Negative relationships between growth in height and levels of cholesterol in puberty: a 3-year follow-up study
|
|
- Blaise McLaughlin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IJE vol.32 no.6 International Epidemiological Association 2003; all rights reserved. International Journal of Epidemiology 2003;32: DOI: /ije/dyg207 Negative relationships between growth in height and levels of cholesterol in puberty: a 3-year follow-up study Katsuyasu Kouda, 1,2 Harunobu Nakamura, 1 WenYing Fan 1 and Hiroichi Takeuchi 1 Accepted 23 April 2003 Background Previously, there were only a few reports on the negative relationship between pubertal growth in height and levels of serum lipid in boys. Detailed information on both genders is needed. Methods Results Conclusion Keywords We investigated the relationship between pubertal growth in height and serum lipid. Subjects were 1442 boys and 1350 girls followed up from age years (the fifth grade level of elementary school) to age years (the second year of junior high school). Anthropometric variables and serum lipids were measured by the same protocol at both ages. From cross-sectional analysis, at both ages negative relationships between total cholesterol levels and height were found in both genders. On longitudinal analysis, height at age years was one of the factors predicting the level of total cholesterol at age years. In addition, negative relationships between increase in height and change in serum lipids (total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) over the 3-year period were obtained in both genders. Thus, pubertal children who experience a large increase in height tended to show a decrease in serum lipids, and children who experience a small increase in height tended to show an increase in serum lipids. In both genders, total cholesterol level in pubertal children is negatively associated with height. Height velocity is inversely associated with dynamic changes in serum lipids during puberty. Body height, cardiovascular diseases, child development, growth, hyperlipidaemia, Japan, lipids, longitudinal studies, puberty, schools Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to adulthood has been reported. 1 3 In the wake of previous findings, it is considered that serum lipid measurements in childhood and adolescence can predict adult values. 1 3 In contrast, there are some cases whose serum lipid levels are high in childhood and normal in adulthood. 4 Serum lipids levels in schoolchildren are affected by race and sex Thus, detailed analysis of serum lipids in child development is needed. 1 Department of Public Health, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. 2 Department of Hygiene, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Japan. Correspondence: Dr Katsuyasu Kouda, Department of Hygiene, Kansai Medical University, 10 15, Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka , Japan. koudak@takii.kmu.ac.jp Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of newborns are very low compared with those of adults, and increase with growth. 5 In schoolchildren, dynamic changes in serum lipids are observed during puberty. Serum lipids values peak at 9 10 years of age, and decrease thereafter. In adolescence, serum lipids begin to increase again. These changes in serum lipids during puberty are more remarkable in males than in females The decrease in serum lipids levels during puberty are associated with the process of sexual maturation, 6,9,13,14 and related to an increase in the plasma testosterone concentration in boys or oestradiol concentration in girls. 9,15,16 Growth spurt in height, which is affected by the secretion level of growth hormone (GH), also occurs in this period. It has been reported that basal GH level is positively correlated with high-density 1105
2 1106 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 17,18 and the administration of GH decreases LDL-C and increases HDL-C. 19 There have been only a few reports on the relationship between growth in height and levels of serum lipids. Freedman et al. 20 conducted a longitudinal study with 78 boys, and reported that the relationships of change in LDL-C with change in weight were positive. In contrast, the relationship of change in LDL-C with change in height was negative. Chiang et al. 21 also reported finding a negative association between change in TC and change in height in 208 white boys and 189 black boys. From these reports, it is postulated that children who demonstrate a relatively large increase in height might also show a large decrease in serum lipids during puberty. However, these previous reports, which discussed the relationship between change in serum lipids and pubertal growth in height, arose from investigations including only boys. Detailed information on both genders is needed. In this study, we conducted a 3-year longitudinal study in Japanese schoolchildren (1442 boys and 1350 girls), and examined the relationship between pubertal growth in height and levels of serum lipids in both genders. Methods Population A total of 3219 children aged years, who were in the fifth grade of elementary school located in Iwata City in Shizuoka prefecture, Japan, were initially eligible. This group included 569 males and 567 females in 1994, 552 males and 480 females in 1996, and 512 males and 539 females in We could examine 99.9% of the initially eligible children aged years, and could follow a total of 2792 children (1442 males and 1350 females) for over 3 years, until they reached the age of years, the second year of junior high school. Children who graduated or moved outside the school district, and children with the same family and given names were lost to follow-up. The retention rate was 86.7%. Concerning the pubertal development in this study population, we have reported previously that the 3.8% of the girls aged years in 1996 and 1997 experienced menarche. 22 It was reported that peak height velocity (cm/year) was shown to occur around age 9 10 years in girls and years in boys in Japanese children in Examinations The same protocol was used in all examinations of children aged years and years. At each examination, height to 0.1 cm and weight to 0.1 kg were measured. 24 Measurements of height and body weight were made by Yogo teachers who have a Japanese national educational license, and play a role in health education and healthcare in elementary and junior high schools. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) was calculated by dividing the weight (kg) by the height (m) squared. For measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), an automated device (BP-103N II, Colin Corporation, Komaki, Japan) was used. Serum TC and serum HDL-C were also measured, and atherogenic index [AI = (TC HDL-C)/HDL-C] was calculated at each examination. TC was determined enzymatically (Pureauto CHO-N, Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) using a Hitachi 7350 automatic chemistry analyser. HDL-C was measured by a direct method (Cholestest HDL, Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) on the same analyser. Statistical analysis For analysis of baseline and follow-up levels of the variables measured, 95% CI was used to evaluate the difference between the result of each examination at age years and the result of each examination at age years. Pearson s correlation test was employed for expressing a 3-year tracking of serum lipids and anthropometric variables. Simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed for analysis of cross-sectional association between TC and variables at the two ages. These regression analyses were also employed for analysis of factors predicting the levels of TC at the age of years from height, weight, SBP, and DBP at age years. Simple and multiple regression analyses were also employed for analysis of relationships between changes in serum lipids and changes in anthropometric variables over a 3-year period. Pearson s correlation test was also employed for expressing correlation coefficients between changes in TC and changes in height over a 3-year period. All statistical analyses were performed using StatView (version 5.0, SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results Table 1 shows the longitudinal change and relationship over a 3-year follow-up period. In boys, TC level decreased from age years to years. In addition, there were correlations between baseline and follow-up variables. Table 2 shows the cross-sectional associations between TC and variables at two ages, years and years. At both ages, negative regression coefficients of height and TC were found in both boys and girls. Table 3 shows the results of regression analyses for predicting the level of TC in children at age years from height, weight, SBP, and DBP at age years. Height at years was the predicting factor of TC level at years, and regression coefficients of height were negative in both genders. Table 4 shows the results of regression analyses between change in anthropometric variables and change in serum lipids over a 3-year period. In both genders, a negative association was observed between change in height and change in TC. A negative association was also observed between change in height and change in serum HDL-C in both genders. Figure 1 shows the relationship between increase in height and change in TC. Pubertal children who experience a large increase in height tended to show a decrease in serum lipids, and children who experience a small increase in height tended to show an increase in serum lipids in both genders. Discussion In boys, TC level decreased from age years to years. It is acknowledged that serum TC and HDL-C values peak at 9 10 years old, and decrease between 10 and 14 years old in boys. 5,6,8,9,12,14,25 28 In addition, there were strong correlations between baseline and follow-up levels of anthropometric variables and serum lipids.
