Homeostasis. Achievement Criteria. Excellence Criteria. Demonstrate understanding of how an animal maintains a stable internal environment 10/02/2016
|
|
- Geoffrey Warner
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Homeostasis Demonstrate understanding of how an animal maintains a stable internal environment Biology 3.4 AS91604 Achievement Criteria Explain the purpose of the homeostatic mechanism Be able to explain the basis of the homeostatic mechanism Describe one way in which internal or external environmental factors can disrupt the homeostatic mechanism Excellence Criteria Be able to explain why it gives and adaptive advantage An explanation of the biochemical/biophysical pathways involved An analysis of how internal or external environmental factors can disrupt the homeostatic mechanism 1
2 Objectives To find out how homeostasis works: To explore how and why the human animal maintains a stable internal environment, including how a specific disruption results in responses within a control system to re-establish a stable internal environment And the adaptive advantage for humans of their various homeostatic control systems the biochemical and biophysical processes underpinning each mechanism (e.g. equilibrium reactions, changes in membrane permeability, metabolic pathways). And Explore the control systems regulating body temperature blood pressure osmotic balance level of blood glucose levels and balance of respiratory gases in tissues. 2
3 And the environmental factors that may disrupt them External influences such as: exposure to extreme environmental conditions, disease or infection, drugs or toxins, Internal influences such as: genetic conditions or metabolic disorders The big questions What is the purpose of the system? What are the components of the system? What is the mechanism of the system (how it responds to being disrupted within a normal range of environmental fluctuations)? What can happen when extreme disruption to the system, by internal or external influences, results in its breakdown. 3
4 Homeostasis homeo = same or unchanged Greek homoio-, combining form of hómoios similar, like stasis = to remain still or steady Greek, from sta- base of histanai 'to stand - a period or state of inactivity or equilibrium Involves control systems by which an animal maintains a stable internal environment, despite fluctuations in their environment. Why bother? Normal metabolic reactions in animals produce metabolic wastes such as CO2 and urea. The build up of these wastes is toxic. Enzymes that control metabolic pathways operate within a narrow range Ph and Temperature range within the body. Enzymes Amoeba sisters Homeostasis is maintained through a combination of hormonal and nervous mechanisms. 4
5 Make a statement Animals maintain stable internal environments because Include: Ph Temperature Enzymes Homeostasis Unit 1. Control Systems Feedback loops Endocrine system Blood system 2. Osmoregulation Purpose Components Mechanism 3. Blood Glucose Purpose Components Mechanism Diabetes 4. Body Temperature Purpose Components Mechanism Hypothermia Hyperthermia 5. Blood Pressure Purpose Components Mechanism Hypotension and hypertension 6. Respiratory Gases Purpose Components Mechanism Asthma? 5
6 Homeostatic Control Systems Thing that needs to be controlled is to high Activate a feedback process to increase the thing Activate a feedback process to decrease the thing Thing that needs to be controlled is to low For example What are the parts of this system? And what is the equilibrium set point it is maintaining? 6
7 Homeostatic Control Systems 3 Key components Example Receptor Receives information Sends information to the controller Controller Registers information Co-ordinates information if more than one receptor is involved Sends out instructions Effector Receives signals from the controller Reacts accordingly Sensory nerves or organs Usually the brain (Especially the Hypothalamus) Glands, muscles or organs Homeostatic Control Systems Brain (control centre) Muscle cells (effector) in the hand Rod or cone cells (receptor) in the eye (sense organ) 7
8 How does the controller know? The controller has a set point that it is constantly measuring information from the receptors against. All systems fluctuate around the set point. As long as the fluctuation remains within range the system can restore itself to normal. Extreme conditions can cause the system to slow down or break down resulting in damage or death. Fluctuations Are totally fine, up to a point With the exception of some prokaryotes, life can only exist between -2 C and 50 C. 8
9 Feedback 10/02/2016 Negative feedback control Feedback mechanisms can be positive or negative. Negative feedback control is most common. In this type of control, the output of the system feeds information back to the controller which responds by reducing output so levels return to the set point. The stimulus from one part of the body produces a response that will stop or reduce the original stimulus. Examples of negative feedback control High body temperature Stomach is full CO2 level high Receptor Hypothalamus Stretch receptors in stomach wall Respiratory centre in brain Controller Hypothalamus/ nerves Submucosal plexus Respiratory centre/ nerves Effector Sweat glands release sweat Stomach muscles begin contractions Output Sweat evaporates Mixing and emptying of stomach content Result Body temperature is reduced Stomach empties Diaphragm Breathing rate increases CO2 levels drop 9
