ISOLATION OF BACTERIAL ORGANISMS FROM BILE AND INTESTINAL CONTENT OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY SLAUGHTERED CHICKENS IN JOS AND ENVIRONS
|
|
- Ferdinand Hutchinson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ISOLATION OF BACTERIAL ORGANISMS FROM BILE AND INTESTINAL CONTENT OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY SLAUGHTERED CHICKENS IN JOS AND ENVIRONS BOT C.J 1* ; WOMA T. Y 2 ; ABIAYI E 3 ; MANGUT P. E 1 ; and ISHAYA D 4 1 Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, N.V.R.I Vom. 2 Viral Research Department, N.V.R.I Vom. 3 Central Diagnostic Laboratory, N.V.R.I Vom. 4 Taraba State College of Agriculture, Jalingo. * Correspondence: Summary The aim of this study was to isolate and identify microbial organisms associated with bile and intestinal content of slaughtered chickens in Jos and environs. The gall bladder and swab of intestinal contents of fifty chickens presented for slaughter were collected for culture, isolation and identification. Six (6) similar bacteria isolates based on Gram s reaction and biochemical tests were identified from both organs: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enteroccoci faecalis and Bacillus subtilis. In bile, forty-four (44) organisms were isolated on Blood Agar (BA) out of which Bacillus (27; 61.36%) and Staphylococcus aureus (9; 20.45%) occurred most. Other organisms found in the bile on BA include Enteroccoci faecalis (7; %) and one (2.27%) yeast cell. On MacConkey Agars (MCA), 19 Isolates consisting of Klebsiella pneumonia (12; 63.16%) and Escherichia coli (7; 36.84%) were identified from the bile. A total of seventy-nine (79) organisms were identified from the intestine, forty-seven (47) on BA consisting of Staphylococcus aureus (24; 51.06%), Bacillus subtilis (21; 44.68%) and Yeast (2; 4.26%). While Escherichia coli (23; 71.87%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (9; 28.12%) were identified on MCA. It is important to control the incidence of these bacterial infections in poultry to save the farmer from economic losses and the consumer from public health risk. Keywords: Bacteria, Isolation, Chickens, Jos, Public health. INTRODUCTION Bacteria are prokaryotic microscopic organisms, varying in size from micrometer (4). They are parasitic, saprophytic, and free living-organisms which can be ovoid or spherical, rod-like or cylindrical bacillus (bacilli), curved, spiral-shaped and coil shaped spirochaete organisms. They are classified according to their morphological features, staining reactions, sizes and antigenic structures (5). Bacteria can be primary pathogens, opportunist or co-pathogens (6). A large group of microorganisms of the family Enterobacteriacea colonize the intestinal tract of animals including chickens. Enterococcus is found in the intestinal tract of chickens and can be considered as normal microflora of the intestinal tract (2). Poultry keeping provides a means by which rapid transformation towards provision of consumable protein can be achieved. Poultry diseases caused by these organisms and parasites are a major concern to the industry and result to economic loses to the farmer and the nation (7). 61
2 The most frequently reported causes of food borne illness are due to major enteric and systemic organisms (8, 9). In poultry production, bacterial organisms have cause diseases which lead to retarded growth, reduced egg production, high economic losses and consequently serious impact on human health. Bacteria diseases of poultry minimises the supply of protein for the increasing human population. The poultry industry is of great significance in the socio-economic development of Nigeria, it provides the most readily available protein in the form of eggs and meat, however the sudden onset of diseases that result in high mortality of chickens caused by disease agents have become the undermining factor. Therefore, prophylactic measures against such agents will help most farmers to control infections before it lead to the outbreak of disease in their flock. The aim of this work was to isolate and identify bacterial organisms found in bile and intestinal tract of apparently healthy slaughtered chickens in Jos and environs and to proffer relevant recommendations and create awareness based on the findings to the farmer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample collection and processing Samples were collected from a total of fifty (50) slaughtered chickens at random in 3 poultry slaughter slab; behind railway station Jos (15 samples), Yankaji market Jos (15 samples) and Kugiya market Bukuru (20 samples). Bile and intestinal samples were collected from each of the fifty birds, and tied in sterile polythene bags, given a total of 100 specimens. The samples were labelled, preserved on ice pack in a cooler, and then transported to the Laboratory for analysis. The bile and intestinal contents were streaked on blood and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 o C for 24 hours and then examined for evidence of bacteria growth. Bacteria identification Colonies were first identified macroscopically for their