SUPPLEMENTARY,INFORMATIONS,,,, mtorc1,is,required,for,brown,adipose,tissue,recruitment,and, METABOLIC,ADAPTATION,TO,COLD,!! Sébastien!M.!

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1 SUPPLEMENTARY,INFORMATIONS,,,, mtorc,is,required,for,brown,adipose,tissue,recruitment,and, METABOLIC,ADAPTATION,TO,COLD, SébastienM.Labbé,,MathildeMouchiroud,,AlexandreCaron,,BlandineSecco,, Elizaveta Freinkman 3, Guillaume Lamoureux,, Yves Gélinas,, Roger Lecomte 4, Yohan Bossé, Patricia Chimin 5, William T. Festuccia 5, Denis Richard,, Mathieu Laplante,

2 Figure,S, Mice were either kept at thermoneutrality (warmr 3 C) or cold exposed ( C) for weeks. cold (6Xhour at C) exposure was also performed following the thermoneutrality.(a)angiogenic,oxidative,andlipogenicgenesexpressioninbat(n=8 forwarmrn=5foracutecoldrn=8forchroniccoldrmean+/xsemranovarp<.5r P<.RP<.).(B)Cumulativefoodintakeduringacutecoldexposure(n=7X 8Rmean+/XSEMRtXtestRP<.5RP<.RP<.).(C)Plasmametabolites followinga6xhourfastingperiod(n=8x6rmean+/xsemrtxtestrp<.5rp<.r P<.).(D) Western blots performed on BAT collected from mice injected with CL36,43(CLRmg/kg).Micewerefastedduring6hoursbeforetheCLinjection(BAT was collected hour following the injection). All gels have been run under the same experimentalconditions.(e)plasmainsulinlevelshourfollowingtheclinjection.(f) RepresentativePETimageshowing 8 FDGaccumulationininnervatedanddenervated BAT lobe following chronic cold exposure. (G) Representative H&E staining of innervated and denervated BAT lobe following chronic cold exposure. (H) mtdna content presented as fold change versus shamxoperated mice kept at thermoneutrality (n=4xrmean+/xsemrtwoxwayanovarp<.vs.r###p<.vs. ).

3 Figure,S, andadxraptor KO micewereeitherkeptatthermoneutrality(warmr3 C)orcold exposed( C)forweeks.cold(6hoursat C)exposurewasalsoperformed following the thermoneutrality. (A) Western blots for RAPTOR protein expression in different tissues collected from control or AdXRaptor KO mice. All gels have been run under the same experimental conditions. (B) (Left) Body weight, (middle) epididimal WAT weight and (right) inguinal WAT weight of control and AdXRaptor KO mice. (C) Plasmametabolitesfollowinga6Xhourfastingperiod(n=8X6Rmean+/XSEMRTwoXway ANOVARP<.5RP<.RP<.vs.XR#P<.5R###P<.vs.R&P<.5R&&P<.R&&&P<.vs.KOX).(D)Ucp gene expression in BAT (n=8r mean +/X SEMR TwoXway ANOVAR P <. vs. R###P<.vs.).(E)MeanSUVtimeXactivitycurvesof CXacetatein iwat following a dynamic PET acquisition during (left) acute and (right) chronic cold exposure (n=4x5r mean +/X SEM). Mice received an acute CL injection ( mg/kg intravenously)minutepriortothepetprocedure.(f)meansuvtimexactivitycurves of CXacetate in ewat following a dynamic PET acquisition during (left) acute and (right) chronic cold exposure (n=4x5r mean +/X SEM). Mice received an acute CL injection(mg/kgintravenously)minutepriortothepetprocedure.(g)vegfagene expressioninbatofmicechronicallyexposedtocold(n=4rmean+/xsemrtxtestrp<.5vs.).

4 Figure,S3, andadxraptor KO micewerekeptatthermoneutrality(warmr3 C)forweeks. Followingtheadaptation,micewerefastedandcoldXexposedfor6hours(A,BandD,E) or for 4 days (C) before dynamic PET scan procedures or tissue analyses. (A) Representative PET images of extraction coefficient uptake of the glucose analog 8FDG between 5X3 min postxinjection (last frame). White arrows point to the interscapularbat.thewhitesquareintherightcornerspecificallyhighlightsthisregion. (B)(Left)GlucoseextractioncoefficientwasdeterminedusingPatlakgraphicalanalysis following a 3Xminutes dynamic scan. (Right) Total dynamic glucose uptake corrected fortissueweightwascalculatedfromtheextractioncoefficient,batweightandplasma glucoselevels(n=3rmean+/xsemrtxtestrp<.).(c)inguinalwat(iwat)total dynamic glucose uptake (left) and epididymal WAT (ewat) total dynamic glucose uptake(right)correctedfortissueweightwascalculatedfromtheextractioncoefficient, iwatandewatweightandplasmaglucoselevels(n=4x5rmean+/xsemrtxtestrp<.5).(d) Representative PET images of extraction coefficient uptake of the fatty acid analog 8 FTHAbetween5X3minutespostXinjection(lastframe).Whitearrowspointto BAT. The white square in the right corner specifically highlights this region. (E) (Left) NEFAextractioncoefficientwasdeterminedusingPatlakgraphicalanalysisfollowinga 3Xminutes dynamic scan. (Right) Total dynamic NEFA uptake corrected for tissue weight was calculated from the extraction coefficient, BAT weight and plasma NEFA levels(n=4x5rmean+/xsemrtxtest).

