2. Why? 3, What is the independent variable? 4. Why?

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Lambert Adams
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1 Let s Graph Introduction Graphing is an important procedure used by scientists to display the data that is collected during a controlled experiment. Line graphs must be constructed correctly to accurately portray the data collected. Many times the wrong construction of a graph detracts from the acceptance of an individuals hypothesis. A graph contains five major parts: 1. Title: Depicts what the graph is about. By reading the title, 1he reader should get an idea about the graph. It should be a concise statement placed above the graph. 2. Independent Variable: Is the variable that can be controlled by the experimenter. It usually includes time (dates, minutes, hours), depth (feet, meters), temperature (Celsius). This variable is placed on the X axis (horizontal axis). 3. Dependent Variable: Is the variable that is directly affected by the independent variable. It is the result of what happens because of the independent variable. Example: How many oxygen bubbles are produced by a plant located five meters below the surface of the water? The oxygen bubbles are dependent on the depth of the water. This variable is placed on the Y axis or vertical axis. 4. Scales for each Variable: In constructing a graph one needs to know where to plot the points representing the data. In order to do this a scale that include all the data points must be used. The scales should start with 0 and climb based on intervals such as: multiples of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, or 100. The scale of numbers will be dictated by your data values. 5.Legend: Is a short descriptive narrative concerning the graph's data. It should be short and concise and placed under the graph. Part 1a: Using the following data, answer the questions below and then construct a line graph. Depth in meters Number of Bubbles per minute Plant A Number of Bubbles per minute Plant B What is the dependent variable? 2. Why? 3. What is the independent variable? 4 Why? 5. What title would you give the graph? 6. What is the mean, median and mode of all 3 columns of data? Mean Median Mode Depth Bubbles Plant A Bubbles Plant B Part 1b: Diabetes is a disease affecting the insulin producing glands of the pancreas. If there is not enough Insulin being produced by these cells, the amount of glucose in the blood will remain high. A blood glucose level above 140 for an extended period of time is not considered normal. This disease, if not brought under control, can lead to sever complications and even death. Answer the following questions concerning the data below and then graph it. Time after eating in hours Glucose ml/l of Blood person A Glucose ml/l of Blood person B What is the dependent variable? 2. Why? 3, What is the independent variable? 4. Why?

Mean Median Mode Hours after eating Glucose level person A Glucose level person B Part 1c: Summary 1. What conclusions can be determined from the data in graph 1? 2.

2 5. What title would you give the graph? 6. Which, if any, of the above individuals has diabetes? 7, What data do you have to support your hypothesis? 8. If the time period was extended to 6 hours, what would the expected blood glucose level for Person B? 9. What is the mean, median and mode of all 3 columns of data? Mean Median Mode Hours after eating Glucose level person A Glucose level person B Part 1c: Summary 1. What conclusions can be determined from the data in graph 1? 2. What conclusions can be determined from the data in graph 2? 3. Can the data in each of these graphs be used to construct other types of graphs? 4. If so, what other graph types can be constructed? Part 2: Bar Graphs Bar graphs can be either vertical or horizontal. There may be just one bar or more than one bar for each interval. Sometimes each bar is divided into two or more parts. In thissection, you will work with a variety of bar graphs. Be sure to read all titles, keys, and labels to completely understand all the data that is presented. Answer the questions about each graph below. 1. Which country has over 1 billion people? 2. How many countries have less than 200,000,000 people? 3. How many more people does India have than Japan? 4. If you added together the populations of the USA, Brazil, Russia, and Japan, would it corm closer to the population of India or China?

5. How many of last year s 6 th graders made C s in math? 6. How many more math students made B s in the 7 th grade than in the 8 th grade? 7. Which letter grade is the mode of the data? 8. How many 8 th graders took math last year?

