Pathology of the Alimentary System. Lecture 3 Teeth, tonsils, salivary glands & tongue
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1 Systemic Pathology I - VPM 221 Pathology of the Alimentary System Lecture 3 Teeth, tonsils, salivary glands & tongue Enrique Aburto Fall 2014
2 II. Diseases of teeth & dental tissues Structure & function Dental anomalies Attrition & abnormal wear Periodontal disease Dental neoplasia
3 Simple (brachydont) tooth In humans, carnivores, swine, and ruminant incisors (do not continue to grow after they are fully erupted) digestion/pregastric/dentalanat.html Thomson s Special Veterinary Pathology, 2 nd ed., pp 12.
4 Complex (hypsodont) tooth Infundibulum filled with cementum In horses, cheek teeth of ruminants and tusks of boars (continue to grow throughout life) The Veterinary Journal, Vol. 178, pp , 2008 Comparison: Brachydont (left) and Hypsodont (right) teeth Gray: Cementum Black: Enamel Yellow: Dentine Red: Pulp
5 1. Anomalies of tooth 1.1 Abnormal positioning malocclusion Malocclusions due to abnormal positioning of the mandible Prognathia (protrusion of mandible) Brachygnathia (short mandible) Abnormal tooth eruption patterns Malocclusion and overgrowth of incisors, mouse. Noah s arkive Prognathia, horse Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier Brachygnathia, horse
6 1.2 Anomalies of tooth development Primary dysplasia Tooth agenesis (anodontia) Supernumerary teeth (polyodontia) Dentigerous cysts Secondary dysplasia Segmental enamel hypoplasia Canine distemper in puppies BVD intra-uterine infection Cachexia Enamel hypoplasia of permanent incisors, dog Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier Dentigerous cyst, jaw, dog Noah s arkive Enamel hypoplasia, brown pits and exposure of the dentin
7 1.2 Abnormal teeth coloration Tetracyclines Porphyrins (heme) Fluoride (fluorosis) Orange-red discoloration of teeth due to porphyrins, cat Noah s arkive Yellow discoloration due to tetracyclines, dog Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier Fluorosis leads to discoloration & abnormal wear, cow
8 2. Lesions caused by attrition & abnormal wear Rapid / irregular wear Loss of normal dental structure Dental infection Dental fracture Age-related dental attrition ( wave or step-mouth ) The Veterinary Journal, Vol. 178, pp , 2008 Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier
9 Dental attrition 3. Infundibular impaction (necrosis or caries*) Infundibular necrosis, first molar, horse Cementum-filled infundibulm Incomplete cementum formation prior to tooth eruption. Bacterial action on impacted food leads to caries. Serious disease of ruminants and horses Incidence increases with age *Caries: acid demineralization of tooth and enzymatic digestion of dental organic matrix followed by inflammation * * f Infundibular necrosis. Notice the presence of feed material (f) within a cheek tooth and the associated abscess (*), horse
10 4. Periodontal disease Damage of gingiva & periodontal ligament Dental plaque (bacteria + food particles + organic matrix) on tooth surface Dental calculus or tartar (mineralized plaque) Severe dental calculus with gum recession, dog Severe dental calculus, horse
11 Pathogenesis Inflammation starts from gingival crevice Gingival recession & destruction of periodontal ligament Tooth loosening Sequelae: Pulpitis Tooth abscess Alveolar osteomyelitis Loss of tooth Bacteremia Early gingivitis at the crevice dog (top), and periodontal disease with gum recession dog (bottom)
12 5. Dental neoplasia 5.1 Epulis (gingival growth) Tumor of periodontal ligament Types: Fibromatous epulis: benign Ossifying epulis: benign Acanthomatous epulis: infiltrates surrounding bone, frequent recurrence (may transforms into SCC); Syn: Acanthomatous ameloblastoma Other tumors: Odontomas & ameloblastomas
13 Histo: Fibromatous epulis, dog Fibromatous epulis, dog Acanthomatous epulis, dog Noah s arkive
14 III. Diseases of Tonsils Tonsillitis Neoplasia Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Noah s arkive Normal tonsils, pig Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier Noah s arkive Necrotizing tonsillitis, pseudorabies, pig. Noah s arkive Tonsillar lymphoma (top) and SCC (bottom), dogs
15 III. Diseases of Salivary Glands 2.1 True salivary cyst (cystic distension of a salivary gland duct) 2.2 Mucocele or sialocele (Extravasated pseudocyst) 2.3 Ranula (a true salivary cyst on the floor of the mouth alongside the tongue) Ranula, mandibular salivary duct, dog Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier True salivary cysts, dogs
16 III. Diseases of Salivary Glands 2.4 Sialolithiasis Sialolith, horse. The adjacent gland has disappeared due to pressure necrosis 2.5 Sialoadenitis Sialodacryoadenitis in rats Mumps in humans Rabies Canine distemper Salmonellosis in pigs 2.6 Tumors Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier Salivary gland adenocarcinoma, cat. Noah s arkive
17 III. Diseases of Tongue Epitheliogenesis imperfecta Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue) Candidiasis (Thrush) Candida albicans Squamous cell carcinoma Gross & histo of thrush, oral candidiasis, tongue, foal Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4 th ed., Mosby-Elsevier
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Proceedings of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Mexico City, Mexico 2005
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4Ps LUMPS AND BUMPS B.L.&T. BUMPS, LUMPS, AND TATTOOS. Most Common BUMP in the oral cavity Fibroma INTERDENTAL PAPILLAE LESIONS
B.L.&T. BUMPS, LUMPS, AND TATTOOS LUMPS AND BUMPS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR LUMPS AND BUMPS Traumatic Fibroma Papilloma Epulis Fissuratum Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia Lesions of Attached Gingiva
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Updated BEVA/BVDA Position statement on previous drafts of a suggested Exemption Order with respect to equine dental treatments
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06 Tooth Development and Eruption
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1 of 9 7/11/2012 11:29 AM For many years, producers, veterinarians, and exhibitors (at cattle shows) have used cattle dentition to make general age determinations. Dentition will vary from herd-to-herd