10 Positive feedback control Positive feedback systems are uncommon in the body. They form a looped system that causes a large departure from the original condition. The stimulus in one part of your body causes another part to enhance the effect of the stimulus. These systems are unstable because they cause as escalation in the original condition. An example of this childbirth. Remember the big questions What is the purpose of the system? What are the components of the system? What is the mechanism of the system (how it responds to being disrupted within a normal range of environmental fluctuations)? What can happen when extreme disruption to the system, by internal or external influences, results in its breakdown. 10
11 Systems involved in Homeostatic control Homeostasis is maintained through a combination of hormonal and nervous mechanisms. Nervous system Endocrine system Blood system Liver and Kidneys Nervous system Briefly define/describe the following Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Within the autonomic nervous system define the two systems: the parasympathetic and sympathetic. 11
12 Central Nervous System (CNS) The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain lies protected inside the skull and from there controls all the body functions by sending and receiving messages through nerves. The brain is the control centre for your body and it sits in your skull at the top of your spinal cord. The brain has three main parts. The cerebellum The cerebrum which has two parts, the left and right cerebral hemispheres The brain stem, that controls a lot of the 'automatic' actions of your body such as breathing and heart beat, and links the brain to the spinal cord and the rest of the body. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The peripheral nervous system carries messages to and from the central nervous system. It sends information to the brain and carries out orders from the brain. Messages travel through the cranial nerves, those which branch out from the brain and go to many places in the head such as the ears, eyes and face. Messages can also travel through the spinal nerves which branch out from the spinal cord. There are two major parts to the peripheral nervous system. The somatic system: sends sensory information to the central nervous system through peripheral nerve fibres. Sensory means that it sends the information coming from all your senses, touch, vision, hearing, taste, smell and position. sends messages to motor nerve fibres to get the muscles to move the body. The autonomic system is responsible for making sure that all the automatic things that your body needs to do to keep you going, like breathing, digesting etc. continue working smoothly without your having to think about them. (How hard would it be to have to keep thinking, "Breathe in, breathe out," or "Start digesting the food stomach!") 12
13 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the functions of our internal organs (the viscera) such as the heart, stomach and intestines. The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system and it also controls some of the muscles within the body. We are often unaware of the ANS because it functions involuntary and reflexively. For example, we do not notice when blood vessels change size or when our heart beats faster. However, some people can be trained to control some functions of the ANS such as heart rate or blood pressure. The ANS regulates: Muscles vis -- in the skin (around hair follicles; smooth muscle -- around blood vessels (smooth muscle) -- in the eye (the iris; smooth muscle) -- in the stomach, intestines and bladder (smooth muscle) -- of the heart (cardiac muscle) Glands The ANS is divided into three parts: The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system The enteric nervous system Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System 13
14 Endocrine System Describe the endocrine system Give the essential function of the following hormones Insulin ADH Adrenalin (epinephrine) Aldosterone Thyroxine Give reasons why the hypothalamus and pituitary are important organs in homeostatic control. Blood (circulatory) System Distinguish between vasoconstriction and vasodilation Name the homeostatic control mechanisms that vasoconstriction and vasodilation are essential components of 14
15 Blood System Vasodilation means the smooth muscles in your blood vessel walls relax causing them to widen. This widening results in less vascular resistance, thus the blood flowing through the dilated vessel increases. Vasodilation may occur locally or system wide. Some basic health benefits resulting from vasodilation include: lowering blood pressure assists in eliminating excess metabolic produced heat enhances clotting factor & leukocyte entry into damage tissue increases delivery of oxygen & nutrients during energy consuming activities The natural signals for causing vessels to dilate are referred to as vasodilators and the source varies, including parasympathetic nerve impulses, hormones and bradykinin release. The term vasodilator is also used in reference to drugs that treat certain conditions that benefit from vasodilation, such as hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction. Vasoconstriction means the smooth muscles in your blood vessel walls contract causing them to narrow. This action results in blood flow through your vessels to be restricted. Some health