Mock Exam All of the following are oxidizing agents EXCEPT a. NADP+ b. NADH c. FAD d. e. cytochromes

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1 Mock Exam 2 1. The Calvin cycle differs from the citric acid cycle in that it a. produces ATP b. directly requires light to run c. depends on the products of an electron transport chain d. occurs in a double-membrane bound organelle e. regenerates with three molecules of NADPH 2. All of the following would likely accelerate glycolysis EXCEPT a. an increase in the production of AMP b. increased activity of isomerase c. overconsumption of ATP d. increase in kinase activity e. an increase in the levels of citrate 3. ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell because a. it lowers the activation energy of most reactions b. the production of ATP requires an input of energy c. it contains unstable carboxyl groups d. it couples endergonic reactions with exergonic ones e. it is an important allosteric activator 4. All of the following involve ATP synthase EXCEPT a. the light reactions of photosynthesis b. oxidative phosphorylation c. the citric acid cycle d. chemiosmosis e. the production of energy used for the Calvin cycle 5. All of the following are oxidizing agents EXCEPT a. NADP+ b. NADH c. FAD d. e. cytochromes

2 6. During photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms in water molecules a. are incorporated into glucose b. are released as gaseous oxygen c. are used to form different water molecules d. a and b e. a and c 7. Unlike lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation a. uses oxygen b. produces two molecules of ATP for every molecule of glucose c. regenerates NAD+ by reducing pyruvate d. is common in animals e. requires the release of carbon dioxide 8. Which of the following reactions is spontaneous? a. b. glucose + fructose sucrose c. glycerol + fatty acid triacylglycerol d. ATP + e. glycine + serine dipeptide 9. How many molecules of NADH would be required to produce one molecule of glucose during photosynthesis? a. 6 b. 9 c. 12 d. 18 e. none of the above For questions 10-14, choose from one of the answer choices below. Each answer choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase E. Interphase

3 C A A D C 10. Sister chromatids are separated 11. Dyads are first visible 12. Nuclear envelope disintegrates 13. Nuclear envelope reforms 14. Nonkinetochore fibers elongate 15. All of the following are true of cancer cells EXCEPT a. they do not exhibit anchorage dependency b. they can reproduce in many types of tissues c. they are detected by the immune system because of surface proteins d. they exhibit density-dependent inhibition e. they can divide more than fifty times 16. Cyclic photophosphorylation a. involves NADP+ reductase b. absorbs light at the 700 nm wavelength c. requires two electron transport chains d. requires the splitting of water e. involves photosystem II 17. Kinases are involved in all of the following EXCEPT a. the splitting of fructose bisphosphate b. the production of glucose-6-phosphate during glycolysis c. the production of pyruvate during glycolysis d. the production of ATP e. the checkpoints of the cell cycle 18. The final electron acceptor during lactic acid fermentation is a. lactic acid b. NADH c. oxygen d. carbon dioxide e. pyruvate

4 19. In order for proteins to be used for energy by the cell, they must a. replace glucose at the beginning of glycolysis b. enter at the beginning of the citric acid cycle c. be deaminated d. go directly to the electron transport chain e. be fermented 20. Under which of the following conditions would cellular respiration occur most rapidly? a. oxygen present, AMP levels high, citric acid levels high b. oxygen absent, AMP levels high, citric acid levels low c. oxygen present, AMP levels high, citric acid levels high d. oxygen absent, AMP levels low, citric acid levels low e. oxygen present, AMP levels high, citric acid levels low 21. What is the sum of the number of molecules of ATP and carbon dioxide consumed by the Calvin cycle in order to produce a twelve carbon sugar? a. 9 b. 12 c. 18 d. 24 e The types of light most useful for photosynthesis are a. green, yellow, and orange visible light b. red, blue, and violet visible light c. red and blue visible light, and UV rays d. green visible light and UV rays e. red visible light and infrared light 23. Let 2n represent the number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an organism during interphase. Which of the following represents the number of chromatids within a cell in this organism after it has undergone meiosis I? a. n b. 2n c. 3n

5 d. 4n e. 5n 24. Let 2n represent the number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an organism during interphase. Which of the following represents the number of chromosomes within a cell that was formed by the fusion of a somatic cell of this organism with one of this organism s gametes? a. n b. 2n c. 3n d. 4n e. 5n 25. During cell cycle regulation, Cdk a. binds to MPF b. binds to cyclins c. degrades during G1 d. multiplies quickly before mitosis e. binds to the mitotic spindle 26. Which of the following are most similar? a. anaphase I, anaphase II b. anaphase I, anaphase of mitosis c. anaphase II, anaphase of mitosis d. metaphase I, metaphase II e. metaphase I, metaphase of mitosis 27. How many molecules of ATP could be produced from one molecule of glucose by oxidative phosphorylation if NADH were unable to cross the mitochondrial membrane? a. 14 b. 28 c. 30 d. 32 e. 36

