occurring in the present. खत A measure of how likely a person is to develop a disease or a side effect. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 58

62 R cont. risk assessment खत आकलन A process where a health professional will determine both the likelihood of an outcome based on an assessment of factors they know about cancer, its treatment, and individual characteristics. For example, they may consider the risk of recurrence, side effects, or changes to quality of life if a patient receives chemotherapy alone, or with radiation therapy. risk factor खत क क A substance or condition that increases an individual's chances of getting a particular type of cancer. rupture फ न When something breaks or splits open. For example, when a pouch created to store urine breaks. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 59

63 S salvage treatment See rescue treatment. sarcoma ब उप स क A type of cancer that begins in bone or soft tissue, including cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels and other connective tissue. scan टक न Pictures of structures inside the body, used to diagnose, stage and monitor disease. screening Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. second hand smoke स क ड ह ड ट क The combination of exhaled mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke. second opinion द स य condition, and offer other treatment options. secondary breast cancer See metastatic breast cancer. secondary cancer See metastatic cancer. ध यम क टतन क स ध यम क क स secondary health care ध यम क ट ट य द खभ ल Medical care provided by a specialist or facility through referral by a primary care physician. secretion The release of a substance. seizure (fit or convulsion) स र द (क रफ य कन ल न) A brief change in function of part or all of the brain due to abnormal electrical activity. There may include a temporary loss of consciousness and/or involuntary movement of muscles or the experience of unusual physical or mental sensations. seminoma A type of testicular cancer. स म न Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 60

64 S cont. sentinel lymph node biopsy स ट नल मलम फ न ड ब य प स A procedure where the sentinel lymph nodes (first lymph node to which cancer is likely to spread) are removed and examined for the presence of cancer. seroma Fluid that collects in or around a scar after surgery. स Sézary syndrome (lymphoma) An erythrodermic form of cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma (CTCL). स ज़ मस ड र (मलम फ ) side effect द ष प प रभ Something that occurs when treatment affects healthy tissues or organs. Common side effects of cancer treatment include fatigue, pain, nausea, vomiting, decreased blood cell counts, hair loss, and mouth sores. sigmoidoscopy मसग यड टक प A procedure to examine the sigmoid colon using a flexible tube with a light on it. It helps the doctor check for ulcers, abnormal cells, polyps or cancer. Also called a flexible sigmoidoscopy. signet-ring tumour मसगन -र ग ट य A highly malignant type of tumour typically found in the glandular cells that line the digestive organs. The cells resemble signet rings when examined under a microscope. skin cancer त क क स A type of cancer that occurs in the tissues of the skin. Types include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. slow release medicine See modified release medicine. small bowel cancer गनत स स र व त ह न ल द ई छ आ त क क स An uncommon type of cancer that occurs in the small intestine. Types include adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumours and sarcoma, including gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). small cell carcinoma छ क म क क मस न A fast-growing type of lung cancer commonly caused by smoking. May also be referred to as oat cell cancer Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 61

65 S cont. small cell lung cancer (SCLC) छ क म क फ फड़ क क स (एसस एलस ) A type of lung cancer. There are two types: small cell carcinoma (oat cell cancer) and combined small cell carcinoma. small lymphocytic lymphoma छ मलम फ स इट क मलम फ A slow-growing type of non-hodgkin lymphoma in which too many immature lymphocytes (white blood cells) are found mostly in the lymph nodes. Also called SLL and well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. smear test जट य ट A test carried out on a sample of cells from the cervix to check for abnormalities that may be indicative of cervical cancer. Also referred to as a pap test or pap smear. soft tissue sarcoma न ऊतक स क A type of cancer that develops from soft tissues like fat, muscle, nerves, fibrous tissues, blood vessels, or deep skin tissues. somatostatinoma speculum स ट ट न A very rare type of neuroendocrine tumour that develops in the pancreas or small bowel. टप क य ल A metal instrument that is used to dilate an orifice or canal in the body to allow inspection. spinal cord tumours ढ़ क हड ड क ट य A type of tumour that develops within the spinal canal or within the bones of the spine. May be benign or malignant. spinal tap See lumbar puncture. ढ़ क हड ड छ द sporadic cancer टप डडक क स Cancer occurring in an individual without a family history of cancer. squamous cell टक स क म क One of the three types of cells that make up the skin's epidermis (top) layer. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) टक स क म क क मस न (एसस स ) A type of cancer found most commonly on skin, but also in inner linings of the body, for example, a lung. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 62