benefits of vasoconstriction are: retain heat in cold climates reduce excessive blood loss prevent orthostatic hypotension Vasoconstriction can be caused by sympathetic nerve impulses, prostaglandins, serotonin and epinephrine. Certain drugs can also stimulate blood vessels to constrict, referred to as vasoconstrictors or vasopressors, for instance: cocaine stimulants decongestants amphetamines antihistamines Caffeine causes vasoconstriction as well. Homeostatic Control Systems Temperature (as vasoconstriction and vasodilation can control the heat loss from the body through the skin) Blood vessels supplying blood to the skin can swell or dilate - called vasodilation. This causes more heat to be carried by the blood to the skin, where it can be lost to the air. Blood vessels can shrink down again - called vasoconstriction. This reduces heat loss through the skin once the body s temperature has returned to normal. 15
16 Liver and Kidneys Distinguish excretion and secretion Give a reason that the liver is important for maintaining homeostasis Give a reason that the kidneys are important for maintaining homeostasis Difference between excretion and secretion Secretion and excretion are the same in nature since both are involved in the passage or movement of materials. These words and body processes are needed in order to control and maintain homeostasis in the body. Both processes move and eliminate unwanted components in the body. Excretion is the removal of material from a living thing while secretion is the movement of material from one point to another. Example of excretion: Humans excrete such materials as tears, feces, urine, carbon dioxide, and sweat while Example of secretion: secretion doesn t leave the body some examples for secretion are enzymes, hormones, or saliva. Excretion is mostly body wastes while secretion is important materials that can be metabolized and used by our bodies. 16
17 Reason why the liver is important for maintaining homeostasis The liver plays a big role in Glucose Homeostasis: Blood glucose homeostasis is an important biologic process that involves a variety of mechanisms. The muscles, kidneys and liver all have important functions in glucose regulation. The liver is especially important for its ability to store glycogen and prevent low blood glucose. Maintaining blood glucose within the normal range is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Your liver plays a key role in blood glucose homeostasis. After a meal when blood glucose is high, the liver has the ability to remove glucose from the blood and store it as part of a molecule called glycogen. In between meals, as blood glucose begins to decline, the liver can make new glucose to release into the blood. Hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, regulate these homeostatic processes. The liver: The liver filters and processes blood as it circulates through the body. It metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances. The kidneys The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that extract waste from blood, balance body fluids, form urine, and aid in other important functions of the body. The kidneys are very important to keep the body balanced. The kidneys control water levels. 17
Five Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism
28.1 35.1 Levels Human of Body Organization Systems Five Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM 28.1 35.1 Levels Human of Body Organization Systems
More informationWHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM LEARNING OBJECTIVES To state the function of the Nervous system. To describe the structure and workings of the nervous system. To name the major parts of the nervous system. To describe
More informationWhat is the function of the urinary system? How do the kidneys filter the blood? What are common problems with the urinary system?
CHAPTER 24 2 The Urinary System SECTION The Digestive and Urinary Systems BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is the function of the urinary
More informationA day at the sauna. Boardworks Ltd How does the body react to change?
1 of 40 2 of 40 A day at the sauna 3 of 40 How does the body react to change? Saving energy? 4 of 40 Sayid has decided to save energy by staying in bed all day. How much of his energy do you think this
More informationAutonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
Autonomic Nervous System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Nervous System Divisions of the nervous system The human nervous system consists of the central nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
More informationNervous System - PNS and CNS. Bio 105
Nervous System - PNS and CNS Bio 105 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Autonomic Nervous Systems B. Somatic Nervous Systems III. Autonomic
More informationHOMEOSTASIS 37 C. ph of % blood sugar
HOMEOSTASIS ph of 7.35 37 C 0.1% blood sugar Homeostasis an equilibrium (steady state) between an organism s various physiological functions, and between the organism and the environment. This is a balance
More information3/15/17. Outline. Nervous System - PNS and CNS. Two Parts of the Nervous System
Nervous System - PNS and CNS Bio 105 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Autonomic Nervous Systems B. Somatic Nervous Systems III. Autonomic
More informationDo Now pg What is the fight or flight response? 2. Give an example of when this response would kick in.