sizes, consistency, elevation, nature of edge, lactose fermentation on MacConkey agar and haemolysis on Blood agar. These colonies were recorded as mixed, pure or scanty growth. Mixed colonies were then sub-cultured for purification on fresh agar plates. Colonies were Grams stained and the resulting organism subjected to biochemical tests for their identification as described by (3). Gram staining Gram staining was done as described by (5). Briefly, Crystal violet was added to the smear fixed on a microscope slide. All the bacteria that were able to absorb this dye were stained, and a diluted solution of iodine was added to decrease the solubility of the purple dye within the cell by combining with the dye to form dye - iodine complex. Then an organic solvent, acetone was added. This solvent readily removes the purple dye-iodine complex from some, but not all genera of bacteria. A red dye such as carbol fuschin was then applied which stains all bacteria. Bacteria that were decolorized by the acetone appeared red and are called gram negative bacteria. Those that retain the purple dye mask of crystal violet are called gram positive bacteria. Catalase and Oxidase tests Isolates were emulsified in a drop of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution on a clean glass slide. The production of abundant gas bubbles indicated the culture to be catalase positive. Absence of bubbles indicated that the culture 62
3 was catalase negative (5). Samples were also subjected to the oxidase test as described by (4). The colonies were picked from the agar using a sterile wire loop into a clean filter paper, two or three drops of the standard oxidase test solution was placed on the filter paper so as to cover the surface of the organisms. Oxidase positive organisms rapidly developed a purple colour. Triple sugar ion (TSI) and Dulcitol tests Some colonies of suspected organisms were stabbed on TSI slant as described by (4). The tubes were observed for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production and gas production evidenced by air space below the bottle or air bubbles along the stab line. Suspected colonies were also inoculated into dulcitol and incubated at 37 C for 24 hours. TABLE 1: SIM (hydrogen sulphide, indole and motility) test The SIM (hydrogen sulphide, indole and motility) medium was used to test for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production, indole and motility according to (5). Each SIM tube was inoculated by stabbing to a depth of about 5mm with straight wire followed by incubation over night at 37 0 c. For the indole test, a few drops of Kovac s reagent was added into the SIM tube which was then shaken, a red colour in the reagent layer indicated indole production. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total number of fifty (50) samples each of bile and intestine were cultured and the result for both samples on MacConkey agar and Blood agar are shown in Table 1. Six (6) different species of bacteria were isolated. Two (2) were enteric while four (4) were non- enteric. TOTAL FREQUENCIES OF BACTERIAL ORGANISMS FROM BILE AND INTESTINE ORGANISMS BILE INTESTINE TOTAL PERCENTAGE BA MCA BA MCA (%) Staphylococcus aureus 9 _ 24 _ Klebsiella pneumoniae _ 12 _ Escherichia coli _ 7 _ Bacillus Subtilis Enteroccocus faecalis 7 _ Yeast cell 1 _ 2 _ No growth Total No. of organisms Key: BA-Blood Agar, MCA-MacConkey Agar 63
4 Out of the 200 plates, colonies on Blood agar and Macconkey agar were Gram stained and subjected to biochemical tests. The results of gram staining are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Organisms Frequencies and Percentages Base on Grams Reaction. Gram staining Frequency % Positive cocci Positive rods Negative rods Yeast cell No growth TOTAL Table 3 below shows the occurrence of Haemolysis on Blood Agar (BA) and Lactose Fermentation on MacConkey Agar (MCA) from the different bacteria isolates. TABLE 3: Biochemical Frequencies Base on Haemolysis and Lactose Fermentation Organisms Biochemical test Total B-Haemolysis Lactose Fermentation Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Enteroccocus faecalis 7 7 Total It is important to control the incidence of bacterial infection in poultry farms to safeguard economic losses due to mortality of birds and the consequent public health risk associated with the outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. In poultry, enteric bacteria are associated with severe mortality and predominant amongst these agents are the Escherichia genera (2). However, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp and Enterococcus spp are known to show yellowish diarrhoea and rapid loss of weight as clinical manifestation (1, 8). In this study, six (6) species of organisms were isolated from both Bile and intestinal contents. These organisms were further subjected to biochemical tests. Amongst the organisms isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. This is in agreement with previous studies (2, 6, 8). However, some yeasts were also observed. A total of 41 bacteria colonies were B- haemolytic on Blood agar (Staphylococcus aureus 34 and Entercoccus 7) while 51 isolates were Lactose Fermenters on MCA (Escherichia coli 30, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 21). 64
