Common Skin Diseases. Md Ahad Ali Khan Department of Pharmacy SUB

Transcription

1 Common Skin Diseases Md Ahad Ali Khan Department of Pharmacy SUB

2 Intact: Skin is unbroken Contusion: Injury in which skin is unbroken Excoriation: Removal of an area of the skin Abrasion: Spot rubbed bare of mucous membrane or skin, and thereby damaged Cyanosis Dusky, bluish colour usually seen in the lips and on the nail beds, caused by lack of oxygen.

3 Contusion Cyanosis Excoriation Abrasion

4 Acne/pimples Dermatitis/eczema Cold sores Psoriasis Warts Tinea Urticaria/hives Skin cancer

5 Presence of various spots called comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, and, in severe cases, nodules and cysts. Onset of puberty Over production of androgen hormones, such as testosterone are released These hormones can cause the sebaceous glands to overproduce sebum (oil) Blockage of skin pores Typical spots appear Pustules

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7 Mild > Whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples Gentle cleansing with warm water and a mild soap Applying benzoyl peroxide (such as Brevoxyl or Triaz) Applying salicylic acid (such as Propa ph or Stridex (Pad) Salicylic acid is a keratolytic (peeling agent). Salicylic acid causes shedding of the outer layer of skin. Salicylic acid topical is used in the treatment of acne, dandruff, corns, and warts. An antibiotic lotion A lotion with medicine that helps to unplug your pores

8 Moderate to severe acne Applying benzoyl peroxide Draining of large pimples and cysts by a doctor Applying prescription antibiotic gels, creams, or lotions Applying prescription retinoids (The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are related chemically to vitamin A. Retinoids are used in medicine, primarily dueto the way they regulate epithelial cell growth.) Applying azelaicacid Taking prescription oral antibiotics. Taking prescription oral retinoids (such as isotretinoin)

9 Treatment for acne scars Laser resurfacing or dermabrasion Plastic surgery

10 Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin (i.e. rash). Symptoms: Vary with all different forms of the condition From skin rashes to bumpy rashes or including blisters Every type of dermatitis has different symptoms - including redness of the skin, swelling, itching and skin lesions and sometimes oozing and scarring. Rash Oozing Scare

11 Caused by - allergen or an irritating substance. Individuals who live in urban areas with low humidity are more prone to develop this type of dermatitis. Result of a gastrointestinal condition, celiac disease - a condition that damages the lining of the small intestine and prevents it from absorbing parts of food that are important for staying healthy. The damage is due to a reaction to eating gluten, which is found inwheat, barley, rye, and possibly oats Common in infants and individuals between 30 and 70 years old. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, inflammatory skin condition that causes flaky, white to yellowish scales to form on oily areas such as the scalp or inside the ear. It can occur with or without reddened skin Less common type of dermatitis > no known cause > appear more frequently in middle-age people. Nummular eczema is an allergy-related disorder in which itchy, coinshaped spots or patches appear on the skin.

12 C D A D Seb. D N D

13 Similar to rosacea > more often in women between 20 and 60 years old. a skin disorder in which tiny red bumps form around the mouth. Secondary to a skin infection PD I D

14 Inflammation on the lower legs > caused by build up of blood and fluid > occur in people with varicose.

15 Varicose veins or arteries are veins that have become enlarged and tortuous. The term commonly refers to the veins on the leg, although varicose veins can occur elsewhere. Leaflet valves > prevent blood from flowing backwards (retrograde flow or reflux)

16 Dermatitis treatment varies, depending on the cause. Using corticosteroid creams Applying wet compresses and avoiding irritants Some types of dermatitis, nonsteroidal medications may help relieve signs and symptoms. And for all types of dermatitis, occasional use of over-the-counter oral antihistamines can reduce itching.

17 Cold sores > called fever blisters groups of small blisters on the lip and around the mouth The skin around the blisters is often red, swollen, and sore. The blisters may break open, leak a clear fluid, and then scab over after a few days.