6 28. Which of the following illustrates the correct path of electron flow during photosynthesis beginning with photosystem II? I. P700 reaction center II. Cytochromes III. NADPH IV. Antennae molecules V. P680 reaction center VI. Primary electron acceptor a. I, II, IV, V, VI, III b. V, IV, VI, II, III, I c. IV, V, VI, I, II, III d. IV, V, II, I, VI, III e. IV, I, VI, II, V, III For questions 29-32, choose from one of the five answer choices below. Each answer choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. n B. 2n C. 3n D. 4n E. 8n B D A B 29. The number of chromatids in a secondary oocyte 30. The number of chromatids in a primary spermatocyte 31. The number of chromosomes in a second polar body 32. The number of chromosomes in a Sertoli cell 33. In which of the following is the first reactant a reducing agent? a. b. NA + 2H NADH + c. NADH + pyruvate NA + lactic acid d. FAD + FAD

7 e. + Y X + Y 34. If acetyl CoA were unable to cross the mitochondrial membrane, how many net molecules of ATP could be produced from one molecule of glucose by oxidative phosphorylation? a. 24 b. 28 c. 34 d. 36 e Which of the following describes a difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? a. Spermatogenesis produces four viable gametes, while oogenesis produces one gamete b. Spermatogenesis is interrupted multiple times, whereas oogenesis is continuous c. Spermatogenesis does not occur throughout a man s entire life, while oogenesis occurs throughout a woman s entire life d. Spermatogenesis requires the nourishing of special cells, but oogenesis does not e. Spermatogenesis results in the uneven distribution of cytoplasm among gametes, while oogenesis does not 36. How many molecules of ATP could be produced from one molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) during cellular respiration? a. 15 b. 16 c. 18 d. 20 e In cooperativity a. the binding of an activator molecule to allosteric site stabilizes the enzyme in its active form b. a molecule similar to the substrate acts as an agonist by increasing enzyme activity c. the activation energy of the enzyme decreases d. the binding of one substrate to the active site enhances the binding of subsequent substrate molecules e. the binding of an activator molecule to an allosteric site increases the rate of enzymatic activity

8 38. Which of the following changes always characterizes an exergonic reaction? a. a decrease in total energy and an increase in entropy b. a decrease in total energy and a decrease in entropy c. an increase in total energy and an increase in entropy d. an increase in total energy and a decrease in entropy e. all of the above For questions 39 through 42, choose from one of the following answer choices. An answer choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Prophase I B. Anaphase I C. Prophase II D. Anaphase II E. Telophase II D B A D 39. Sister chromatids separate 40. Homologous chromosomes separate 41. Formation of tetrads 42. Identical to anaphase of mitosis 43. A cell in interphase has four pairs of homologous chromosomes. Assuming no crossing over occurs, how many different combinations of chromosomes would be possible in the gametes of this cell if it underwent meiosis? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16 e A new strain of bacteria is found that lives in strongly basic environments at very high temperatures. Which of the following are most likely the optimal ph and optimal temperature for the enzymes present in this bacteria? a. optimal ph of 3, optimal temperature of 100⁰C b. optimal ph of 3, optimal temperature of 20⁰C c. optimal ph of 7, optimal temperature of 100⁰C

9 d. optimal ph of 12, optimal temperature of 20⁰C e. optimal ph of 12, optimal temperature of 100⁰C 45. Which of the following contains an electron transport chain? a. intermembrane of the mitochondria b. thylakoid membrane c. stroma d. a and b e. a, b, and c 46. Which of the following could represent a possible path of an electron during cellular respiration? a. citric acid, NADH, cytochrome, ATP synthase b. water, NADH, electron transport chain, oxygen c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, NADH, cytochrome, oxygen d. pyruvate, FAD, cytochrome, oxygen e. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, FAD, electron transport chain, oxygen For questions 47-50, choose from one of the following answer choices. An answer choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. S phase B. G0 phase C. G1 phase D. G2 phase E. M phase B 47. Phase in which nerve cells primarily remain A 48. Phase in which DNA replication occurs D 49. Phase in which dynein and tubulin are synthesized in large amounts C50. Phase that contains a checkpoint to signal an increase in cyclin levels