MITOSIS: Making New Body Cells Making New DNA. The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Notes Page THE CELL CYCLE
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1 Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Notes Page THE CELL CYCLE Series of events that s go through as they grow and divide Consists of four phases: G1 PHASE CELL GROWTH S PHASE CHROMOSOME REPLICATION G2 PHASE PREPARATION FOR MITOSIS M PHASE MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS Cell Cycle: order does matter! Remember: Cell Cycle phases as IPMAT I= Interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) P= Prophase (M phase) M= Metaphase (M phase) A= Anaphase (M phase) T= Telophase (M phase) MITOSIS: Making New Body Cells Making New DNA 1
2 11/18/16 Where it all began And now look at you You started as a smaller than a period at the end of a sentence How did you get from there to here? Getting from there to here Going from egg to baby. the original fertilized egg has to divide and divide and divide and divide Why do s divide " One-ed organisms # # for reproduction asexual reproduction (clones) amoeba " Multi-ed organisms # for growth & development # for repair & replacement " from fertilized egg to adult starfish " replace s that die from normal wear & tear or from injury 2
3 What has to be copied DNA organelles membrane lots of other molecules enzymes Dividing s plant animal Copying DNA A dividing duplicates its DNA creates 2 copies of all DNA separates the 2 copies to opposite ends of the splits into 2 daughter s DNA " But the DNA starts loosely wound in the " If you tried to divide it like that, it could tangle & break Organizing & packaging DNA Chromosomes of Human Female DNA 46 chromosomes 23 pairs DNA in chromosomes in everyday working DNA has been wound up 4 chromosomes in this organism DNA in chromosomes in getting ready to divide 3
4 Chromosomes of Human Male double-stranded human chromosomes ready for mitosis 46 chromosomes 23 pairs DNA must be duplicated MITOSIS=body s DNA in chromosomes duplicated chromosomes 4 double-stranded chromosomes chromosomes in 4 single-stranded chromosomes duplicated chromosomes Asexual reproduction for single s (remember: My toe needs to grow; this does not need a partner!) Growth & development for multiular organisms Four phases of Mitosis: (Hint: PMAT) 1 st P= Prophase 2 nd M= Metaphase 3 rd A= Anaphase 4 th T= Telophase 4
5 Mitosis: Dividing DNA & s Stage 1: copies DNA Mitosis: Dividing DNA & s Stage 2: DNA winds into chromosomes DNA is wound up into chromosomes to keep it organized DNA Copy DNA! duplicated chromosomes Wind up! (interphase) (prophase) Cells spend the most time in Interphase Mitosis: Dividing DNA & s Stage 3: Chromosomes line up chromosomes line up in middle attached to protein cables that will help them move Line up! Mitosis: Dividing DNA & s Stage 4: Chromosomes separate chromosomes split, separating pairs start moving to opposite ends Separate! duplicated chromosomes lined up in middle of (metaphase) chromosomes split & move to opposite ends (pull apart) (anaphase) 5
6 Mitosis: Dividing DNA & s Stage 5: Cell starts to divide s start to divide forms again Divide! Makes 2 new s Mitosis: Dividing DNA & s Stage 6: DNA unwinds again s separate now they can do their every day jobs Bye Bye! (telophase) (cytokinesis) New daughter s Cell division in Animals Get 2 exact copies of original s same DNA clones 6
7 Mitosis in whitefish embryo Mitosis in plant Overview of mitosis I.P.M.A.T.C. interphase prophase Please Make Another Two Cells cytokinesis metaphase anaphase telophase 7
8 REGULATING THE CELL CYCLE REGULATORY PROTEINS (Cyclins) CONTROL CELL GROWTH STIMULATES THE CELL TO PRODUCE SPINDLE AND BEGIN CELL DIVISION NORMAL CELLS STOP GROWING WHEN THEY COME INTO CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER What happens when there is Cancer Cells? Cancer Cells Don t respond to signals that control the cycle Do not stop dividing Can form tumors Carcinogens Damage DNA, results in cancer Radiation Cigarette smoke Environmental chemicals 8
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