COMPARISON OF CIRCUIT TRAINING METHODS ON PERFORMANCE VARIABLES OF SC/ST NON-SC/ST BOYS

Transcription

1 220 ABSTRACT COMPARISON OF CIRCUIT TRAINING METHODS ON PERFORMANCE VARIABLES OF SC/ST NON-SC/ST BOYS JYOTI M.REDDY* *Physical Director, Government First Grade College, Chincholi , Gulbarga, Karnataka. Sixty students were randomly selected from secondary schools. Out of them, SC/ST students were 30 and non-sc/st students were 30 in number. Then 30 SC/ST students were divided into three groups, named as Continuous Circuit Training Group (CCT), Interval Circuit Training Group (ICT) and Control Group (CT). Another 30 non-sc/st students were divided into same like SC/ST group. After dividing into six groups, experimental treatments i.e. Continuous Circuit Training Method and Interval Circuit Training Method were applied to CCT and ICT groups only. Criterion measures were 50m run, shuttle run, standing broad jump, cooper s 12 minutes Run and walk and 800m run for middle distance running performance. Treatments were applied 3 days per week for 8 weeks only. The subjects were tested pre-test and post-test. After collection of and scores I analyzed scored results, collected from different groups by using statistical methods and the results are presented in this article. KEYWORD: CCT, ICT, CT. 1. INTRODUCTION Fundamental movements of man, which they have achieved from their pre-human ancestors, are walking, running, jumping, climbing, throwing, pulling, pushing etc. By permutation and combination of these basic fundamental movements, man has developed various secondary movements essential for day-to-day living and for the use in games and sports. Physical fitness is important for all human beings, irrespective of their age. A given work may not be carried out if the required physical strength is not available. Fitness is the first & foremost thing to enjoy the life fully. Sports is a specific form of culture, an aspect of the cultural activity of society, a component of improving the general health and developing the physical abilities and physical fitness of the growing and adult population. Some authors have suggested that endurance training in children will not increase the dimensional and functional components of maximum aerobic power (Vo 2 max) beyond the increase associated with growth. Others have, however, suggested that vigorous physical training at childhood and adolescence has positive effects not only on the components of Vo 2 max, but also favourably alters body composition, muscular strength and endurance.

2 221 Success in competitive sports and games can be attributed to many factors, training being one of the most important factors. Different training methods have been commonly used to improve physical fitness and its related standards of performance of athletes. Success in competitive sports and games can be attributed to many factors, training being one of the most important factors. Different training methods have been commonly used to improve physical fitness and its related standards of performance of athletes. The training methods include,- Interval training method, Fartlek training method, Circuit training method, Continuous training method. Weight training method Altitude training method Resistance training method Hypoxic training method Alternate pace running method etc. Circuit training is probably the most common training regime used by a wide range of sports and activities in order to improve performance. A circuit consists of a number of different stations at which the athlete performs a given exercise as many times as possible within a given time period. When the time is completed the individual moves on to next station & performs a different exercise for a similar period of time and so on around the various stations. Circuit training is designed to develop cardio-respiratory endurance as well as flexibility strength and mascular endurance in essential muscle groups. It is an efficient training method in terms of gain made in a short time. Circuit training can provide vigorous activity in a number of fitness and motor ability activities and is aimed at developing all the basic physical fitness components performed in an interesting and imaginative fashion. Circuit training is commonly used in two types as 1. Continuous Circuit Training 2. Interval Circuit Training. Sixty students (30 SC/ST and 30 non-tribal) of 12 to 15 years age group of secondary School students were divided into six groups. Out of these, three groups are SC/ST boys and other three groups are non-sc/st boys. All subjects were initially tested to measure their

3 222 performance in 800 M run and other variables. After conducting initial test, the SC/ST subjects were assigned to two experimental groups and one control group of ten subjects each on the basis of their Mean & Standard deviation in 800 M performance. Same process was applied in forming groups for non-sc/st subjects. Treatments were randomly assigned to two groups, while the other group was acted as a control. Experimental Group I was put into continuous circuit training (C.C.T.), Experimental Group II to Interval circuit training (I.C.T.) and group C to Control ( C ).Third group performed the routine programme of daily school life only. MODEL OF CIRCUIT TRAINING EXERCISES USED AS FOLLOWS Step ups for feet & legs 1. Burpee for whole body Push ups for arms & back Hyperextension Of back for back & abdomen 7. Lean back Squat for legs & 3. back Triceps extension For Arms. 6. Squat thrust for arms, back 4. & legs. 5. Sit ups (bent knee) for Abdomen & Lower back APPLICATION OF TREATMENTS In the present study two experimental treatments in the form of Continuous and Interval circuit training method were applied to two different experimental groups named as Continuous circuit training group and Interval circuit training group for SC/STboys. The same process followed in case of non-sc/stops. The selection of items were done as per professor Dr. Winfried Joch DL V Lehrwert