3 5. How many of last year s 6 th graders made C s in math? 6. How many more math students made B s in the 7 th grade than in the 8 th grade? 7. Which letter grade is the mode of the data? 8. How many 8 th graders took math last year? 9. How many students made A s in math last year? Part 3: Line Graphs Line graphs often show how data changes over time. Study the line graph below charting temperature changes for a day in Sandy, Nevada. Then answer the questions that follow. 1. When was the coolest time of the day? 2. When was the hottest time of the day? 3. How much did the temperature rise between 6:00 a.m., and 2:00 p.m.? 4. How much did the temperature drop between 6:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m.? 5. What is the difference in temperature between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.? 6. Between which two hour time period was the greatest increase in temperature? 7. Between which hours of the day did the temperature continually increase? 8. Between which two hours of the day did the temperature change the least? 9. How much did the temperature decrease from 2:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.? 10. During which two times of day was the temperature 70 F? Part 4: Multi-line graphs Multiple line graphs are a way to present a large quantity of data In a small space. It would often take several paragraphs to explain in words the same information that one graph could do. On the graph below, there are three lines. You will need to read the key to understand the meaning of each. Use the graph on tomatoes to answer the questions. 1. In what year did Barnwell's Farm produce 8,000pounds of tomatoes more than Talbot's Farm? 2. In which year did Dayville County produce the most pounds of tomatoes? 3, In 1993, how many more pounds of tomatoes did Barnwell's Farm produce than Talbot's Farm? 4. How many pounds of tomatoes did Dayville County's three farms produce in 1992? 5. In which year did Dayville County produce the least pounds of tomatoes? 6. Which farm had the most dramatic increase in production from one year to the next? 7. How many more pounds of tomatoes did Jefferson's Farm produce in 1992 than in 1988? 8. Which farm produced the most pounds of tomatoes in 1995?

Use the circle graphs below to answer the questions. The first question is worked for you as an example. 1.

4 Part 5: Circle Graphs Circle graphs represent data expressed in percentages of a total. The pans in a circle graph should always add up to 100%. Circle graphs are sometimes called pie graphs or pie charts, To figure the value of a percent in a circle graph, multiply the percent by the total. Use the circle graphs below to answer the questions. The first question is worked for you as an example. 1. How much did Tina spend each month on music CD s $80 x 0.29 = $ How much did Tina spend each month on make-up? 3. how much did Tina spend each month on clothes? 4. How much did Tina spend each month on snacks?

4 Zac 8 6 7 4 1. How many points did the Knights basketball team score in game 1? 2.

5 For 5-10 complete the chart Part 6: Review Knights Basketball Points Scored Player Game 1 Game 2 Game 3 Game 4 Joey Jason Brandon Ned Austin David Zac How many points did the Knights basketball team score in game 1? 2. How many more points did David score in game 3 than in game 1? 3. How many points did Jason score in the first 4 games?

How many more hours of daylight does a person at 60ºN latitude have on June 21st than a person at 60ºS latitude? 9.

6 4. By how many is Asia's population predicted to increase between 1990 and 2025? 5. In 1990, how much larger was Africa's population than Europe's? 6. Where is the population expected to more than double between 1990 and 2025? 7. On June21st, how many hours of daylight are available at the equator? 8. How many more hours of daylight does a person at 60ºN latitude have on June 21st than a person at 60ºS latitude? 9. Where would a person experience an entire 24 hours of daylight on December 21st? 10. Which category given in the pie chart represents the greatest number of known living species? 11. Of the 1,413,00 known living species, how many are viruses? 12. Of the total 1,413,000 known living species, how many are insects?

The graph should contain 5 major parts: the title, the independent variable, the dependent variable, the scales for each variable, and a legend.

The graph should contain 5 major parts: the title, the independent variable, the dependent variable, the scales for each variable, and a legend. BLIZZARD BAG #2 Please complete the activity below. You will need to print out this activity sheet (pages 2-5 only) OR Write out the answers on a separate piece of paper and graph on a piece of graphing