5 This work confirms other research done particularly where Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enteroccoci faecalis and Bacillus subtilis have been isolated. These organisms constitute a problem and responsible for the losses in the poultry industry. Clinical manifestations are usually diarrhoea, emaciation and mucoid faecal discharges (8). Infections of the bile and intestine caused by Bacteria lead to mortality and retarded growth in poultry farms. Thus to avert such losses, birds should be purchased from reliable hatcheries or farms because certain bacteria organisms can penetrate eggs through the shell and can spread to other chickens during hatching. It is important to control the incidence of these bacteria infections in poultry to save the farmer from losses and the human community from outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. The isolated bacteria organisms can be controlled by acidifying the water for poultry consumption; by regularly cleaning of the poultry environment; changing of litters; by providing clean drinking water ad libitum; and by adhering to strict bio-security measures. Addition of antimicrobial feed additives in the feed of poultry is being discouraged to curb the emergence of drug resistance. These preventive measures will help reduce the enteric bacteria load which disrupts poultry production and trade and pose public health concerns for poultry products consumers. 3. Cowan, S.T and Steel, K.G (1974). Manual for identification of medical bacteria. 2 nd Edition Cambrigde University press. 4. Cruikshank, R; Dugaid, J.P; Mannoin, B.P and Swain, R.H.A (1975). Essentials of Veterinary Microbiology. 5 th Edition Academic press London. Pp Delong, E and Pace, N (2001). Environmental diversity of bacteria and archaea syst biol 50 (4) doi Evans, A.S (1978). Causation and disease. Henle-Koch s postulates revisited. Yale Journal biol med 49; Oluyemi,J.A;Roberts,F.A (2007).Poultry Production in Warm Wet Climates.Published by spectrum Books Limited,Ibadan Nig.Pp 2and Rajesh, C; Tao, V.D.P; Gomez, V.J.C; Shukia, S.K. and Banerjee, P.S (2001). Diseases of poultry and their control. 1 st edition. Pp Roger,Y.S; John,L.I; Malden,C;Shem,N.C (2007). General microbiology 5 th edition,published by Macmillian press Ltd Pp45-4 References 1. Begley,M.C, Grahams, G.M and Hill, C (2005).The interaction between Bacteria and Bile. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29; Collins, C.J and Patricia, T.V (1970).The family Enterobacteriacea. Microbiology Method. Pp
Gram-negative rods. Enterobacteriaceae. Biochemical Reactions. Manal AL khulaifi
Gram-negative rods Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Reactions Bacteria Gram positive Gram negative Cocci Bacilli Cocci Rods Characters of Enterobacteriaceae All Enterobacteriaciae Gram-negative rods Reduce
More informationBACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMERCIAL POULTRY FEEDS IN ENUGU NIGERIA
Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2013 Onyeze Rosemary C et al., 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 2, No. 3, July 2013 2013 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ASSOCIATED
More informationPRESENTER: DENNIS NYACHAE MOSE KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
18/8/2016 SOURCES OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN BIOSAFETY LABORATORIES IN KENYA PRESENTER: DENNIS NYACHAE MOSE KENYATTA UNIVERSITY 1 INTRODUCTION Contamination occurs through avoidable procedural errors
More informationScreening and isolation of microbial contaminants from carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks of Delhi
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology IC Value: 76.89 (Index Copernicus) Impact Factor: 4.219 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v4i5.04 Screening and isolation of microbial
More information320 MBIO Microbial Diagnosis. Aljawharah F. Alabbad Noorah A. Alkubaisi 2017
320 MBIO Microbial Diagnosis Aljawharah F. Alabbad Noorah A. Alkubaisi 2017 Pathogens of the Urinary tract The urinary system is composed of organs that regulate the chemical composition and volume of
More informationStaining Technology and Bright- Field Microscope Use
Staining Technology and Bright- Field Microscope Use 2 Abstract We will introduce bright-field microscope use, practice Gram staining with foodborne pathogens, and practice endospore staining with Bacillus
More informationChanges in the Microflora of Bovine Colostrum During Natural Fermentation
27 f. Milk Food Techno/. Vol. 39. No. I, Pages 27-31!January, 1976) Copyright 1976, International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians Changes in the Microflora of Bovine Colostrum
More informationSections 11 & 12: Isolation and Identification of Enterobacteriaceae
Sections 11 & 12: Isolation and Identification of Enterobacteriaceae The family Enterobacteriaceae includes many genera and species. The last edition of Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Vol.