4 223 EXERCISES FOR CONTINUOUS AND INTERVAL CIRCUIT TRAINING 1 st Station - Step ups - 24 Repetitions 2 nd Station - Push ups - 12 Repetitions 3 rd Station - Lean back squat - 15 Repetitions 4 th Station - Squat thrust - 20 Repetitions 5 th Station - Sit ups (Bent Knees) - 15 Repetitions 6 th Station - Triceps extension - 20 Repetitions 7 th Station - Hyper extension of Back - 16 Repetitions 8 th Station - Burpee - 10 Repetitions Above mentioned exercises were used by all treatment groups of SC/ST and non-sc/st boys according to Continuous and Interval method. Pan and Samanta (1990) conducted a study with 30 secondary school boys of age group 14 to 16 years. Treatments were applied as Interval training, continuous training & control for six weeks. Results revealed that performance in 800 M run increased significantly at 0.05 level with the application of training methods but no significance was found in cardio-respiratory endurance, 50 M run and Resting heart rate. 2. RESULT AND DISCUSSION All the results regarding the effect of circuit training methods are included in the following figures (1-5) and in the table (1A and 1B) FIG-1: GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MEANS OF PRE-TEST AND POST- TEST SCORES ON 50M RUN OF SC/ST AND NON-SC/ST BOYS UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS

5 FIG-2: GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MEANS OF PRE-TEST AND POST- TEST SCORES ON SHUTTLE RUN OF SC/ST AND NON-SC/ST BOYS UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS FIG- 3: GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MEANS OF PRE-TEST AND POST- TEST SCORES ON SANDING BROAD JUMP OF SC/ST AND NON-SC/ST BOYS UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS

6 FIG -4: GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MEANS OF PRE-TEST SCORES ON 800 M RUN OF SC/ST AND NON-SC/ST BOYS UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS FIG-5: GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MEANS OF PRE-TEST SCORES ON COOPER S 12 MINUTE RUN-WALK TEST OF SC/ST AND NON-SC/ST BOYS UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS

7 226 TABLE 1: ANCOVA FOR MEAN SCORES ON 50M RUN, SHUTTLE RUN, STANDING BROAD JUMP, 800 M RUN, COOPER S 12 MINUTE RUN WALK OF SC/ST& NON-SC/ST BOYS A. SC/STBOYS Variables Source Variation of Df SS MS. F- value 50 M Run B * W Shuttle Run B NS W S.B.J. B NS W M Run B * W Cooper s Test B NS W B. NON-SC/ST BOYS Variables Source Variation of Df SS MS. F- value 50 M Run B NS W Shuttle Run B * W S.B.J. B NS

8 227 W M Run Cooper s Test B NS W B NS W CONCLUSION On the basis of the analytical estimate of the results and within the limitations of the present study, the following conclusions have been drawn- On 50 M Run, Shuttle Run, Standing Broad Jump, 800 M. Run and Cooper s 12 minute Walk-Run test. Due to Continuous & Interval circuit training methods applied to SC/ST and non-sc/st boys the performance in 50M. run for speed improved in general i.e. the subjects complete the distance in less time. But statistically significant result obtained in 50 M run through Interval circuit training method for SC/ST boys only. Both SC/ST and non-sc/st boys improved their performance on shuttle run performance (agility) in general through continuous and Interval circuit training methods, though statistically significant result was obtained through continuous and Interval circuit training methods in case of non-sc/st only. In standing broad jump performance (leg strength) both the SC/ST and non-sc/st boys enhanced the distance through continuous and Interval training methods, though the result was statistical insignificant. In 800 M. run both the SC/ST and non-sc/st boys showed general improvement in performance. Statistically significant improvement in 800 M performance was noticed in SC/ST boys the application of continuous circuit training method. In Cooper s 12 minute Run-walk-test for cardio-respiratory endurance showed slight improvement in gaining distance through continuous circuit training and Interval circuit training methods, but they are not statistically significant. Circuit training methods is a very good training for improvement of athletes performance. Circuit training is designed to develop cardio-respiratory endurance as well as flexibility,

9 228 strength and muscular endurance in essential muscle groups. Circuit training is an efficient training method in terms of gain made in a short time. 4. REFERENCES 1. Annarne A. Antong, Developmental Conditioning for Physical Education and Athletics, Saint Louis : The C. V. Mosby Company, Fox E.L., Bowers R.W., Foss M.L.; The Physiological Basis of Physical Education and Athletics,4 th ed.; Dubuque, lowa.: Wcb: W.m.C. Brown Publishers, Clarke, D.H. and Clarke, H.H.; Research Processes in Physical Education, 2 nd ed.; New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, Clarke D. H. and Clarke H.H. Advanced Statistics with application to Physical Education, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice Hall Mc., Howell, Hodgson and soreson, Effects of Circuit Training on the Modified Harvard step Test, Research Quarterly 1:59, March, Jarver, J. Middle Distances,2 nd ed., Tafnews press. 6. Schmolinsky G.et.al.; Track and Field, Berlin : Leipzig, Sportverlag, Adeniran, S.A. and Toriola, A.L.; Effects of continuous and Interval Running programmes on Aerobic and Anaerobic capacities in school girls Aged 13 to 17 years, The journal of sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 28(3), September, Howell, Hodgson and soreson, Effects of Circuit Training on the Modified Harvard step Test, Research Quarterly 1:59, March, Ramon Richard, Effects of Circuit Training on Speed, Endurance and Striking ability of Footballers, Completed Research in Health Physical Education and Recreation, 3, Pan, S.R.; Comparative Effects of Interval and Continuous Circuit Training Methods on Middle Distance Running Performance, Cardio-Respiratory Endurance, Speed and Agility on Secondary School SC/STBoys, Unpublished M. Phil Dissertation, Alagappa University, 1999.