3 HEIGHT AND CHOLESTEROL IN PUBERTY 1107 Table 1 Longitudinal change and relationship over a 3-year follow-up period Correlation years years Difference coefficient Mean ± SE Mean ± SE Mean (95% CI) (95% CI) Height (cm) Boys ± ± (20.6, 21.0) 0.87 (0.85, 0.88) Girls ± ± (15.1, 15.6) 0.78 (0.76, 0.80) Weight (kg) Boys 33.4 ± ± (15.1, 15.6) 0.89 (0.87, 0.90) Girls 33.6 ± ± (13.4, 13.8) 0.86 (0.84, 0.87) Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) Boys 17.4 ± ± (1.7, 1.8) 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) Girls 17.3 ± ± (2.4, 2.6) 0.84 (0.83, 0.86) Total cholesterol (mmol/l) Boys 4.48 ± ± ( 0.19, 0.13) 0.73 (0.71, 0.76) Girls 4.51 ± ± (0.07, 0.13) 0.70 (0.67, 0.73) High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l) Boys 1.72 ± ± ( 0.12, 0.09) 0.71 (0.68, 0.73) Girls 1.64 ± ± (0.02, 0.05) 0.68 (0.65, 0.71) Atherogenic index Boys 1.64 ± ± (0.05, 0.09) 0.75 (0.72, 0.77) Girls 1.79 ± ± ( 0.04, 0.01) 0.74 (0.72, 0.77) Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) Boys ± ± (5.6, 6.9) 0.39 (0.35, 0.43) Girls ± ± (1.6, 2.9) 0.39 (0.34, 0.43) Diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) Boys 60.9 ± ± (0.8, 1.8) 0.27 (0.22, 0.31) Girls 62.6 ± ± (0.3, 1.3) 0.34 (0.29, 0.38) Pearson s correlation test boys and 1350 girls. Table 2 Cross-sectional associations between total cholesterol and variables at the age of years and the age of years Dependent Explanatory Regression coefficient (95% CI) Sex variable variable Unadjusted Adjusted Boys years TC a years height 0.40 ( 0.63, 0.16) 1.15 ( 1.46, 0.84) years weight 0.28 (0.07, 0.49) 0.87 (0.58, 1.15) years SBP b 0.25 (0.13, 0.36) 0.17 (0.03, 0.32) years DBP c 0.29 (0.12, 0.45) 0.15 ( 0.05, 0.35) years TC years height 0.66 ( 0.83, 0.49) 1.19 ( 1.42, 0.96) years weight 0.03 ( 0.18, 0.11) 0.54 (0.35, 0.72) years SBP 0.14 (0.02, 0.26) 0.11 ( 0.03, 0.26) years DBP 0.25 (0.09, 0.41) 0.24 (0.05, 0.43) Girls years TC years height 0.78 ( 0.99, 0.56) 1.07 ( 1.38, 0.76) years weight 0.38 ( 0.60, 0.16) 0.33 (0.02, 0.65) years SBP 0.07 ( 0.05, 0.19) 0.09 ( 0.07, 0.25) years DBP 0.15 ( 0.03, 0.32) 0.13 ( 0.09, 0.35) years TC years height 0.38 ( 0.66, 0.09) 0.62 ( 0.94, 0.29) years weight 0.11 ( 0.09, 0.32) 0.28 (0.05, 0.52) years SBP 0.30 (0.17, 0.44) 0.22 (0.05, 0.39) years DBP 0.36 (0.17, 0.55) 0.17 ( 0.07, 0.42) Unadjusted, univariate model for each variable, simple regression analysis; Adjusted, simultaneously adjusted for all variables in the Table, multiple regression analysis boys and 1350 girls. a Total cholesterol. b Systolic blood pressure. c Diastolic blood pressure. Previously, Orchard et al. 29 and Chu et al. 30 investigated children aged years in cross-sectional studies and reported finding a negative correlation between serum lipid and height in boys. However, they did not demonstrate significant relationships in girls. In contrast, in cross-sectional studies, we demonstrated negative associations between height and TC in not only boys but also girls. In Japanese children, in 1997, the peak height velocity (cm/year) was shown to occur at age 9 10 years in girls and years in boys. 23 Present subjects aged years and years were around the peak height velocity. In contrast, subjects in previous reports were older than subjects in the present study. This might be one of the reasons why previous studies could not demonstrate the relationship in girls.