5 Figure,S4, andadxraptor KO micewerecoldexposedfor4daysandfastedduring6hours beforebatcollection.(a) Triacylglycerol(TG)speciesmeasuredbymetabolomicsthat weresignificantlydifferentbetweencontrolandadxraptorkomice.metabolitesinbold arestatisticallydifferentbetweencontrolandadxraptorkomice(n=3rtxtestrp<.5). (B) Triacylglycerol(TG) species measured by metabolomics that were not significantly differentbetweencontrolandadxraptorkomice.(n=3rtxtest). Figure,S5, andadxraptor KO micewerecoldexposedfor4daysandfastedduring6hours beforebatcollection.(a) alphaxketoglutarate levels measured by metabolomics (n=3r mean +/X SEMR txtestr P <.5). (B) Glutamate and glutamine levels measured by metabolomics(n=3rmean+/xsemrtxtestrp<.5). Figure,S6, Integrativetranscriptomicsandmetabolomicsmetabolicpathwaysfollowingchroniccold exposure. Figure,S7, andadxraptor KO micewerecoldexposedfor4daysandfastedduring6hours before BAT collection. Gene expression of (A) Adrb. and (B) Adrb (n=4r mean +/X SEMRTwoXwayANOVARP<.5vs.R###P<.vs.).

6 Figure S A 3 Vegfa 4 Hifa.5 Pecam 3 Cox Scd 5. 5 Ppary Ap 5 Fas 5 Acaca 5 Acly B Food intake (g) Time (h) 4 3 Insulin level 5 Innervated Denervated E Innervated Denervated pmol. l - Ctrl CL36,43 C Glucose (mmol/l) Insulin (pmol/l) NEFA (μmol/l) Triglycerides (mmol/l) Leptin (ng/ml) F. G. control acute cold chronic 8.8 ± ±.7 7. ±. 6 ± 4 ± 6 8 ± 4 58 ± 43 7 ± ± ±.6.34 ±..3 ±.4.4 ±.4.9 ±..6 ±.6 D H. Fold increase vs. control 4 3 Ctrl mtdna CL36,43 ### (Sham) Innervated Denervated P -S4/S44-S6 S6 P -S473-Akt Akt

7 Figure S A. Brain ewat Lung Liver Spleen RAPTOR RAPTOR RAPTOR RAPTOR RAPTOR Akt Akt Akt Akt Akt B. Body weight (g) 3 ewat weight (mg) 4 3 ### # iwat weight (mg) ## # warm cold warm cold warm cold C. Glucose (mmol/l) Insulin (pmol/l) NEFA (μmol/l) Triglycerides (mmol/l) Leptin (ng/ml) warm cold warm cold acute chronic acute chronic 9.7 ± ±.8.3 ±.9.4 ± ±.9 &&& 6.4 ±.5 ### 49 ± 4 ±4 7 ± 3 ### 36 ± 36 4 ± 4 &&& 8 ± 7&&& 68 ± ± ± ± 8# 835 ± 8&&& 94 ± 3.5 ±.3.4 ±..3 ±.3.43 ±.7.34 ±..4 ±.4.53 ±.3.93 ±.8. ±.4 ###.44 ±..49 ±.7. ±.5&& E. iwat F. ewat D. Ucp expression 4 3 G. ###.8 mean SUV cold Time (sec) mean SUV cold Time (sec) mean SUV cold mean SUV Time (sec) cold Time (sec) Vegfa expression.6.4.

8 Figure S3 8 FDG A. B. 8 FTHA D. E. extraction coefficient (min -. g - ) nmol. min -. tissue C. nmol. min -. tissue iwat nmol. min -. tissue ewat extraction coefficient (min -. g - ) nmol. min -. tissue - 3