66 S cont. staging ट ज ग The process of measuring how far a cancer has spread when it is first diagnosed. It often involves having scans and other tests. standard treatment नक उप The best proven treatment, based on results of past research. standardisation नक क ण The adoption of generally accepted uniform procedures, parts, dimensions, or materials that directly affect the design of a product, project or a service. stem cell ट क म क stem cell transplant ट क म क प रत य पण A treatment in which diseased blood cells are destroyed by high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy, then replaced by healthy stem cells. The healthy stem cells may come from the bone marrow (bone marrow transplant), from the bloodstream (peripheral blood stem cell transplant) or from the umbilical cord blood (cord blood transplant). stent ट A device placed in a blood vessel or other passage in the body to keep the structure open. steroids ट यड A class of drugs that are mostly used to reduce inflammation. stoma ट An artificial opening into the body created by surgery to act as an exit for body wastes. stoma bag ट ब ग A bag or pouch used to cover a stoma and collect urine or faeces. stomach cancer प क क स A type of cancer that occurs in the tissue of the stomach. It often starts in the cells that line the mucosa. stomal therapy nurse ट ल थ प नस A registered nurse who specialises in caring for people who have stomas. stomatitis ट इट स When the mucous membrane lining the mouth becomes inflamed and ulcers form. stools ल The bulky mass of waste matter that leaves the body through the anus. Also known as faeces. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 63

67 S cont. subcutaneous Beneath the skin. submucosa सब क य ननयस सबम य क स The layer of the digestive system next to the mucosa. It has glandular cells that produce mucus and moisten the mucosa. superficial skin cancer सतह त क क स A type of cancer that only affects cells in the top layer of the skin. It is not invasive. support group स थ न स ह A group of people who an individual can rely for the provision of emotional caring and concern, and reinforcement of a sense of personal worth and value. supportive care सह यक द खभ ल Improving the comfort and quality of life for people with cancer. suppository सप मस A small plug of medicine inserted into the rectum or vagina. supra-pubic catheter स प र -प य बबक क थ A catheter inserted directly into the bladder through an incision made above the pubic bone and below the bellybutton. surgeon स न A doctor who specialises in performing surgery. For example, to remove cancerous tissue. surgery स Treatment that involves an operation. This may involve removal of tissue, change in the organisation of the anatomy or placement of prostheses. surgical oncologist A doctor who specialises in the surgical treatment of cancer. सज कल ऑन क ल ज ट surveillance (cancer) नन क षण (क स ) When a person does not receive immediate treatment, but instead has their health monitored regularly, with the option of future treatment if necessary. Also called active surveillance. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 64

68 S cont. survival rate उत त व त द The percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are still alive for a certain period of time after they were diagnosed with or started treatment for a disease, such as cancer. Often stated as a five-year survival rate, which is the percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive five years after their diagnosis or the start of treatment. Also called overall survival rate. survivorship उत त व त Living with, through, and beyond cancer. According to this definition, cancer survivorship begins at diagnosis and includes people who continue to have treatment over the long term, to either reduce the risk of recurrence or to manage chronic disease. syringe driver मसर ड र इ A small, portable pump that is used in palliative care to deliver pain relief and other drugs (often a mixture of two or three drugs). systemic treatment मसट म क उप Drugs that treat the whole body. For example, chemotherapy, hormone therapy or targeted therapy. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 65