4 1108 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Table 3 Factors predicting the levels of total cholesterol at the age of years Regression coefficient (95% CI) Sex Explanatory variable Unadjusted Adjusted Boys years height 0.56 ( 0.79, 0.33) 1.17 ( 1.48, 0.86) years weight 0.09 ( 0.12, 0.31) 0.75 (0.46, 1.03) years SBP a 0.13 (0.01, 0.25) 0.14 ( 0.00, 0.29) years DBP b 0.09 ( 0.08, 0.25) 0.00 ( 0.21, 0.20) Girls years height 0.23 ( 0.46, 0.00) 0.51 ( 0.85, 0.17) years weight 0.02 ( 0.22, 0.25) 0.33 ( 0.01, 0.68) years SBP 0.10 ( 0.03, 0.23) 0.12 ( 0.05, 0.30) years DBP 0.07 ( 0.11, 0.26) 0.03 ( 0.27, 0.21) Unadjusted, univariate model for each variable, simple regression analysis; Adjusted, simultaneously adjusted for all variables in the Table, multiple regression analysis boys and 1350 girls. a Systolic blood pressure. b Diastolic blood pressure. Table 4 Analysis of relationship between change in anthropometric variables and change in serum lipids over a 3-year period Dependent Explanatory Regression coefficient (95% CI) Sex Variable variable Unadjusted Adjusted Boys Change in TC a Change in height 1.18 ( 1.42, 0.93) 1.66 ( 1.96, 1.35) Change in weight 0.14 ( 0.34, 0.06) 0.64 (0.40, 0.88) Change in HDL-C b Change in height 0.37 ( 0.50, 0.23) 0.19 ( 0.36, 0.02) Change in weight 0.33 ( 0.44, 0.22) 0.24 ( 0.38, 0.10) Change in AI c Change in height 0.01 ( 0.01, 0.00) 0.02 ( 0.03, 0.02) Change in weight 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) Girls Change in TC Change in height 1.11 ( 1.39, 0.84) 1.33 ( 1.62, 1.04) Change in weight 0.18 ( 0.12, 0.48) 0.67 (0.36, 0.98) Change in HDL-C Change in height 0.42 ( 0.56, 0.29) 0.33 ( 0.48, 0.19) Change in weight 0.40 ( 0.54, 0.25) 0.28 ( 0.43, 0.12) Change in AI Change in height 0.00 ( 0.00, 0.01) 0.01 ( 0.01, 0.00) Change in weight 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) Unadjusted, univariate model for each variable, simple regression analysis; Adjusted, simultaneously adjusted for all variables in the Table, multiple regression analysis boys and 1350 girls. a Total cholesterol. b High-density lipoprotein cholesterol. c Atherogenic index. Looking at predictive factors for TC level in children at age years, height at age years was one of these. In addition, the regression coefficients were negative in both genders. Further, we investigated the changes in anthropometric variables and serum lipids over a 3-year period, and demonstrated that the relationship of change in TC with change in weight was positive, and that the relationship of change in TC with change in height was negative. These results were consistent with previous reports. Freedman et al. 20 conducted a longitudinal study in 78 white boys from age years to years in the Bogalusa Heart Study, and reported finding an inverse correlation of changes in serum lipids with increase in height. Chiang et al. 21 also followed 208 white boys and 189 black boys from age 8 12 years to years in the Bogalusa Heart Study, and reported finding a negative correlation between changes in serum lipids and increase in height. However, few previous publications have reported any such an association in girls. In the present result, negative relationships between changes in height and changes in serum lipids were shown in both genders. Thus, pubertal children who experience a large increase in height tended to show a decrease in serum lipids, and children who experience a small increase in height tended to show an increase in serum lipids. In both genders, TC level in pubertal children is negatively associated with height. Height velocity is inversely associated with dynamic changes in serum lipids during puberty. Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid Research on the establishment of a healthy lifestyle from childhood from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. The authors thank the school administration in Iwata City for their help. KEY MESSAGES Cholesterol levels in pubertal children are affected by their development. A negative relationship between height and total cholesterol is shown around growth spurt in height. Height velocity is inversely associated with dynamic changes in serum lipids during puberty.
5 HEIGHT AND CHOLESTEROL IN PUBERTY 1109 Figure 1 Relationship between change in total cholesterol (TC) and increase in height. Open square and dotted line, boys (r = 0.24, P 0.001); closed triangle and straight line, girls (r = 0.21, P 0.001). Data are from 1442 boys and 1350 girls, and are presented as Pearson s correlation test References 1 Porkka KVK, Viikari JSA, Åkerblom HK. Tracking of serum HDLcholesterol and other lipids in children and adolescents: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Prev Med 1991;20: Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Wattigney WA, Berenson GS. Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins from childhood to adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133: Porkka KVK, Viikari JSA, Taimela S, Dahl M, Åkerblom HK. Tracking and predictiveness of serum lipid and lipoprotein measurements in childhood: a 12-year follow-up. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;140: Lauer RM, Clarke WR. Use of cholesterol measurements in childhood for the prediction of adult hypercholesterolemia. The Muscatine Study. JAMA 1990;264: Farinaro E, Giumetti D, Coraggio S, Panico S, Mancini M. Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in childhood. Prev Med 1983;12: Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Cresanta JL, Foster TA, Webber LS. Dynamic changes of serum lipoproteins in children during adolescence and sexual maturation. Am J Epidemiol 1981;113: Freedman DS, Bowman BA, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Otvos JD. Distribution and correlates of high-density lipoprotein subclasses among children and adolescents. Metabolism 2001;50: Hickman TB, Briefel RR, Carroll MD et al. Distributions and trends of serum lipid levels among United States children and adolescents ages 4 19 years: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Prev Med 1998;27: Stožicky F, Slaby P, Volenikova L. Longitudinal study of serum cholesterol, apolipoproteins and sex hormones during puberty. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991;80: Srinivasan SR, Wattigney W, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Race and gender differences in serum lipoproteins of children, adolescents, and young adults emergence of an adverse lipoprotein pattern in white males: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Prev Med 1991;20: Rifkind BM, Tamir I, Heiss G, Wallace RB, Tyroler HA. Distribution of high density and other lipoproteins in selected LRC prevalence study populations: a brief survey. Lipids 1979;14: Labarthe DR, Nichaman MZ, Harrist RB, Grunbaum JA, Dai S. Development of cardiovascular risk factors from ages 8 to 18 in Project HeartBeat! Study design and patterns of change in plasma total cholesterol concentration. Circulation 1997;95: Morrison JA, Laskarzewski PM, Rauh JL et al. Lipids, lipoproteins, and sexual maturation during adolescence: the Princeton Maturation Study. Metabolism 1979;28: Tell GS, Mittelmark MB, Vellar OD. Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides during puberty: the Oslo Youth Study. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122: Laskarzewski PM, Morrison JA, Gutai J, Khoury PR, Glueck CJ. Longitudinal relationships among endogenous testosterone, estradiol,