Do Now pg 81 1. What is the fight or flight response? 2. Give an example of when this response would kick in. Autonomic Nervous System The portion of the PNS that functions independently (autonomously)
More informationIntroduction to Organ Systems & Homeostasis. Packet #2
Introduction to Organ Systems & Homeostasis Packet #2 Properties of Life Order All living things maintain a high degree of order and complexity Even the smallest living thing a cell Regulate Use of Energy
More informationCIE Biology A-level Topic 14: Homeostasis
CIE Biology A-level Topic 14: Homeostasis Notes Communication is essential for the survival of organism as all living organisms must be able to detect and respond to changes in both their internal and
More informationBODY SYSTEMS UNIT ANCHOR CHARTS:
BODY SYSTEMS UNIT ANCHOR CHARTS: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION smallest unit Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems largest unit Body TISSUES IN THE HUMAN BODY Tissue Function Example Muscle makes parts of the body
More informationName Class Date. KEY CONCEPT The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate.
Section 1: How Organ Systems Communicate KEY CONCEPT The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate. VOCABULARY nervous system central nervous system (CNS)
More informationThe Nervous System. We have covered many different body systems which automatically control and regulate our bodies.
The Nervous System The Nervous System We have covered many different body systems which automatically control and regulate our bodies. There is one master system which controls all of these other systems.
More informationAfter you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 17 1 The Nervous System SECTION Communication and Control 7.5.a, 7.5.b California Science Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What
More informationRespiration Cellular Respiration Understand the relationship between glucose breakdown and ATP when you burn glucose with the help of oxygen, it
Respiration Cellular Respiration Understand the relationship between glucose breakdown and ATP when you burn glucose with the help of oxygen, it traps chemical energy into ATP Energy found in glucose stores
More informationObjectives. ! Describe the major structures of the nervous system. ! Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted.
Objectives! Describe the major structures of the nervous system.! Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted.! Distinguish between the functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.! Identify
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis
Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Select the incorrect association. a. anatomy/function b. human body/multicellular. c. carbon dioxide/cell waste product. d. physiology/body
More informationCentral vs. Peripheral Nervous System
Nervous System 2 C 1 2 : A N A L Y Z E T H E F U N C T I O N A L I N T E R R E L A T I O N S H I P S O F T H E D I V I S I O N S O F T H E N E R V O U S S Y S T E M Central vs. Peripheral Nervous System
More informationCoordination and Responses Nervous System (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )
Coordination and Responses Nervous System (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) Nervous System Nervous system Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Brain Spinal Cord Nerves and neurones
More informationBody Systems Notes. Nervous, Integumentary, Immune/Lymphatic, Circulatory, Skeletal, Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory, Endocrine, Reproductive
Body Systems Notes Nervous, Integumentary, Immune/Lymphatic, Circulatory, Skeletal, Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory, Endocrine, Reproductive Homeostasis: maintaining a balance. Examples: temperature,
More informationBody Systems Overview
Body Systems Overview Body Systems work together: If you damage one system, you may damage several for example, smoking irritates the lungs and destroys the cells of the immune system Levels of Organization
More informationYear 10 Biology booklet Topic 1 homeostasis Name:
Year 10 Biology booklet Topic 1 homeostasis Name: Homeostasis Give a definition for each of these key words: Homeostasis Nervous system Sensory neurone Relay neurone Motor neurone Reflex action Endocrine
More informationWarm Up Where in a flower would you find xylem and phloem? 2. Where in a flower would you find palisade cells?
Body Systems Warm Up 4-4-16 1. Where in a flower would you find xylem and phloem? 2. Where in a flower would you find palisade cells? 3. Where in a flower would you find root hair cells? 4. What organelle
More informationHuman Body Systems. Long narrow tube mixes enzymes with food Small nutrient molecules diffuse into blood
Human Body Systems Living Environment AIS Mr. DuRoss Digestive System : Break down large food molecules into smaller parts that the body can use Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
More informationNervous system. Made up of. Peripheral nervous system. Central nervous system. The central nervous system The peripheral nervous system.