18 Cold Sore Causes Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Two types > type I and type II Cold sores are usually caused by type I. The exact way this happens is not clear > some conditions seem to be associated with recurrences Fever, colds, or the flu > fever blisters Ultraviolet radiation Stress Changes in the immune system Hormonal changes, such as menstruation Trauma to the skin Sometimes there is no apparent cause of the recurrence Tendency to recur in more or less the same place each time Recurrences > Once a month > Once or twice a year

19 Treatment Cold Sore Topical anesthetics to relieve burning, itching, and pain > contain benzocaine (5%-20%) > lidocaine (0.5%-4%) > tetracaine (2%) or > dibucaine (0.25%-1%) Skin protectants to keep the lesion moist and prevent cracking of the lesion > Allantoin > Petrolatum > Dimethicone Sunscreen-containing lip balms may also help additional outbreaks if the sun is a precipitating factor.

20 For additional pain relief > Ibuprofen > acetaminophen Do not apply any topical steroids, such as hydrocortisone, to the lesions. Topical acyclovir (5% cream) or penciclovir ( 1% cream) > reduce healing time by approximately half a day > decrease pain associated with the lesion > docosanol 10% cream - OTC product > decrease healing time

21 Psoriasis is inflammatory skin disease Characterized by a red, scaly rash, which can be itchy A typical lesion is a well-defined raised plaque with a silvery scale Occurs - on the elbows, knees and in the scalp > can occur on any part of the body, including the flexures Nails to become pitted, discolored and fragile Cause Unknown > more common in some families Associated factors: Predisposal to psoriasis > trauma to the skin >Streptococcal upper respiratory infections > Stress, some medications, heavy alcohol intake and smoking

22 Oral medications > Acitretin > Cyclosporine > Methotrexate > Mycophenolate mofetil Currently available biologic (IV) drugs > Alefacep > Adalimumab > Infliximab > Etanercept > Ustekinumab Creams or lotions > Topical corticosteroids > Vitamin D analogue Calcitriol > Topical retinoids > Moisturizers > Topical immunomodulators Acrolimus Pimecrolimus > Coal tar > Anthralin and others.

23 Small, usuallypainless growthson theskin Most, but not all, are generally harmless Causes, incidence, and risk factors Caused by - Human papillomavirus (HPV) Spread from one part of the body to another May spread from one person to another Can be - disfiguring and embarrassing, itch or hurt (particularly on the feet) Some warts spread through sex.

24 A round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface. Spot may be lighter, darker, or black (rare) colored compared to other skin Some warts have smooth or flat surfaces Some warts cause pain, others do not

25 On the face and forehead - common in children, less common in teens, and rare in adults. On the genitals, in the pubic area, and in the area between the thighs, but they can also appear inside the vagina and anal canal. On the soles of the feet. They can be very painful. Under and around the fingernails or toenails.

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28 Freezing (cryotherapy, or liquid nitrogen therapy) Liquid nitrogen > destroy wart by freezing Minor surgery Cutting away the wart tissue or burning it with electricity

29 Skin infection > fungus > several patches of ringworm on skin appear at once. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Common - among children May affect people of all ages It is caused by a fungus, not a worm like the name suggests. Bacteria and fungi > Some are useful > Others cause infections

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31 Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus called tinea grows and multiplies on your skin. Ringworm can affect the skin on your: Beard -- tinea barbae Body -- tinea corporis Feet -- tinea pedis / athlete's foot Groin area -- tinea cruris /jock itch Scalp -- tinea capitis

32 Can spread > one person to another > Contagious If touch someone who has the infection If come into contact with items contaminated by the fungus > combs > unwashed clothing > shower or pool surfaces From pets that carry the fungus Cats are common carriers Fungus that causes ringworm thrive in warm, moist areas. More likely > often wet (such as from sweating) > from minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or nails.

33 Ringworm Treatments - Topical Antifungal medications - miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, butenafine and tolnaftate Ketoconazole-containing medicines are very effective in the treatment for ringworm. Hydrochloride cream Ringworm Treatments Oral Oral Lamisil and Griseofulvin Some oral treatments for ringworm have many sideeffects and they aren't recommended for longterm use

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