9 - + A. TG(4:/4:/8:3) TG(4:/6:/8:) TG(6:/5:/8:) TG(4:/7:/8:) TG(6:/6:/8:) TG(4:/8:/8:) TG(4:/8:/8:3) TG(6:/7:/8:) TG(6:/7:/8:) TG(6:/7:/8:) TG(6:/8:/8:) TG(4:/8:/:5) TG(4:/8:3/:5) TG(6:/4:/4:) TG(6:/:/8:) TG(8:/8:/8:) TG(6:/:/8:) TG(5:/6:/8:) TG(5:/6:/8:) TG(6:/7:/8:) TG(6:/7:/8:) TG(5:/8:/8:) TG(8:/8:/8:3) TG(8:3/8:/8:) TG(8:/8:/:6) TG(8:/8:/:5) TG(8:/8:/:6) TG(8:/:6/:6) B. - + TG(6:/:/4:) TG(4:/4:/6:) TG(4:/4:/6:) TG(4:/:/8:) TG(4:/6:/6:) TG(4:/4:/8:) TG(36:) TG(4:/4:/8:) TG(4:/5:/8:) TG(4:/5:/8:) TG(4:/5:/8:) TG(4:/6:/8:) TG(4:/6:/8:) TG(4:/6:/8:3) TG(4:/6:/8:) TG(4:/7:/8:) TG(6:/5:/8:) TG(6:/6:/8:) TG(6:/6:/8:) TG(6:/:4/4:) TG(6:/8:/8:) TG(6:/8:/8:) TG(6:/8:/8:) TG(4:/8:/:3) TG(4:/8:/:4) TG(6:/6:/:5) TG(4:/8:/:4) TG(4:/6:/:6) TG(4:/6:/:6) TG(4:/8:/:6) TG(6:/8:/:5) TG(9:/8:/8:) TG(6:/4:/6:) TG(8:/:/8:) TG(8:/:/8:) TG(6:/3:/8:) TG(6:/3:/8:) TG(6:/3:/8:) TG(6:/4:/8:) TG(48:) TG(6:/4:/8:) TG(6:/4:/8:) TG(:/8:/8:) TG(:/8:/8:3) TG(8:3/:/8:) TG(8:/3:/8:) TG(6:/6:/8:) TG(6:/6:/8:) TG(8:3/4:/8:) TG(5:) - + TG(6:/7:/8:) TG(5:/8:/8:) TG(8:/6:/8:) TG(8:/6:4/8:) TG(6:/8:/9:) TG(7:/8:/8:) TG(8:/7:/8:) TG(8:/7:/8:) TG(8:/7:/8:) TG(8:3/7:/8:) TG(8:/8:/8:) TG(8:/8:/8:) TG(8:/8:/8:) TG(8:/8:/8:) TG(6:/8:/:) TG(9:/8:/8:) TG(9:/8:/8:) TG(9:/8:/8:) TG(9:/8:/8:) TG(9:/8:/8:) TG(8:/8:/:) TG(:/8:/8:) TG(:/8:/8:) TG(:/8:/8:) TG(:/8:/8:) TG(6:/8:/:6) TG(8:/8:/:) TG(8:/8:/:) TG(8:/8:/:) TG(:/8:/:) TG(8:/8:/:) TG(8:/8:/:) TG(8:/8:/:) TG(:/8:/8:) TG(8:/8:/:3) TG(8:/8:/:6) TG(8:/8:/3:) TG(8:/8:/3:) TG(6:/:6/:6) TG(:/8:/:) TG(8:/8:/4:) TG(8:/8:/4:) TG(4:/8:/8:) TG(5:6/8:4/8:4) Figure S4

10 Figure S5 A. -ketoglutarate B Glutamate Glutamine

11 Figure S6 Glycolysis Glucose Hk Glucose 6-Phosphate Gpi Fructose 6-Phosphate Pfkl Fbp H6pd 6-phosphoglucono -lactone Pentose phosphate pathway Rpe 6-phosphogluconate Pgd Ribulose 5-phosphate Fructose,6-BiPhosphate Xylulose 5-phosphate Ribose 5-phosphate Dihydroxyacetone- Phosphate (DHAP) Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Tkt Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate Taldo Ak3 Aprt Hprt Triglyceride synthesis,3-biphosphate Glycerate Pgk 3-Phosphate Glycerate Adsl Gart Paics Guk Mthfd Mthfd Psph Glycerol Gyk Dihydroxyacetone- Phosphate (DHAP) Gpd Fatty acids from circulation -Phosphate Glycerate Nucleotide synthesis Gpat Gpat4 Agpat4 Agpat p=.6 Glycerol 3-Phosphate Lysophosphatidic acid Acyl CoA Lipogenesis p=. Acacb p=.6 Citrate Acetyl-CoA Acly Acaca Malonyl-CoA Phosphoenolpyruvate Pyruvate Cytosol Mitochondria Pyruvate Pdha Pdhb From tryglyceride breakdown (See Figure 7) Lipin Ppapc Dgat Phosphatidic acid Diacylglycerol Acyl CoA Acyl CoA Elovl Elovl3 Elovl5 Elovl6 Fasn Acsl Acsl5 Acss Acss Acss3 Scd Oxaloacetate Mdh Malate Acetyl CoA p=.6 Cs Dld Pdhx Slc5a Beta-oxidation Citrate p=. Cpt Cpt Acyl-CoA Acyl-Carnitines Triacylglycerol Acyl CoA Fh Aco Triglyceride breakdown Fumarate Isocitrate Idh Mgll Glycerol Acyl CoA Sdhd Sdhc Sdhb Sdha Succinate Suclg Suclg Sucla Succinyl CoA Idh3a Idh3b Idh3g Alpha-Ketoglutarate Ogdh Dlst Dld p=.6 Glutamine Glutamate N/A No change Decreased Increased

12 Figure S7 A..5 B..5 Adrb expression..5 Adrb expression..5 ###