Made up of The central nervous system The peripheral nervous system Nervous system Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Brain Spinal Cord Cranial nerve Spinal nerve branch from the brain connect
More informationBiology 3201 Unit 1: Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium II
Biology 3201 Unit 1: Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium II Ch. 12 The Nervous System (Introduction and Anatomy) The Nervous System - Introduction Cells, tissues, organs and organ systems must maintain a biological
More informationThe Human Body. Mrs. Green
The Human Body Mrs. Green Bell Work Which of the following helps the body to cool down? a) Shivering b) Sweating c) Running a fever d) Taking a deep breath Which of the following is a function of the digestive
More informationAhmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat. Ahmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat. Mohd.Khatatbeh
10 Ahmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat Ahmad Rabei & Hamad Mrayat Mohd.Khatatbeh Before you start: Important terminology: 1 Ganglion: Nerve cell cluster, where neurons are typically linked by synapses. Also, it`s
More informationChapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Outline
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter Outline Module 14.1 Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System (Figures 14.1 14.3) A. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the involuntary arm of the peripheral
More informationHuman Body. The student knows that the human body is made of systems with structure and functions that are related.
Human Body The student knows that the human body is made of systems with structure and functions that are related. Cells Cells are the smallest living structures. All living things are made up of one or
More informationamygdala (ah MIG da la) a region of the brain involved in emotional memory, such as fear (SRB)
FOSS Human Systems Interactions, Next Generation Edition Glossary abnormal different from what is usual (SRB) aerobic cellular respiration the process by which a cell releases energy using chemical reactions
More informationChapter 17. Nervous System Nervous systems receive sensory input, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands. !
Chapter 17 Sensory receptor Sensory input Integration Nervous System Motor output Brain and spinal cord Effector cells Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) 28.1 Nervous systems
More informationSomatic Nervous Systems. III. Autonomic Nervous System. Parasympathetic Nervous System. Sympathetic Nervous Systems
7/21/2014 Outline Nervous System - PNS and CNS I. II. Two Parts of the Nervous System Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System A. B. Brain and Spinal Cord III. Autonomic
More informationExcretion (IGCSE Biology Syllabus )
Excretion (IGCSE Biology Syllabus 2016-2018) Structure of the Kidney Excretion is the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements
More informationHierarchy of Complexity
HOMEOSTASIS Hierarchy of Complexity Organism is composed of organ systems Organ Systems composed of organs Organism Organs composed of tissues Tissues composed of cells Cells composed of organelles Organelles
More informationCells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism. Cells: the smallest unit of life.
Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism Cells: the smallest unit of life. The Circulatory Systems brings oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells; fights infections; removes cell wastes; regulates
More informationNervous System. Chapter Structure of the Nervous System. Neurons
33.1 Structure of the Neurons Neurons are specialized nerve cells that help you gather information about your environment, interpret the information, and react to it. Neurons consist of three main regions:
More informationPage 1. Neurons Transmit Signal via Action Potentials: neuron At rest, neurons maintain an electrical difference across
Chapter 33: The Nervous System and the Senses Neurons: Specialized excitable cells that allow for communication throughout the body via electrical impulses Neuron Anatomy / Function: 1) Dendrites: Receive
More informationHuman Anatomy and Body Systems
Human Anatomy and Body Systems Levels of Organization The human body is organized in several levels, from the simplest to the most complex... Cells the basic unit of life Tissues clusters of cells performing
More information3.0 Healthy human function depends on a variety of interacting and reacting systems
3.0 Healthy human function depends on a variety of interacting and reacting systems Vocabulary: Mechanical digestion: physical break down of food into very small pieces. Chemical digestion: breakdown of
More informationNervous System. Dentalelle Tutoring. 1
Nervous System Dentalelle Tutoring www.dentalelle.com 1 Basics The nervous system along with the endocrine (hormonal) system works to control all activities within the human body. It does this by communicating
More informationEB Education Revision Guide. How to work with Homeostasis: Part 1 Thermoregulation
EB Education Revision Guide How to work with Homeostasis: Part 1 Thermoregulation Basics of homeostasis Thermoregulation a) Why your body regulates temperature What you need to know about Homeostasis:
More informationUNIT 1: WELLNESS AND HOMEOSTASIS
UNIT 1: WELLNESS AND HOMEOSTASIS WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTH AND WELLNESS? 5 FACTORS OF WELL-BEING PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL SPIRITUAL INTELLECTUAL SOCIAL WHAT IS BIOLOGY? BIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF
More informationStructure, Movement, and Control
Human Body Systems Structure, Movement, and Control What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with
More informationControl and Coordination
CHAPTER 7 Control and Coordination Living organisms respond and react to various stimuli like heat, light, cold, touch, pressure etc. Plants and animals both respond to stimuli but in different manner.