6 1110 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY and Quetelet index with high and low density lipoprotein cholesterols in adolescent boys. Pediatr Res 1983;17: Kirkland RT, Keenan BS, Probstfield JL et al. Decrease in plasma highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels at puberty in boys with delayed adolescence. Correlation with plasma testosterone levels. JAMA 1987; 257: Luoma PV, Myllylä VV, Sotaniemi EA, Hokkanen TEJ. Plasma HDL cholesterol and growth hormone in epileptics treated with anticonvulsants. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1980;47: Bänsch D, Dirkes-Kersting A, Schulte H, Assmann G, von Eckardstein A. Basal growth hormone levels are positively correlated with highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels in women. Metabolism 1997; 46: I Allemand D, Eiholzer U, Schlumpf M, Steinert H, Riesen W. Cardiovascular risk factors improve during 3 years of growth hormone therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 2000;159: Freedman DS, Cresanta JL, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Longitudinal serum lipoprotein changes in white males during adolescence: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabolism 1985;34: Chiang YK, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Relationship between change in height and changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in adolescent males: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42: Kouda K, Nakamura H, Miyahara T et al. Comparative study of hypercholesterolemia and obesity; daily physical activity and dietary behavior of years old children. J Child Health 1998;57: [In Japanese.] High cholesterol is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). It is involved in the development of atherosclerotic changes of the arterial wall, which have been shown to begin at an early age, even in apparently healthy children and adolescents. 1 Levels of cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors in childhood are also known to track into adult life and influence subsequent subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease. 2 Studies of predictors of childhood cholesterol are therefore of importance for primary prevention and may help to identify those particularly susceptible to later hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease at an early age. A paper in 23 Yoshizaki M, Sasaki O, Sato T et al. KOKUMIN EISEI NO DOKO. J Health Welfare Stat 1998;45(9 Suppl.):472. [In Japanese.] 24 Foster TA, Voors AW, Webber LS, Frerichs RR, Berenson GS. Anthropometric and maturation measurements of children, ages 5 to 14 years, in a biracial community the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1977;30: Yamamoto A, Horibe H, Sawada S et al. Serum lipid levels in elementary and junior high school children and their relationship to relative weight. Prev Med 1988;17: Fukushige J, Igarashi H, Ueda K, Akazawa K, Nose Y. Serum cholesterol levels in school-aged Japanese children: the Hisayama study. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1996;38: Okuni M, Hayashi K, Kiryu S, Yamauchi K. Risk factors of arteriosclerosis in Japanese children. Jpn Circ J 1980;44: Zahavi I, Goldbourt U, Cohen-Mandelzweig L et al. Distributions of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Israeli Jewish children of different geographic-ethnic origins, ages 9 17 years. Prev Med 1987;16: Orchard TJ, Rodgers M, Hedley AJ, Mitchell JRA. Changes in blood lipids and blood pressure during adolescence. BMJ 1980;28: Chu NF, Rimm EB, Wang DJ, Liou HS, Shieh SM. Relationship between anthropometric variables and lipid levels among school children: the Taipei Children Heart Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998;22: IJE vol.32 no.6 International Epidemiological Association 2003; all rights reserved. International Journal of Epidemiology 2003;32: DOI: /ije/dyg315 Commentary: The association between height growth and cholesterol levels during puberty: implications for adult health Rebecca Hardy and Claudia Langenberg MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free & University College London Medical School, 1 19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK. rebecca.hardy@ucl.ac.uk this issue of the International Journal of Epidemiology reports negative associations between height and total cholesterol in Japanese boys and girls around the time of puberty. 3 As well as cross-sectional associations the authors find that changes in height were negatively associated with concurrent changes in total cholesterol. An important question is what are the implications of these findings for later health? Short stature in adulthood has been consistently linked with increased CHD morbidity and mortality of CHD and also with unfavourable levels of CHD risk factors, including cholesterol. 4 Adult height is determined by genetic factors as well as early environmental influences on growth. Which particular period of growth may be crucial for the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease remains to be determined. Few studies have considered the association between childhood growth and later cholesterol levels. A previous study in
BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN SCHOOLCHILDREN
BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN SCHOOLCHILDREN M. Verma J. Chhatwal S.M. George ABSTRACT The study was conducted in an industrial and prosperous city of Punjab to evaluate the biophysical profile
More informationComparison of Abnormal Cholesterol in Children, Adolescent & Adults in the United States, : Review
European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 2017, 1(1), 04 ISSN: 2468-1997 Comparison of Abnormal Cholesterol in Children, Adolescent & Adults in the United States, 2011-2014: Review Rasaki Aranmolate
More informationLipid and Insulin Levels in Obese Children: Changes with Age and Puberty
Risk Factors and Chronic Disease Lipid and Insulin Levels in Obese Children: Changes with Age and Puberty Orit Pinhas-Hamiel,* Liat Lerner-Geva,* Nancy M. Copperman, and Marc S. Jacobson Abstract PINHAS-HAMIEL,
More informationWe have recently published blood pressure (BP) percentiles
Blood Pressure Differences by Ethnic Group Among United States Children and Adolescents Bernard Rosner, Nancy Cook, Ron Portman, Steve Daniels, Bonita Falkner Abstract Large differences in blood pressure
More informationThe most recent United States National Institutes
Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Biracial Sample of Children and Adolescents Peter T. Katzmarzyk, PhD*; Sathanur R. Srinivasan, PhD ; Wei
More informationComparison of Lipoprotein (a) and Apolipoproteins in Children with and without Familial History of Premature Coronary Artery Disease
Short Comunication Iran J Pediatr Jun 2008; Vol 18 ( No 2), Pp:159-162 Comparison of Lipoprotein (a) and Apolipoproteins in Children with and without Familial History of Premature Coronary Artery Disease
More information. Non HDL-c : Downloaded from ijdld.tums.ac.ir at 18:05 IRDT on Friday March 22nd Non HDL LDL. . LDL Non HDL-c
208-23 (2 ) 0 389 -. Non HDL * Downloaded from ijdld.tums.ac.ir at 8:05 IRDT on Friday March 22nd 209 Non HDL : LDL.. 5 3277 :.. odds ratio Chi-Square %3/9 Non HDL-C %2 LDL-C. %3 : Non-HDL-C LDL-C. (CI
More informationHereditary dyslipidaemias and combined risk factors in children with a family history of premature coronary artery disease
292 Department of Paediatrics, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden T Sveger C-E Flodmark K Nordborg Department of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden P Nilsson-Ehle
More informationARTICLE. Childhood Passive Smoking, Race, and Coronary Artery Disease Risk. William B. Moskowitz, MD; Pamela F. Schwartz, PhD; Richard M.