More informationII- Streptococci. Practical 3. Objective: Required materials: Classification of Streptococci: Streptococci can be classified according to:
Practical 3 II- Streptococci Objective: 1. Use of blood agar to differentiate between,, and hemolytic streptococci. 2. To know Gram reaction, shape and arrangement of streptococci. 3. To differentiate
More informationManal AL khulaifi. Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics E.coli Most significant species in the genus Important potential pathogen in humans Common isolate from colon flora Dry, pink (lactose positive) pink colony with area
More informationINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES
EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA Microbiota in the animal or human intestine has evolved together with the host. Consequently, the gastrointestinal tract could be considered a metacommunity,
More informationIn-vitro analysis of the microbial-load in raw meat and finished products
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 12 (2014) pp. 643-648 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article In-vitro analysis of the microbial-load in raw meat and finished products M. P.Prasad* Department of
More informationA new selective blood agar medium for Streptococcus pyogenes and other haemolytic streptococci
J. clin. Path. (1964), 17, 231 A new selective blood agar medium for Streptococcus pyogenes and other haemolytic streptococci E. J. L. LOWBURY, A. KIDSON, AND H. A. LILLY From the Medical Research Council
More informationEvaluation of the feasibility of the VACUETTE Urine CCM tube for microbial testing of urine samples
Evaluation of the feasibility of the VACUETTE Urine CCM tube for microbial testing of urine samples Background The VACUETTE Urine CCM tube is for the collection, transport and storage of urine samples
More informationMicrobiological Methods V-A- 1 SALMONELLA SPECIES PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMATION TESTS
Microbiological Methods V-A- 1 PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMATION TESTS PRINCIPLE SCOPE Enrichment and selective procedures are used to provide a reasonably sensitive, definitive and versatile means of qualitatively
More informationUSE: Isolation and differentiation of Gram (-) enteric bacilli (MAC) / Coliform Testing / Recovery of Stressed Coliforms (EMB)
MAC/EMB Code 5544 MacConkey Agar (MAC) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) USE: Isolation and differentiation of Gram (-) enteric bacilli (MAC) / Coliform Testing / Recovery of Stressed Coliforms (EMB) Side
More informationMedical Microbiology
Lecture 5!!!!!!ƒš!!Œ!!! š!!œ!! Œ!!!! Dr. Ismail I. Daood Medical Microbiology!! Systematic Bacteriology Gram-Positive Cocci : GENUS : Staphylococcus : The general properties of Staphylococcus are Gram-
More informationAn Automated Membrane Filtration System for Direct Gram Staining
1507 An Automated Membrane Filtration System for Direct Gram Staining G. Tsabary 1, D. Gohman 1, D. Shimonov 1, Y. Gluckman-Yavo 1, A. Shinderman 1, G. Ingber 1 and M. Pezzlo 2 1 POCARED Diagnostics, Ltd.,
More informationERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE1. ordinary culture media. This is especially true when pathogens are to be isolated SELECTIVE MEDIUM FOR STREPTOCOCCI AND
THE USE OF SODIUM AZIDE (NaNs) AND CRYSTAL VIOLET IN A SELECTIVE MEDIUM FOR STREPTOCOCCI AND ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE1 Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State
More informationSurvival of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1968, p. 445-449 Copyright 1968 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Survival of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Chicken Meat During Freeze-Dehydration,
More informationCHAPTER IV ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA FROM SEPSIS SAMPLES
62 CHAPTER IV ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA FROM SEPSIS SAMPLES 4.1 INTRODUCTION Infectious diseases remain major cause of mortality in both child and maternal populations. The mortality rate
More informationStudy of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi isolated from blood samples in Dhaka city
2017; 6(1): 93-97 ISSN: 2277-7695 TPI 2017; 6(1): 93-97 2017 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 17-11-2016 Accepted: 18-12-2016 Shah Md. Wasif Faisal Department of Microbiology, Prime-Asia University
More informationPathogenic bacteria. Lab 6: Taxonomy: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales
Level 5 Pathogenic bacteria Lab 6: Family: Enterobacteriaceae Taxonomy: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales Family: Enterobacteriaceae The prefix
More informationLabquality External Quality Assesment Programmes General Bacteriology 1 1/2010
Labquality External Quality Assesment Programmes General Bacteriology 1 1/2010 Photos and text: Markku Koskela, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical microbiology specialist Oulu, Finland Sample 1/2010 Pus from an infected
More informationLab #9. Introduction. Class samples:
Lab #9 Introduction Food-borne illness is largely caused by the presence of bacteria in red meat. However, much of these harmful bacteria can be destroyed and prevented by sanitation and safe cooking practices.