More information... THE MAINTENANCE OF STATIC OR CONSTANT CONDITIONS IN THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT...
Homeostasis... THE MAINTENANCE OF STATIC OR CONSTANT CONDITIONS IN THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT... External Environment External Environment Internal Environment External Environment External Environment Homeostasis
More information3. A process that occurs in the human body is represented in the diagram below.
1. Molecules in a certain medication attach to receptors on nerve cells. This prevents the normal chemical signal from binding to the receptor. One immediate result of taking this medication might be a
More informationThe Nervous System. Two Systems Within a System. 526 Chapter 17
1 The Nervous System Key Concept Your nervous system is an organ system that gathers, interprets, and responds to sensory information. What You Will Learn The central nervous system processes and responds
More informationHomeostasis Enlightenment
Anatomy/Physiology Homeostasis Quick and Dirty Big Picture: We carry around inside us an environment (an internal environment ) that bathes our cells. It can t change too much or the cells and organs are
More informationStructure, Movement, and Control
Lesson 2 Structure, Movement, and Control Scan Lesson 2. Read the lesson titles and bold words. Look at the pictures. Identify three facts you discovered about the structure, movement, and control of the
More informationInteractions Among Animal Systems. Biology 10(A)
Interactions Among Animal Systems Biology 10(A) Interactions Among Animal Systems Learning Objectives Identify major organ systems in animals Describe the interactions that occur among systems to carry
More informationAnatomy & Physiology Diploma
Anatomy & Physiology Diploma Module 3 - Assessment Book Assignments & Tests Please complete the following questions to allow us to assess the knowledge you have gained from this module. The type of answers
More informationPAP Animal Body Systems Test Review. 1. List the levels of organization from largest to smallest. (Organ-Organism-Cell-Organ System-Tissue),,,,
Name Period PAP Animal Body Systems Test Review 1. List the levels of organization from largest to smallest. (Organ-Organism-Cell-Organ System-Tissue),,,, 2. Put the following pictures below in the correct
More informationLujain Hamdan. Ayman Musleh & Yahya Salem. Mohammed khatatbeh
12 Lujain Hamdan Ayman Musleh & Yahya Salem Mohammed khatatbeh the last lecture, we have studied the differences between the two divisions of the ANS: sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways which work
More informationStudy Guide Answer Key Nervous System
Biology 12 Human Biology Textbook: BC Biology 12 Study Guide Answer Key Nervous System 1. Draw a neuron, label 3 parts and give the function of those parts. Dendrite: carry signals to the cell body Cell
More informationAxon Nerve impulse. Axoplasm Receptor. Axomembrane Stimuli. Schwann cell Effector. Myelin Cell body
Nervous System Review 1. Explain a reflex arc. 2. Know the structure, function and location of a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron 3. What is (a) Neuron Axon Nerve impulse Axoplasm Receptor
More informationAngel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015
Grade 10 Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 Biology Duration: 3.00 Hours Part 1 Index No:- Choose the correct or most appropriate answer and underline them 1) When
More informationQ: A.1. Answer (b) neurolemma Q: A.2. Answer (d) Pons - consciousness Q: A.3. Answer (b) Contains both sensory and motor fibres Q: B.
NERVOUS SYSTEM Q: A.1 (b) neurolemma Q: A.2 (d) Pons - consciousness Q: A.3 (b) Contains both sensory and motor fibres Q: B.1 (a) Cerebrospinal fluid (b) Synapse (c) Cerebrum (d) Hypothalamus Q: B.2 (a)
More information6. The diagram below represents an interaction between parts of an organism.
Endocrine Review 1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Each arrow in the diagram represents a different hormone released by the pituitary
More informationName Class Date. Read the words in the box. Read the sentences. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: The Nervous System TWO SYSTEMS WITHIN A SYSTEM 1. What does the nervous system do? a. pump blood b. gather and interpret information c. digest food d. eliminate
More informationCells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism. A collection of the same type of cells working together to perform a function.