Childhood Passive Smoking, Race, and Coronary Artery Disease Risk The MCV Twin Study ARTICLE William B. Moskowitz, MD; Pamela F. Schwartz, PhD; Richard M. Schieken, MD Background: Children with long-term
More informationThe New England Journal of Medicine ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MULTIPLE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MULTIPLE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS GERALD S. BERENSON, M.D., SATHANUR R. SRINIVASAN, PH.D., WEIHANG BAO, PH.D., WILLIAM P. NEWMAN
More informationThe investigation of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adult population of Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India
eissn: 09748369, www.biolmedonline.com The investigation of serum lipids and prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adult population of Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India M Estari, AS Reddy, T Bikshapathi,
More informationHypertriglyceridemia and the Related Factors in Middle-aged Adults in Taiwan
1 Hypertriglyceridemia and the Related Factors in Middle-aged Adults in Taiwan Cheng-Chieh Lin, Tsai-Chung Li 2, Shih-Wei Lai, Kim-Choy Ng 1, Kuo-Che Wang, Chiu-Shong Liu Department of Community Medicine,
More informationPEDIATRIC obesity is a complex and growing
Research Papers Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Obesity Semiz Serap*, Bican Mevlüt*, Çakaloz Inanç and Semiz Ender From the Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatrics, and Cardiology, Pamukkale
More informationDevelopment of the Automated Diagnosis CT Screening System for Visceral Obesity
Review Asian Pacific Journal of Disease Management 2008; 2(2), 31-38 Development of the Automated Diagnosis CT Screening System for Visceral Obesity Toru Nakagawa 1), Syuichiro Yamamoto 1), Masataka Irokawa
More informationParticipation in School Sports Clubs and Related Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Males
227 Original Article Participation in School Sports Clubs and Related Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Males Hiroshi KAWABE, Kazuko MURATA *, Hirotaka SHIBATA, Hiroshi HIROSE, Minako TSUJIOKA,
More informationAssociation between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk factors in a pediatric population
+ Association between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk factors in a pediatric population Maria Perticone Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro
More informationPersistence of Juvenile-Onset Obesity over Eight Years:
Persistence of Juvenile-Onset Obesity over Eight Years: The Bogalusa Heart Study DAVID S. FREEDMAN, PHD, CHARLES L. SHEAR, DRPH, GREGORY L. BURKE, MD, SATHANUR R. SRINIVASAN, PHD, LARRY S. WEBBER, PHD,
More informationNomogram of the Relation of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity with Blood Pressure
801 Original Article Nomogram of the Relation of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity with Blood Pressure Akira YAMASHINA, Hirofumi TOMIYAMA, Tomio ARAI, Yutaka KOJI, Minoru YAMBE, Hiroaki MOTOBE, Zydem
More informationAdolescent Hypertension Roles of obesity and hyperuricemia. Daniel Landau, MD Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center
Adolescent Hypertension Roles of obesity and hyperuricemia Daniel Landau, MD Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center Blood Pressure Tables BP standards based on sex, age, and height provide a precise
More informationOptimizing risk assessment of total cardiovascular risk What are the tools? Lars Rydén Professor Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
Optimizing risk assessment of total cardiovascular risk What are the tools? Lars Rydén Professor Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (CVD) Three Strategies for CVD
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Juonala M, Magnussen C, Berenson G, et al. Childhood adiposity,
More informationSerum levels of galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9 are associated with large artery atherosclerotic
Supplementary Information The title of the manuscript Serum levels of galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9 are associated with large artery atherosclerotic stroke Xin-Wei He 1, Wei-Ling Li 1, Cai Li
More informationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading
AHA Scientific Statement American Heart Association Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Beginning in Childhood Rae-Ellen W. Kavey, MD; Stephen R. Daniels, MD, PhD;
More informationReferences. 1. Personen E, Liuba P. Footprints of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease in children. Rev Port Cardiol 2004;23:
IS FAMILY HISTORY OF PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES APPROPRIATE FOR DETECTION OF DYSLIPIDEMIC CHILDREN IN POPULATION-BASED PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PROGRAMS? Roya Kelishadi, M.D., Associate Professor and
More informationInfluence of Parental Occupation on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Children. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
nternational Journal of Epidemiology nternational Epidemiological Association 1996 Vol. 25, No. 6 Printed in Great Britain nfluence of Parental Occupation on Coronary Heart Disease Risk actors in Children.
More informationDisclosures. Pediatric Dyslipidemia Casey Elkins, DNP, NP C, CLS, FNLA. Learning Objectives. Atherogenesis. Acceptable Values
39 th National Conference on Pediatric Health Care Pediatric Dyslipidemia Casey Elkins, DNP, NP C, CLS, FNLA March 19-22, 2018 CHICAGO Disclosures Speakers Bureau Sanofi and Regeneron Learning Objectives
More informationAssessing Overweight in School Going Children: A Simplified Formula
Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, 2015, 27-35 ISSN: 2241-2328 (print version), 2241-2336 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2015 Assessing Overweight in School Going Children: A Simplified Formula
More informationPercentile of Serum Lipid Profile in Children at Eastern Iran
http:// ijp.mums.ac.ir Original Article Percentile of Serum Lipid Profile in Children at Eastern Iran Fatemeh Taheri 1, *Tayebeh Chahkandi 2, Toba Kazemi 3, Bita Bijari 4 1 Associate Professor of Pediatric,
More informationFigure S1. Comparison of fasting plasma lipoprotein levels between males (n=108) and females (n=130). Box plots represent the quartiles distribution
Figure S1. Comparison of fasting plasma lipoprotein levels between males (n=108) and females (n=130). Box plots represent the quartiles distribution of A: total cholesterol (TC); B: low-density lipoprotein
More informationARTICLE. Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Australian Adolescents
ARTICLE Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Australian Adolescents Elizabeth Denney-Wilson, PhD, MPH, BN; Louise L. Hardy, PhD, MPH (Hons); Timothy Dobbins, PhD; Anthony
More informationLongitudinal studies in adult populations, such as the
Relation of Weight and Rate of Increase in Weight During Childhood and Adolescence to Body Size, Blood Pressure, Fasting Insulin, and Lipids in Young Adults The Minneapolis Children s Blood Pressure Study
More informationOBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDREN
OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHILDREN Mellova Amir Masrizal Pharmaceutical Science Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Jakarta
More informationTHE PREVALENCE OF OVERweight
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Prevalence and Trends in Overweight Among US Children and Adolescents, 1999-2000 Cynthia L. Ogden, PhD Katherine M. Flegal, PhD Margaret D. Carroll, MS Clifford L. Johnson, MSPH THE
More informationRacial (black-white) comparisons of the relationship. lipoproteins during male adolescence: the Bogalusa Heart Study
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY ATHEROSCLEROSIS Racial (black-white) comparisons of the relationship of levels of endogenous sex hormones to serum lipoproteins during male adolescence: the Bogalusa
More informationAdult BMI Calculator
For more information go to Center for Disease Control http://search.cdc.gov/search?query=bmi+adult&utf8=%e2%9c%93&affiliate=cdc-main\ About BMI for Adults Adult BMI Calculator On this page: What is BMI?