More informationPREMIUM QUALITY FEED-ENHANCER SPECIES GENEX POULTRY POULTRY. Cleaner feed, improved productivity
PREMIUM QUALITY FEED-ENHANCER GENEX SPECIES POULTRY POULTRY Cleaner feed, improved productivity Background With the advent of greener, more environmentally friendly farming practices there has been a distinct
More informationMt. San Antonio College Microbiology 22 Lab Schedule for Spring 2018 Mon/Weds. Split Lab Sections ONLY
Mt. San Antonio College Microbiology 22 Lab Schedule for Spring 2018 Mon/ Split Lab Sections ONLY Wk 1 Feb. 26 Orientation with Introductions & Safety Rules/Regulations Feb. 28 Orientation with Pathogen
More informationMt. San Antonio College Microbiology 22 Lab Schedule for Spring 2018 Tues/Thurs. Split Lab Sections ONLY
Mt. San Antonio College Microbiology 22 Lab Schedule for Spring 2018 Tues/ Split Lab Sections ONLY Wk 1 Feb. 27 Orientation with Introductions & Safety Rules/Regulations March 1 Orientation with Pathogen
More informationBACTERIAL EXAMINATION OF WATER
BACTERIAL EXAMINATION OF WATER The bacteriological examination of water is performed routinely by water utilities and many governmental agencies to ensure a safe supply of water for drinking, bathing,
More informationMt. San Antonio College Microbiology 22 Lab Schedule for Fall 2017 Tues/Thurs. Split Lab Sections ONLY
Mt. San Antonio College Microbiology 22 Lab Schedule for Fall 2017 Tues/ Split Lab Sections ONLY Wk 1 Aug. 29 Orientation with Introductions & Safety Rules/Regulations Aug. 31 Orientation with Pathogen
More informationWeds. Date. Aug. 26. Sept. 2
Mt.SanAntonioCollege Microbiology 22 Lab Schedule for Fall 2015 Mon./ Split Lab Sections ONLY Wk. Mon. 1 Aug. 24 Orientation with Introductions & Safety Rules/Regulations 2 Aug. 31 Exercise #1: The Microscope
More informationID of Most Common Bacterial Pathogens. CLS 417- Clinical Practice in Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani
ID of Most Common Bacterial Pathogens CLS 417- Clinical Practice in Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani BACTERIA Gram Positive Gram Negative Cocci Bacilli Bacilli Cocci Coccobacilli - Staph - Strept - Clostridium
More informationNON-LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM. While B. coli is generally accepted as a satisfactory index of
NON-LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM POLLUTED WELLS AND SUB-SOIL' I. J. KLIGLER From the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York Received for publication February 1, 1918
More informationAdam Aragon Lisa Onischuk Paul Torres NM DOH, Scientific Laboratory Division
Adam Aragon Lisa Onischuk Paul Torres NM DOH, Scientific Laboratory Division New Mexico Scientific Laboratories 1101 Camino de Salud, NE Albuquerque, NM 87102 Scientific Laboratory Division SLD Office
More informationStaphylococci. Gram stain: gram positive cocci arranged in clusters.
Microbiology lab Respiratory system Third medical year Lab contents: Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp), two types of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus and Penicillium spp), and
More informationBacterial Structure and Function
Bacterial Structure and Function Charles Okolie, PhD. Room 311 (on level 4), First College Building, Landmark University okolie.charles@lmu.edu.ng Tel: Ext: Mobile: 08060241166 Structure of Bacteria The
More informationPoultry The unique probiotic
Poultry The unique probiotic Probiotics Probiotics have been defined as live microbial feed supplements which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Achieving
More informationNOTE: Poor growth and a weak esculin reaction may be seen after 40 hours of incubation for some enterococci.
LIS/EMB Code 5542 COMING SOON! BioPaddles Colony Identification App Listeria Agar (LIS) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) USE: Enumeration and selective isolation of Listeria spp.(lis) Isolation and differentiation
More informationAPPLICATION Detection and isolation of pathogenic intestinal bacteria including Shigella and Salmonella from surfaces, food, or liquid samples.
HEK/SS Code 5543 COMING SOON! BioPaddles Colony Identification App Hektoen Enteric Agar (HEK) Salmonella Shigella Agar (SS) USE: Detection and isolation of pathogenic intestinal bacteria including Shigella
More informationThe Effects of Reiki on Bacteria Survivorship. Jordan Ciccone Central Catholic High School
The Effects of Reiki on Bacteria Survivorship Jordan Ciccone Central Catholic High School Reiki Japanese spiritual healing practice meaning universal life energy. Training is done by a Reiki Master. Either
More informationSalmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter
1 Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Salmonella and enteritis Salmonellae are often pathogenic for humans or animals when acquired by the oral route. They are transmitted from
More informationWorld Health Day April. Food safety
World Health Day 2015 7 April Food safety 1 FAO/WHO World Declaration on Nutrition (1992) access to nutritionally adequate and safe food is a right of each individual. 2 Food safety is a hidden, and often
More informationHydrogen Peroxide Influence on Microbial Survivorship. Jacob Cebulak Central Catholic Pittsburgh Grade 9
Hydrogen Peroxide Influence on Microbial Survivorship Jacob Cebulak Central Catholic Pittsburgh Grade 9 Problem Humans use excess hydrogen peroxide to clean wounds. The concentration used is often damaging
More informationSt. Joseph's Journal of Humanities and Science ISSN:
M. Parimala Celia et al. / St. Joseph s Journal of Humanities and Science (Volume 4 Issue 1 January 2017) 23-28 33 St. Joseph s Journal of Humanities and Science (Volume 4 Issue 2 August 2015) 33-38 St.