Name the 5 Basic Levels of Organization in Living Things Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism What is HOMEOSTASIS? The process by which your body maintains a stable internal environment. What is
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 37. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 37 35-3 Divisions of the Nervous 2 of 37 The Nervous The human nervous system has two major divisions: central nervous system peripheral nervous system 3 of 37 The Central Nervous The Central
More informationThe Human Body: An Orientation
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Human Body: An Orientation 1 PART A The Human Body An Orientation Anatomy Study of the structure
More informationNervous System Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory System
Nervous System Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Circulatory System Respiratory System Digestive System Excretory System Endocrine System Reproductive System Lymphatic/Immune Systems
More informationComposed by Natalia Leonidovna Svintsitskaya, Associate professor of the Chair of Human Anatomy, Candidate of Medicine
Theoretical background to the study of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Features of the structure, function Composed by Natalia Leonidovna
More informationGymnázium, Brno, Slovanské nám. 7, WORKBOOK - Biology WORKBOOK. Student:
WORKBOOK http://agb.gymnaslo.cz Subject: Teacher: Student: Biology Iva Kubištová.. School year:../ This material was prepared with using http://biologygmh.com/ Topics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Nervous system, Senses,
More informationM1. (a) (concentration high) in the hepatic portal vein is blood with glucose absorbed from the intestine 1
M. (a) (concentration high) in the hepatic portal vein is blood with glucose absorbed from the intestine concentration is lower in the hepatic vein because insulin (has caused) glucose to be converted
More informationHomeostasis. Name (2) A response is caused when information in the nervous system reaches an effector.
Homeostasis. Name. Thornton College Q.This question is about the nervous system. (a) Describe the function of receptors in the skin............. (2) (b) A response is caused when information in the nervous
More informationWhat two body systems work together to carry Out regulation?
What is regulation? -The process by which organisms maintain, control, and coordinate their internal environment with a constantly changing external environment -It is all of the activities that help to
More informationBy Helen and Mark Warner
By Helen and Mark Warner www.teachingpacks.co.uk Teaching Packs - The Human Body - Page 1 Image ThinkStock In this section, you will learn about... 1. The major systems and organs in the human body. 2.
More informationPNUR 101: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (48 Hours)
PNUR 101: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (48 Hours) COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is an introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the human body. Learners will explore the structure and function of the major
More informationLaughter and the Body Systems
Laughter and the Body Systems Laughter causes the lungs to pump out carbon dioxide, the eyes to cleanse themselves with tears, the muscles to relax, the flow of adrenaline to increase, and the cardiovascular
More informationsensory input receptors integration Human Anatomy motor output Ch. 7 effectors Structural classification
Human Anatomy Ch. 7 I. The Nervous System A. General characteristics 1. body s control & communication center a. 3 overlapping functions 1) sensory input: receptors monitor stimuli 2) integration: processes,
More informationChapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation
Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation A. Terminology I. AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1. Anatomy: To Cut. No analyzing involved. - where things are, how connect to each other - Gross vs. microscopic
More informationObjectives. Objectives 9/11/2012. Chapter 7 Body Systems. Define term connective tissue. Identify five body cavities
Chapter 7 Body Systems Objectives Define term connective tissue Identify five body cavities Define terms joints, cartilage, ligaments, tendons Identify two major divisions of skeletal system and describe
More informationHomeostasis and Osmoregulation
Homeostasis and Osmoregulation Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Homeostasis refers to the relatively stable state inside the body of an animal. Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external
More informationOverview of Physiology. Homeostasis
Overview of Physiology Homeostasis Life s Challenges Nutrients Oxygen Water Temperature regulation Atmospheric pressure Life s Challenges Homeostasis Responding to life s challenges (Maintaining a stable
More informationNervous System. Functions Controls all body s functions Senses and recognizes information from inside and outside of the body
Human Body Systems Nervous System Functions Controls all body s functions Senses and recognizes information from inside and outside of the body Nervous System Main Parts Brain Nerves Spinal cord What it
More informationLab Homeostasis in Systems Feedback Mechanisms
Name: SHS Living Environment Date: Lab Homeostasis in Systems Feedback Mechanisms Introduction: Homeostasis a stable internal environment (equilibrium). How does our body maintain homeostasis? Through
More information5. Maintaining the internal environment. Homeostasis
5. Maintaining the internal environment Homeostasis Blood and tissue fluid derived from blood, flow around or close to all cells in the body. Blood and tissue fluid form the internal environment of the
More informationBiology Anatomy and Physiology I. Learn and Understand. What is Biology? bios = life -ology = study of
Biology 2331 Anatomy and Physiology I "If you want something you've never had, then you've got to do something you've never done." Learn and Understand A new language At this stage, science drives the
More informationBiology 3201 Nervous System #2- Anatomy. Components of a Nervous System
Biology 3201 Nervous System #2- Anatomy Components of a Nervous System In any nervous system, there are 4 main components: (1) sensors: gather information from the external environment (sense organs) (2)
More informationHomeostasis. - Homeostasis literally means same state and it refers to the process of keeping the internal body environment in a steady state.