More informationClinical Investigation and Reports
Clinical Investigation and Reports Prospective, Randomized, Infancy-Onset Trial of the Effects of a Low-Saturated-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins Before School Age The Special
More informationSmall dense low-density lipoprotein is a risk for coronary artery disease in an urban Japanese cohort: The Suita study
Small dense low-density lipoprotein is a risk for coronary artery disease in an urban Japanese cohort: The Suita study Hidenori Arai 1, Yoshihiro Kokubo 2, Makoto Watanabe 2, Tatsuya Sawamura 3, Tomonori
More informationThe Effects of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Lipoprotein-Lipid Profiles of Haramaya University Community
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 4, April 214 1 The Effects of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Lipoprotein-Lipid Profiles of Haramaya University Community Mulugeta
More informationShort stature is an inflammatory disadvantage among middle-aged Japanese men
Environ Health Prev Med (2016) 21:361 367 DOI 10.1007/s12199-016-0538-y REGULAR ARTICLE Short stature is an inflammatory disadvantage among middle-aged Japanese men Yuji Shimizu 1,2 Hiroyuki Yoshimine
More informationAndrejs Kalvelis 1, MD, PhD, Inga Stukena 2, MD, Guntis Bahs 3 MD, PhD & Aivars Lejnieks 4, MD, PhD ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. Riga Stradins University
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ORIGINAL ARTICLE Do We Correctly Assess the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease? Characteristics of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Depending on the Sex and Age of Patients
More informationPage 1. Disclosures. Background. No disclosures
Population-Based Lipid Screening in the Era of a Childhood Obesity Epidemic: The Importance of Non-HDL Cholesterol Assessment Brian W. McCrindle, Cedric Manlhiot, Don Gibson, Nita Chahal, Helen Wong, Karen
More informationAnthropometrlc Measurements. Dietary Data Accumulation. Results Composition of Dietary Intakes. Statistical Analysis
194 ARTERIOSCLEROSIS VOL 8, No 2, MARCH/APRIL 1988 according to the laboratory manual of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. 21 The serum lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density
More informationJ. W. R. Twisk, H. C. G. Kemper, W. van Mechelen, and G. B. Post
American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 145, No. 10 Printed in U.S.A Tracking of Risk Factors for Coronary
More informationOriginal article Central Eur J Paed 2018;14(1):68-72 DOI /p
Original article Central Eur J Paed 2018;14(1):68-72 DOI 10.5457/p2005-114.201 Growth hormone treatment in children born small for gestational age: One center s experience Sandra Stanković 1, Saša Živić
More informationIs Universal Pediatric Lipid Screening Justified? YES. Damon Dixon, MD, FAAP Preventative Cardiology March 7 th, 2016
Is Universal Pediatric Lipid Screening Justified? YES Damon Dixon, MD, FAAP Preventative Cardiology March 7 th, 2016 None Disclosures What is a Pediatrician? Pediatrics is the specialty of medical science
More informationPredicting Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Different Body Fat Patterns in 3850 German Children: the PEP Family Heart Study
IJPM Predicting Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Different Body Fat Patter in 3850 German Children: the PEP Family Heart Study Gerda-Maria Haas 1, Evelyn Liepold 1, Peter Schwandt 1, 2 1 Arteriosklerose-Praeventio-Ititut
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults The CARDIA Study Susan G. Lakoski, MD, MS; David M. Herrington, MD, MHS; David M. Siscovick, MD, MPH; Stephen
More informationPrevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Uygur children of Xinjiang, China
Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Uygur children of Xinjiang, China J. Zhang 1, Y.T. Ma 1, X. Xie 1, Y.N. Yang 1, F. Liu 2, X.M. Li 1, Z.Y. Fu 1, X. Ma 1, B.D. Chen 2, Y.Y. Zheng 1,
More informationTotal risk management of Cardiovascular diseases Nobuhiro Yamada
Nobuhiro Yamada The worldwide burden of cardiovascular diseases (WHO) To prevent cardiovascular diseases Beyond LDL Multiple risk factors With common molecular basis The Current Burden of CVD CVD is responsible
More informationCoronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors CAD Risk factors Hypertension Insulin resistance /diabetes Dyslipidemia Smoking /Obesity Male gender/ Old age Atherosclerosis Arterial stiffness precedes
More informationEvaluation of Carotid Arterial Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and Its Relation to Clinical Parameters in Japanese Children
Evaluation of Carotid Arterial Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and Its Relation to Clinical Parameters in Japanese Children a a* b a a b ʼ ʼ ʼ ʼ Clinical profiles of enrolled subjects All (n 52) Boys (n 39)
More informationEffects of a dietary intervention to reduce saturated fat on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
Michael Garshick, MD PGY-1 Columbia University Medical Center Effects of a dietary intervention to reduce saturated fat on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Study Purpose and Rationale:
More informationManagement of dyslipidaemia in HIV infected children: rationale for treatment algorithm
Management of dyslipidaemia in HIV infected children: rationale for treatment algorithm Authors: Julie Lanigan, Lisa Cooke and Clare Stradling Date of Preparation: September 2010 Date reviewed: October
More informationMany epidemiological studies have shown that people
Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Growth and Adult Blood Pressure A Longitudinal Study From Birth to 22 Years of Age C.M. Law, MD, FRCP, FFPHM, FRCPCH; A.W. Shiell, BSc, MSc; C.A. Newsome, MA(Ed), PhD; H.E.