69 T Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) क स फ न (न ल ड क स) A hormone therapy used to treat early and advanced stage breast cancers that are hormone receptor positive. Tamoxifen slows or stops the growth of these tumours by blocking oestrogen from attaching to hormone receptors in the cancer cells. targeted therapies लक षक षत च क रकत स Drugs that stop the growth of particular types of cancer cells, without harming normal cells. Herceptin and Tykerb are examples of a targeted therapy. Also called biological therapies. T-cell -क म क A type of white blood cell. T-cells regulate the body's immune system in its job of fighting infection and other harmful things in the body. T-cell lymphoma -क म क मल फ A type of cancer that forms in T-cells. Most T-cell lymphomas are non-hodgkin lymphomas. TENS (transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation) ईएनएस (र टक य ननयस इल जक रक न जट म य ल न) A pain relief technique involving applying a mild electric current to the skin pain occurs. terminal अन त य ग When illness or cancer cannot be cured and will eventually cause death. terminal illness/terminal cancer अन त य ग/अन त य क स An illness or cancer that cannot be cured. Also called end-stage cancer. testicular cancer ण क स A type of cancer that develops in a testicle. Usually only one testicle is affected, but in some cases both are affected. Also known as cancer of the testis. thrombocytopenia थ र म ब स इ प ननय A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of platelets in the blood. It may result in easy bruising and excessive bleeding from wounds or bleeding in mucous membranes and other tissues. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 66

70 T cont. thrombosis A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs. thymoma and thymic carcinoma थ र ब मसस थ इ औ थ इम क क मस न Where cancer cells form on the outside surface of the thymus. Thymoma is linked with myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune diseases. thyroid cancer A type of cancer that occurs in the thyroid. tissue banking थ य इड क स ऊतक ब क रक ग A process involving harvesting, processing, preservation, storage and distribution of various kinds of tissue for clinical and experimental practice. It may also be used to talk about taking tissue to save for future infertility treatment. tissue biopsy tissue topical treatment total body irradiation toxicology tracheostomy ऊतक ब य प स Examination of tissue which has been removed from the body under a microscope for abnormalities. ऊतक A collection of cells that make up each piece, or organ, of the body. वपकल उप Treatment that is applied to an area of the skin as a cream, lotion or gel. क ल र क व क रक ण Radiotherapy to the entire body. Given so that all cells in the body receive the same amount of radiation. व व द य The study of poisonous substances. A branch of pharmacology. र क रकय ट An operation in which a hole is made at the base of the neck into the trachea, and through which a tube is passed to create a clear airway. transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) र सआट र यल क ए ब ल इज़ न ( एस ई) When chemotherapy is injected directly into a tumour and the blood vessels are closed off so the cancer is starved of oxygen and nutrients. transfusion क त-आ न The process of transferring body fluid, such as blood, from one person into another. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 67

71 T cont. transitional cell carcinoma A type of cancer within the renal pelvis and ureter. स क र णक ल न क म क क मस न transplant प रत य पण The process of taking living tissue or an organ and implanting it in another part of the body or in another body. trephine biopsy See bone marrow biopsy. trial of void Assesses the ability of the bladder to empty. triple negative breast cancer र क रफन ब य प स र जक त क प क षण टरपल न चगट टतन क स A form of breast cancer that has no hormone or HER2 receptors. This means that neither oestrogen, progesterone nor the HER2 protein help the cancer to grow. tumour ट य An abnormal growth or mass of tissue. May be benign or malignant. tumour markers ट य क Substances found at higher than normal levels in the blood, urine, or body tissue of some people with cancer. Also called biomarkers tumour node metastasis (TNM) system ट य न ड ट मसस ( एनए ) प रण ल A staging system used by clinicians to describe how advanced a particular cancer is. This system also informs the type of treatment given. tumour progression ट य क प रगनत The course of cancer, as it becomes worse or spreads in the body. tumour regression ट य प रनतग न A decrease in the size of a tumour or the extent of cancer cells in the body. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 68