More informationEvaluation of Chromocult coliform agar for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae from faecal samples from healthy subjects
Journal of Microbiological Methods 54 (2003) 353 358 www.elsevier.com/locate/jmicmeth Evaluation of Chromocult coliform agar for the detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae from faecal samples
More informationInternational Journal of Medical Science and Education pissn eissn
CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION (CAUTI) INDUCED NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION WITH REFERENCE TO INCIDENCE, DURATION AND ORGANISM IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL Dr.Trilok Patil* Associate Professor,
More information1430 West McCoy Lane Santa Maria, CA p:
091217TR HardyCHROM BluEcoli 1 HardyCHROM Candida 2 HardyCHROM ECC 3 HardyCHROM ESBL 4 HardyCHROM Listeria 5 HardyCHROM MRSA 6 HardyCHROM O157 7 HardyCHROM Salmonella 8 HardyCHROM SS NoPRO 9 HardyCHROM
More informationSalmonella Count Changes in Fermentation of Poultry Farm Waste
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.266
More informationHow to interpret your urine sample results
How to interpret your urine sample results Chronic UTI Info Factsheet Series Once you have submitted your urine sample for analysis, it will be sent off to the local laboratory or hospital laboratory if
More informationHow to interpret your urine sample results
How to interpret your urine sample results Chronic UTI Info Factsheet Series Once you have submitted your urine sample for analysis, it will be sent off to the local laboratory or hospital laboratory if
More informationOn Farm Hygiene & Bio-security. Dr. Stephen Graham
On Farm Hygiene & Bio-security Dr. Stephen Graham Introduction What is Bio-security? A pro-active approach to reduce the risk of disease entering a farm, site or being spread further afield Disease challenges
More informationANTIBACTERIAL TOOTHPASTE: DO NOT SWALLOW
ANTIBACTERIAL TOOTHPASTE: DO NOT SWALLOW Sarah McCuaig BACKGROUND, PURPOSE, HYPOTHESES Market statistics indicate a significant increase in the use of antibacterial products in North American households.
More informationMicrobiology products. Liofilchem Chromatic
ET Microbiology products M IC R O PL A N www.liofilchem.net Liofilchem Chromatic c h ro m o g e n i c c u l t u re m e d i a LIOFILCHEM s.r.l. Via Scozia, Zona Industriale 64026 Roseto degli Abruzzi (Te)
More informationThe Effects of Shampoo on Microbial Flora. Andrew Walker Grade 9 Central Catholic High School
The Effects of Shampoo on Microbial Flora Andrew Walker Grade 9 Central Catholic High School Shampoo Hair care product used to clean hair of unwanted build up Combined soap, water, and herbs to make hair
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(3):
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 3 (2014) pp. 668-674 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antibiotic resistant pattern of urinary tract infection causing Escherichia coli isolated from diabetic
More informationNOVASTREAK. Microbial Contamination Monitoring Device TYPICAL CULTURAL MORPHOLOGY Baird Parker Agar. S. aureus growth on Baird Parker Agar
NOVASTREAK Microbial Contamination Monitoring Device TYPICAL CULTURAL MORPHOLOGY Baird Parker Agar S. aureus growth on Baird Parker Agar Baird Parker Agar is used for the selective isolation and enumeration
More informationPathogenicity of Infectious Diseases
Pathogenicity of Infectious Diseases Pathogenicity of Infectious Diseases HOST DISEASE TRIAD PATHOGEN ENVIRONMENT OTHER MICROBES Microbial Interactions KOCH'S POSTULATES Four criteria that were established
More informationURINARY AND FAECAL ESCHERICHIA COLI O-SERO- GROUPS IN SYMPTOMATIC URINARY-TRACT INFECTION AND ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA
URINARY AND FAECAL ESCHERICHIA COLI O-SERO- GROUPS IN SYMPTOMATIC URINARY-TRACT INFECTION AND ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA A. P. ROBERTS, J. D. LINTON, A. M. WATERMAN, P. E. GOWER, K. G. KOUTSAIMANIS Department
More informationTSI AGAR INTENDED USE
TSI AGAR INTENDED USE TSI (Triple Sugar Iron) Agar is used for the identification of enterobacteria by the rapid detection of the fermentation of lactose, glucose (with or without gas production) and of
More informationLabquality External Quality Assessment Programmes General Bacteriology 1 2/2013
Labquality External Quality Assessment Programmes General Bacteriology 1 2/2013 Photos and text: Markku Koskela, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical microbiology specialist Oulu, Finland Sample 11/2013 Pus sample from
More informationAction points for laboratory investigation of suspected foodborne/add outbreak and routine laboratory based surveillance
Action points for laboratory investigation of suspected foodborne/add outbreak and routine laboratory based surveillance 1. Each district laboratory to: Prepare specimen collection information sheet for
More informationInvestigation of the source of haemolytic Escherichia coli infecting
Epidem. Inf. (1987), 99, 149-153 149 Printed in Great Britain Investigation of the source of haemolytic Escherichia coli infecting weaned pigs BY D. J. HAMPSON, Z. F. FU AND I. D. ROBERTSON Department
More informationCh 3: Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope
Ch 3: Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope SLOs Review the metric units of measurement Define total magnification and resolution Explain how electron and light microscopy differ Differentiate
More informationUnderstanding probiotics and health
Understanding probiotics and health Gemma Laws MSc Student Microbiology and Immunology Department The gut microbiota The name given to the total microbial population living in our intestine Bacteria, fungi,
More informationIMViC: Indole, Methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate
IMViC: Indole, Methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate + and H 2 S These 4 IMViC tests (actually 6 tests if you include motility and H 2 S) constitute, perhaps, the most critical tests used for identification
More informationVimta Labs Ltd., Life Sciences Facility, Plot No. 5, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana
Last Amended on - Page 1 of 14 I. DRUGS & PHARMACEUTICALS 1. Biological Assays Antibiotics And Other Drugs Bulk Drugs & Their Formulations: Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Nystatin IP Appendix 9.1 2.2.10 BP
More informationStudy of etiological factors and sensitivity pattern in CSOM
Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; December 2015: Vol.-5, Issue- 1, P. 766-770 766-771 Original article: Study of etiological factors and sensitivity pattern in CSOM Paresh Chavan, G
More informationURINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS AT KASTURBA MEDICAL COLLEGE TEACHING HOSPITAL, MANIPAL, INDIA
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Gautam R. et al. Volume 2, Issue 3, 1141-1146. Research Article ISSN 2278 4357 URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS
More informationSCREENING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FOR ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND PRODUCTION K. KHALISANNI, K. LEE HUNG
SCREENING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FOR ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND PRODUCTION K. KHALISANNI, K. LEE HUNG Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,
More informationSelective Growth Media for Differentiation and Detection of Escherichia Coli and Other Coliforms
Page 1 of 5 Page 1 of 5 Return to Web Version Selective Growth Media for Differentiation and Detection of Escherichia Coli and Other Coliforms By: Jvo Siegrist, AnalytiX Volume 8 Article 4 E. coli and
More informationAntimicrobial Effects of Vinegar. Daniel Crawford Grade 9 Central Catholic High School
Antimicrobial Effects of Vinegar Daniel Crawford Grade 9 Central Catholic High School Antibacterial Agents Humans interest in microbial growth/survivorship for over 100 years Many products/technologies
More informationReport on the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System
Report on the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System 2014 2015 National Veterinary Assay Laboratory Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2018 Contents Introduction...
More informationPROTEUS-PROVIDENCIA-MORGANELLA GENERA
Gram-negative rods Proteus & Pseudomonas DR. HUDA ABO-ALEES 2014-2015 Objectives: Describe the morphology & physiology for Proteus & Pseudomonas. Determine the virulence factors of proteus and pseudomonas.
More informationEnteric bacteria(pseudomonas+salmonella) Dr.Asem shihabi. Jumanah Nayef Abu Asbeh
15 Microbiology sheet #15 1. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rapidly growing bacteria are divided into 2 major Lactose fermenter group which is represented by the Coliforms. 2. Lactose non-fermenter
More informationUNDERSTANDING YOUR WATER PROFILE PRESENTED BY POULTRY PARTNERS AND AHPD
UNDERSTANDING YOUR WATER PROFILE PRESENTED BY POULTRY PARTNERS AND AHPD WHY DOES IT MATTER? Water intake for commercial poultry breeds is 1.5-2x greater than feed intake Commercial birds drink more now
More informationIndigenous fermented milk products: A microbiological study in Bhagalpur town
RESEARCH ARTICLE FOOD SCIENCE RESEARCH JOURNAL Volume 4 Issue 1 April, 2013 24-28 Indigenous fermented milk products: A microbiological study in Bhagalpur town A.R. NIGAM, R.P. SAH AND MD. IRSHAD ALAM
More informationOverview. Protect Your Business Against. Poultry & Poultry Processing Industry. Unique molecular bonding technology. and viruses
Poultry & Poultry Processing Industry Protect Your Business Against Unique molecular bonding technology to protect The Rise against of harmful "Superbugs" bacteria and viruses Unique molecular bonding
More informationOZONE EFFECTS ON SPECIFIC BACTERIA AND VIRUSES (
Bacterial infections and the spread of viruses relating to athletic gear are becoming a bigger concern each year. Numerous articles are being written and public awareness is growing rapidly to the health
More informationExercise 15-B PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA CONTINUED: AMINO ACID DECARBOXYLATION, CITRATE UTILIZATION, COAGULASE & CAMP TESTS
Exercise 15-B PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA CONTINUED: AMINO ACID DECARBOXYLATION, CITRATE UTILIZATION, COAGULASE & CAMP TESTS Decarboxylation of Amino Acids and Amine Production The decarboxylation
More informationEXERCISE. Proteins,Amino Acids, and Enzymes VII: Oxidase Test. Suggested Reading in Textbook. Pronunciation Guide. Materials per Student
EXERCISE 30 Proteins,Amino Acids, SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Be careful with the Bunsen burner flame. No mouth pipetting. The oxidase reagent is caustic. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. In case of contact,
More informationMicrobiological Quality of Non-sterile Products Culture Media for Compendial Methods
Microbiological Quality of Non-sterile Products Culture Media for Compendial Methods The life science business of Merck operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada. Culture Media for Compendial Methods
More informationENG MYCO WELL D- ONE REV. 1.UN 29/09/2016 REF. MS01283 REF. MS01321 (COMPLETE KIT)
ENG MYCO WELL D- ONE MYCO WELL D-ONE System for the presumptive identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test of urogenital mycoplasmas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans
More informationBiochemical tests. To identify bacteria, we must rely heavily on biochemical testing. The types of. for its identification.