More informationJoint Impact of Smoking and Hypertension on Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80, a 19-Year Follow-Up
1169 Original Article Hypertens Res Vol.30 (2007) No.12 p.1169-1175 Joint Impact of Smoking and Hypertension on Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80, a 19-Year Follow-Up
More informationLearning Objectives. Cholesterol and Lipids in Kids: It s a Matter of the Heart. Is Atherosclerosis a Pediatric Disease?
Scott J. Soifer, MD Professor and Vice Chair Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco UCSF Benioff Children s Hospital Cholesterol and Lipids in Kids: It s a Matter of the Heart
More informationAtherogenic indices and prehypertension in obese and non-obese children
440713DVR10110.1177/1479164112440713Rodríguez-Morán et al.diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research 2012 Original Article Atherogenic indices and prehypertension in obese and non-obese children Diabetes
More informationand LHRH Analog Treatment in
Endocrine Journal 1996, 43 (Suppl), S13-S17 Combined GH Short Children and LHRH Analog Treatment in TosHIAKI TANAKA***, MARL SATOH**, AND ITSURo HIBI* *Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, National
More informationFamilial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents
Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents Rationale and recommendations for early identification and treatment European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Slide deck adapted from:
More informationWeb appendix: Supplementary material. Contents
Web appendix: Supplementary material Contents Appendix 1. Search terms... 2 Appendix 2.1. Parameters measured in studies included in the descriptive-analysis... 3 Appendix 2.2. Parameters measured in studies
More informationSomatostatin Analog and Estrogen Treatment in a Tall Girl
Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 1995; 4 (2): 163-167 Copyright (C) 1995 by The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology Somatostatin Analog and Estrogen Treatment in a Tall Girl Toshiaki Tanaka, Mari Satoh,
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Magnussen CG, Thomson R, Cleland VJ, Ukoumunne OC, Dwyer T, Venn A. Factors affecting the stability of blood lipid and lipoprotein levels from youth to adulthood: evidence
More information1389 (54 )1 - *** *** *** ** *** * * ** *** ( ) : /8/26 : 88/2/1 : (WC) (BMI) :.. (CVD) - : :
JQUMS, Vol.14, No.1, Spring 2010 18 Predicting risk factors of cardiovascular disease according to anthropometric measures in children and adolescents R Kelishadi* M Hashemipour** Z Faghihimani*** E Nazemi***
More informationMethods. 336 ARTERIOSCLEROSIS VOL 2, No 4, JULY/AUGUST 1982
3 ARTERIOSCLEROSIS VOL 2, No 4, JULY/AUGUST 82 lipoprotein abnormalities, Fredrickson and coworkers 4 and later the World Health Organization (WHO) 5 recognized six types of hyperlipoproteinemias that
More informationARTICLE. Predictors and Tracking of Body Mass Index From Adolescence Into Adulthood
ARTICLE Predictors and Tracking of Body Mass Index From Adolescence Into Adulthood Follow-up of 18 to 20 Years in the Oslo Youth Study Elisabeth Kvaavik, MSc; Grethe S. Tell, MPH, PhD; Knut-Inge Klepp,
More informationDiet-Related Factors, Educational Levels and Blood Pressure in a Chinese Population Sample: Findings from the Japan-China Cooperative Research Project
559 Original Article Diet-Related Factors, Educational Levels and Blood Pressure in a Chinese Population Sample: Findings from the Japan-China Cooperative Research Project Yukio YAMORI 1, Longjian LIU
More informationRelationship of Waist Circumference and Lipid Profile in Children
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2015; 3(3): 44-48 Published online May 28, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijbse) doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20150303.12 ISSN: 2376-7227
More informationPrevalence and trends of obesity in Indian school children of different socioeconomic class.
Prevalence and trends of obesity in Indian school children of different socioeconomic class. Dr. Nazeem I. Siddiqui Dr. Mrs. S. Bose SAIMS, Medical College & P.G. Institute, Indore-Ujjain state highway,
More informationD-M Wu 1, L Pai 1, N-F Chu 1,2, P-K Sung 3, M-S Lee 1, JT Tsai 3, L-L Hsu 3, M-C Lee 3 and C-A Sun 1 *
(2001) 25, 1189 1195 ß 2001 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307 0565/01 $15.00 www.nature.com/ijo PAPER Prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors among healthy adults in a Chinese
More informationResearch Article Gender Differences Time Trends for Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Tehranian Children and Adolescents
Cholesterol Volume 2012, Article ID 804643, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/804643 Research Article Gender Differences Time Trends for Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Tehranian Children and Adolescents
More informationDiagnostic Test of Fat Location Indices and BMI for Detecting Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Children
Diagnostic Test of Fat Location Indices and BMI for Detecting Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Children Adegboye ARA; Andersen LB; Froberg K; Heitmann BL Postdoctoral researcher, Copenhagen, Denmark Research
More informationMETABOLIC SYNDROME IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat., Iaşi 2012 vol. 116, no. 4 INTERNAL MEDICINE - PEDIATRICS ORIGINAL PAPERS METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OBESE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Ana-Maria Pelin 1, Silvia Mǎtǎsaru 2 University
More informationJohn A Morrison 1, Charles J Glueck 2,3*, Jessica G Woo 1 and Ping Wang 2
Morrison et al. International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology 2012, 2012:6 RESEARCH Open Access Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes retained from childhood to adulthood predict
More informationFamilial hypercholesterolemia in childhood: diagnostics, therapeutical options and risk stratification Rodenburg, J.
UvADARE (Digital Academic Repository) Familial hypercholesterolemia in childhood: diagnostics, therapeutical options and risk stratification Rodenburg, J. Link to publication Citation for published version
More informationChildhood obesity and blood pressure: back to the future?
Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers Department of Pediatrics 11-1-2011 Childhood obesity and blood pressure: back to the future? Bonita Falkner
More informationCardiometabolics in Children or Lipidology for Kids. Stanley J Goldberg MD Diplomate: American Board of Clinical Lipidology Tucson, Az
Cardiometabolics in Children or Lipidology for Kids Stanley J Goldberg MD Diplomate: American Board of Clinical Lipidology Tucson, Az No disclosures for this Presentation Death Risk Approximately 40% of
More informationMultivariate Genetic Analysis of Blood Pressure
1780 Multivariate Genetic Analysis of Blood Pressure and Body Size The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study Richard M. Schieken, MD; Michael Mosteller, PhD; Monica M. Goble, MD; William B. Moskowitz,
More informationThe association of blood pressure with body mass index and waist circumference in normal weight and overweight adolescents
Original article Korean J Pediatr 2014;57(2):79-84 pissn 1738-1061 eissn 2092-7258 Korean J Pediatr The association of blood pressure with body mass index and waist circumference in normal weight and overweight
More informationRisk Factors for Heart Disease
Risk Factors for Heart Disease Risk Factors we cannot change (Age, Gender, Family History) Risk Factors we can change (modifiable) Smoking Blood pressure Cholesterol Diabetes Inactivity Overweight Stress
More informationDoes Body Mass Index Adequately Capture the Relation of Body Composition and Body Size to Health Outcomes?
American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright 1998 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 147, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A A BRIEF ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Does
More informationIndividual Study Table Referring to Item of the Submission: Volume: Page:
2.0 Synopsis Name of Company: Abbott Laboratories Name of Study Drug: Meridia Name of Active Ingredient: Sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate Individual Study Table Referring to Item of the Submission:
More informationPREVALENCE OF METABOLİC SYNDROME İN CHİLDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
PREVALENCE OF METABOLİC SYNDROME İN CHİLDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Mehmet Emre Atabek,MD,PhD Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and
More informationChanges in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects The Bogalusa Heart Study QUOC
More informationUNDERNUTRITION AND ADIPOSITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A NUTRITION PARADOX IN BANGLADESH
Original Article UNDERNUTRITION AND ADIPOSITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A NUTRITION PARADOX IN BANGLADESH M. Abu Sayeed 1, Mir Masudur Rhaman 1, Akhter Banu 2 and Hajera Mahtab 3 1 Department of Community
More informationKnow Your Number Aggregate Report Single Analysis Compared to National Averages
Know Your Number Aggregate Report Single Analysis Compared to National s Client: Study Population: 2242 Population: 3,000 Date Range: 04/20/07-08/08/07 Version of Report: V6.2 Page 2 Study Population Demographics
More informationBiomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(3): LI Jian Hong, WANG Li Min, LI Yi Chong, ZHANG Mei, and WANG Lin Hong #
Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(3): 205-211 205 Letter to the Editor Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women in China: Surveillance Efforts LI Jian Hong, WANG Li
More informationAdiposity, cardiac size and precursors of coronary atherosclerosis in 5 to 15-year-old children: a retrospective study of 210 violent deaths
International Journal of Obesity (1997) 21, 691±697 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/97 $12.00 Adiposity, cardiac size and precursors of coronary atherosclerosis in 5 to 15-year-old
More informationPFIZER INC. THERAPEUTIC AREA AND FDA APPROVED INDICATIONS: See USPI.
PFIZER INC. These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert. For publications based on this study, see associated bibliography.
More informationFasting Might Not Be Necessary Before Lipid Screening: A Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study
ARTICLES Fasting Might Not Be Necessary Before Lipid Screening: A Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study AUTHORS: Michael J. Steiner, MD, Asheley Cockrell Skinner, PhD, and Eliana M. Perrin, MD,
More informationHDL-C. J Jpn Coll Angiol, 2008, 48: NIPPON DATA80, MEGA study, JELIS, dyslipidemia, risk assessment chart
Online publication March 25, 2009 48 6 2007 2007 HDL-C LDL-C HDL-C J Jpn Coll Angiol, 2008, 48: 463 470 NIPPON DATA80, MEGA study, JELIS, dyslipidemia, risk assessment chart 1987 NIPPON DATA80 Iso 10 MRFIT
More informationReceived: March 2008; in final form May 2008.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRACHIAL ARTERY FLOW- MEDIATED DILATION AND CAROTID ARTERY INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS IN THE MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS WITH LOW CARDIOVASCULAR RISK GERMAINE SĂVOIU*, LAVINIA NOVEANU**, O. FIRA-MLADINESCU*,
More informationEpidemiologic Measure of Association
Measures of Disease Occurrence: Epidemiologic Measure of Association Basic Concepts Confidence Interval for population characteristic: Disease Exposure Present Absent Total Yes A B N 1 = A+B No C D N 2
More informationEating habits, activity, lipids and body mass index in Japanese children: The Shiratori Children Study
International Journal of Obesity (1998) 22, 470±476 ß 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/98 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/ijo Eating habits, activity, lipids and body mass index
More informationHypertension with Comorbidities Treatment of Metabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents
Hypertension with Comorbidities Treatment of Metabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents Stella Stabouli Ass. Professor Pediatrics 1 st Department of Pediatrics Hippocratio Hospital Evaluation of
More informationReducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treating to target and meeting new European goals
European Heart Journal Supplements (2004) 6 (Supplement A), A12 A18 Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treating to target and meeting new European goals University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
More informationDifferent worlds, different tasks for health promotion: comparisons of health risk profiles in Chinese and Finnish rural people
HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL Vol. 16, No. 4 Oxford University Press 2001. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain Different worlds, different tasks for health promotion: comparisons of health risk
More informationRelationship Between Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile on Obese Children
American Journal of Health Research 2015; 3(4): 198-202 Published online May 28, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajhr) doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150304.11 ISSN: 2330-8788 (Print); ISSN: 2330-8796
More informationEpidemiologic and clinical comparison of renal artery stenosis in black patients and white patients
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Epidemiologic and clinical comparison of renal artery stenosis in black patients and white patients Andrew C. Novick, MD, Safwat Zald, MD, David Goldfarb, MD, and Ernest E. Hodge, MD,
More information