72 U ulcerative colitis अल स ट क ल इट स Chronic inflammation of the colon that produces ulcers in its lining. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramps, and loose discharges of pus, blood, and mucus from the bowel. ultrasound, ultrasound scan अल र स उ ड, अल र स उ ड टक न An imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within the body. The images provide information for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions ultraviolet (UV) radiation अल र यल (य ) व क रक ण radiation is the main cause of skin cancer. unregistered health practitioner अप क त ट ट य व य स य A health care provider who doesn't need to be registered with a government registration board but can practise in their field as long as they meet professional requirements. unresectable स द ह ए न न य ग य Unable to be removed with surgery. Also called irresectable or inoperable. urethral cancer त र ग क क स A rare type of cancer that occurs in the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma. urinary incontinence त र य अस य The inability to hold urine in the bladder due to loss of voluntary control over the urinary sphincters resulting in the involuntary passage of urine. urologist त रव ज ञ न A doctor who specialises in diseases of the urinary or urogenital tract urothelial carcinoma य थ मलयल क मस न Cancer that begins in urothelial cells, which line the urethra, bladder, ureters, renal pelvis, and some other organs. Also called transitional cell cancer. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 69

73 U cont. uterine cancer गभ य क क स A type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the uterus, the small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis in which a foetus develops. There are two types of uterine cancer: endometrial cancer (which begins in cells lining the uterus) and uterine sarcoma (a rare cancer that begins in muscle or other tissues in the uterus). uterine sarcoma गभ य स क A type of cancer that develops in the muscles of the uterus or other tissues that support the uterus. V vaccine क A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumour or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses vaginal cancer य नन क क स A type of cancer that occurs in the vagina, the canal leading from the cervix (the opening of uterus) to the outside of the body. vaginal dilator य नन क ड इल Tube-shaped devices designed to stretch the vagina. Often made of plastic and come in various sizes. vaginismus य नन क स क न The involuntary spasm, contraction or reflex of the muscles surrounding the entrance to the vagina, making penetration impossible and/or painful. vas deferens स ड फ स The tube that carries the sperm out of the testes. vascular tumours (soft tissue sarcoma) स हन ट य (न ऊतक स क ) A type of tumour formed from blood vessels. For example, hemangioma, Lymphangioma, hemangioendothelioma, Kaposi sarcoma, angiosarcoma, hemangioblastoma, venous access device म अमभग न डड इस A catheter or other intravenous device surgically placed under the skin to provide access to veins. verrucous carcinoma य कस क मस न A rare, slow-growing type of vulvar cancer that looks like a large wart. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 70

74 V cont. VIPomas यप A rare neuroendocrine tumour of the endocrine tissue especially found in the pancreas that secretes vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). vital signs हत प ण स क त Signs of life, specifically: pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood pressure. vitamins व म न Nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. Sources of vitamins are plant and animal food products and dietary supplements. vulvar cancer ल क स A type of cancer that occurs in any part of the external female genitals. Most commonly develops in the labia minora (inner lips), the labia majora (outer lips), and the perineum (skin between the vagina and the anus). Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 71

75 W watchful waiting सतक त स प रत क ष western medicine पजश द A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. Also called allopathic medicine, biomedicine, conventional medicine, mainstream medicine, and orthodox medicine. wide local excision व टत त टथ न य उच छ दन Surgery to cut out the cancer and some healthy tissue around it. Wilms' tumour व ल म स ट य A type of cancer that starts in the kidneys. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. withdrawal symptoms व द ड र अल लक षण The unpleasant physical reaction that accompanies the process of ceasing to take an addictive drug. X X-ray एक स- Radiation, that at low levels can be used to make images inside the body. For example, mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 72

76 NOTES Multilingual Cancer Glossary Hindi ह न द Page 73

77 Australian Cancer Survivorship Centre Locked Bag 1, A Beckett Street Melbourne VIC 8006 Phone: contactacsc@petermac.org petermac.org/cancersurvivorship For additional copies of this publication or to provide feedback, please contactacsc@petermac.org