Biochemical tests To identify bacteria, we must rely heavily on biochemical testing. The types of بصمة اإلببام " thumbprint biochemical reactions each organism undergoes act as a " for its identification.
More informationFall (Section ) Nursing Microbiology Lab Syllabus. Office Hours/Location: Room: LS 342 (Sections ),
Fall 2016 2460 (Section- 002-005) Nursing Microbiology Lab Syllabus Graduate TA: Email: Office Hours/Location: Room: LS 342 (Sections 002-005), Class day & Time: Monday Thursday 2:00 4:50 p.m. Lab Manual:
More informationNormal Flora PROF. HANAN HABIB DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, KSU
Normal Flora PROF. HANAN HABIB DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, KSU Objectives 1. Define the terms: Normal Flora, Resident flora, Transient flora and carrier state 2. Know the origin of normal
More informationScholars Research Library. Purification and characterization of neutral protease enzyme from Bacillus Subtilis
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Scholars Research Library J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res., 2012, 2 (4):612-618 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) Purification and characterization
More informationProficiency Testing. Food Microbiology. October 2015
Proficiency Testing Food Microbiology October 215 Edition Version 1 (215-11-26) Editor in chief Hans Lindmark, head of Biology department, National Food Agency Responsible for the scheme Laurence Nachin,
More informationLESSON 2.6 WORKBOOK Diagnosing infections, and, what s up your nose?
Staphylococcus aureus Morphology: The physical form or structure of a microbe.. LESSON 2.6 WORKBOOK Diagnosing infections, and, what s up your nose? Now we have discussed the different requirements that
More information2) In what two ways do Archaea differ from true bacteria?
STATION 1: 1) Explain the benefit of saprotrophic bacteria/fungi. 2) In what two ways do Archaea differ from true bacteria? 3) When transitioning from a low power to a higher power on a microscope, describe
More informationAerobic bacteria isolated from diabetic septic wounds
Aerobic bacteria isolated from diabetic septic wounds Eithar Mohammed Mahgoub*, Mohammed Elfatih A. Omer Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Omdurman
More informationURINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS 3 rd Y Med Students Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan Urinary Tract Infections-1 Normal urine is sterile.. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products,
More informationBACTERIAL EXAMINATION OF WATER
BACTERIAL EXAMINATION OF WATER The bacteriological examination of water is performed routinely by water utilities and many governmental agencies to ensure a safe supply of water for drinking, bathing,
More informationContinental J. Microbiology 6 (1): 14-18, 2012 ISSN: Wilolud Journals, ` Printed in Nigeria
Continental J. Microbiology 6 (1): 14-18, 2012 ISSN: 2141 4106 Wilolud Journals, 2012 http://www.wiloludjournal.com ` Printed in Nigeria BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF FERMENTED MILK SOLD LOCALLY IN SAMARU
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 0975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(6):626-630 The Microbiological Quality of Fruit Containing
More informationAsymptomatic Bacteriuria In Female Students Population Of A Nigerian University
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Microbiology Volume 2 Number 2 Asymptomatic Bacteriuria In Female Students Population Of A Nigerian University J Olaitan Citation J Olaitan.. The Internet Journal of Microbiology.
More informationLaboratorios CONDA, S.A. Distributed by Separations
Culture Media as on Pharmacopoeia 7.3, Harmonized Method for Microbiological Examination of non sterile products -FORMULATIONS Buffered sodium chloride-peptone solution ph 7.0 Cat. Nº 1401 Potassium dihydrogen
More informationUrinary Tract Infections Among Female Students Of The University Of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Microbiology Volume 7 Number 1 Urinary Tract Infections Among Female Students Of The University Of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, O Amali, M Indinyero, E Umeh, N Awodi
More informationfor a germ-free environment
for a germ-free environment the universal ecological germ-killer Effectivity 99,999% not chemical not toxic effective for a routine and targeted disinfection at home, in the gastronomy and food market
More information(Ostrolenk and Hunter, 1946) revealed that approximately 7 per cent of the spec- 197
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF ENTEROCOCCI AND ESCHERICHIA COLI AS INDICES OF POLLUTION MORRIS OSTROLENK, NORMAN KRAMER, AND ROBERT C. CLEVERDON U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D. C. Received for
More information