www.sureshkumarbio.wordpress.com Form 4 : Chapter 2 : Cell Structure and Cell Organisation Homeostasis - Homeostasis literally means same state and it refers to the process of keeping the internal body
More informationHomeostasis involves maintaining the volume, chemical make up and other factors of blood and tissue fluid within restricted limits and set-points.
= The maintenance of a constant internal environment Homeostasis involves maintaining the volume, chemical make up and other factors of blood and tissue fluid within restricted limits and set-points. The
More informationSystem Name: INTEGUMENTARY (cell wall) (Lysosomes) Main Organs: Main Organs: SKIN HAIR NAILS KIDNEYS URETERS BLADDER URETHRA
URINARY System Name: (Lysosomes) KIDNEYS URETERS BLADDER URETHRA LUNGS SKIN EXCRETORY System Name: INTEGUMENTARY (cell wall) SKIN HAIR NAILS Skin is the largest Organ. The excretory system collects and
More informationBody control systems. Nervous system. Organization of Nervous Systems. The Nervous System. Two types of cells. Organization of Nervous System
Body control systems Nervous system Nervous system Quick Sends message directly to target organ Endocrine system Sends a hormone as a messenger to the target organ Slower acting Longer lasting response
More informationAutonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System Keri Muma Bio 6 Organization of the Nervous System Efferent Division Somatic Nervous System Voluntary control Effector = skeletal muscles Muscles must be excited by a motor neuron
More informationThe Autonomic Nervous
Autonomic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous Assess Prof. Fawzia Al-Rouq System Department of Physiology College of Medicine King Saud University LECTUR (1) Functional Anatomy & Physiology of Autonomic
More informationChapter 22. The Nervous and Endocrine Systems Worksheets. 561
Chapter 22 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems Worksheets (Opening image copyright by Sebastian Kaulitzki, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com.) Lesson 22.1: The Nervous System Lesson 22.2: The
More informationThe Digestive System: to convert food particles into simpler micro molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body
Body Systems The Digestive System: to convert food particles into simpler micro molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body Major Organs and their Functions: Mouth to chew
More informationGlossary. Maintain keep up. Constant the same. Internal inside the body. Environment surroundings of the body.
Homeostasis Glossary Maintain keep up. Constant the same. Internal inside the body. Environment surroundings of the body. What is Homeostasis? Body cells work best if they have the correct Temperature
More informationOrgans and Systems Organ: System:
3.2 Organ Systems Organs and Systems Organ: a combination of several types of tissues working together to perform a specific function System: a group of tissues and organs that perform specific functions
More informationClass X: Biology. Chapter 2: Control and coordination.
Class X: Biology Chapter 2: Control and coordination. Chapter Notes Key learnings: 1) A system of control and coordination is essential in living organisms so that the different body parts can function
More informationThe Nervous System. Chapter 35: Biology II
The Nervous System Chapter 35: Biology II Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy: the study of structure Physiology: The study of how living organisms function, including such processes as nutrition, movement,
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.)
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: ( Division B) Boyceville Invite Dec. 3, 2016 (50pts.) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following statements
More informationNerves and Digestion. Chapter 6, Lesson 3
Nerves and Digestion Chapter 6, Lesson 3 Do Now. In your own words (without the book), answer the following questions. 1. What is the nervous system? 2. What are the cells called that make up the nervous
More informationUnit 4 Homeostasis. The term homeostasis refers to the body s attempt. Your body systems must to maintain a stable internal environment -
Unit 4 Homeostasis The term homeostasis refers to the body s attempt Your body systems must to maintain a stable internal environment - The body is trying to maintain, through a series of monitored adjustments.
More information