US of Neurovascular Occlusive Disease: Interpretive Pearls and Pitfalls 1
|
|
- Hillary Dixon
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EDUCATION EXHIBIT 1165 US of Neurovascular Occlusive Disease: Interpretive Pearls and Pitfalls 1 CME FEATURE See accompanying test at /education /rg_cme.html LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR TEST 5 After reading this article and taking the test, the reader will be able to: Recognize abnormal spectral configuration patterns associated with various stenotic lesions or anatomic variations. Discuss the importance of detecting incongruities between PSV findings and B-mode images in cases of critical stenosis. Discuss the value of indirect tests (eg, transcranial and periorbital Doppler US) in evaluation of carotid artery disease. Javier M. Romero, MD Michael H. Lev, MD Suk-Tak Chan, PhD Molly M. Connelly, BA Ryan C. Curiel, SB Anna E. Jackson, AB R. Gilberto Gonzalez, MD, PhD Robert H. Ackerman, MD, MPH Ultrasonography (US) of the head and neck is a convenient but operator-dependent screening tool for detection and diagnosis of neurovascular occlusive disease. In US examination of the extracranial carotid arteries, stenosis is most commonly graded according to the peak systolic Doppler velocity in the region of maximal luminal narrowing rather than according to the percentage of atheromatous plaque occupying the lumen. However, the peak systolic velocity is not always reliable in estimation of the degree of stenosis. General diagnostic pitfalls include technical difficulties with scanning, failure to review the spectral waveform patterns, the presence of additional stenotic lesions, and anatomic variants. Specific examples of pitfalls include tandem lesions, differentiation of pseudo-occlusion from true total occlusion, pseudonormalization of velocities in cases of very severe stenosis, lesions of the carotid artery origin or aortic valve, progression of subclavian steal, underestimation of severe stenosis due to heavily calcified plaque, a persistent trigeminal artery, and contralateral carotid artery stenosis. Although conventional angiography remains the standard of reference for assessment of carotid artery disease, recognition of these common sources of error in US can improve the accuracy of this noninvasive test in diagnosis of carotid artery occlusion. RSNA, 2002 Abbreviations: CCA common carotid artery, ICA internal carotid artery, PSV peak systolic velocity Index terms: Carotid arteries, stenosis or obstruction, , Carotid arteries, US, , Subclavian steal syndrome, Ultrasound (US), Doppler studies, , Vertebral arteries, US, ; 22: From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.R., M.H.L., M.M.C., R.C.C., A.E.J., R.G.G., R.H.A.) and Neurology (R.H.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114; and the Department of Optometry and Radiography, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (S.T.C.). Presented as an education exhibit at the 2001 RSNA scientific assembly. Received January 21, 2002; revision requested March 6 and received April 1; accepted April 1. Address correspondence to M.H.L. ( mlev@partners.org). RSNA, 2002
2 1166 September-October 2002 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Introduction Although conventional angiography is the standard of reference for assessing carotid artery disease (1,2), neurovascular ultrasonography (US) is an important and widely accepted technique for screening patients with extracranial arterial stenoses due to atheromatous disease (3). Nevertheless, neurovascular US is subject to a number of interpretive pitfalls that may not be well appreciated by inexperienced operators. The degree of carotid and vertebral artery stenosis is estimated on the basis of direct Doppler measurements of flow velocities in the vascular lumen, although the precise peak systolic velocity (PSV) cutoff values and ratios used to define a hemodynamically significant lesion are controversial and can vary between centers (4,5). Reliance on direct visualization of vessel anatomy with B-mode US to grade stenosis is perilous and has even greater variability (3). For these reasons, transcranial or periorbital Doppler examinations (referred to in this article as indirect tests) are useful ancillary screening examinations for accurate diagnosis of significant extracranial carotid artery stenosis. These tests examine the distal flow effects caused by stenotic lesions and therefore are often useful for accurate determination of residual lumen diameter and percent stenosis (6,7). In our experience, careful review of all US data, including not only PSVs and end diastolic velocities but also spectral configuration, B-mode images, and indirect measurements, is typically required to avoid misinterpretation. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review a spectrum of interpretive pitfalls in US evaluation of the carotid and vertebral arteries, which may result in incorrect assessment of the degree or location of arterial stenoses. Recognition of these common sources of error can improve the accuracy of US in diagnosis of neurovascular occlusive disease. Specific topics discussed are tandem lesions, pseudo-occlusion versus true total occlusion, critical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis with velocities falling off, lesions of the common carotid artery (CCA) origin or aortic valve, progression of subclavian steal, length of calcified atheromatous plaque, abnormally low resistance waveforms and persistent trigeminal artery, and contralateral carotid artery stenosis. Tandem Lesions Infrequently, despite the finding of a severe arterial stenosis at B-mode imaging, the velocities and spectral configuration of the poststenotic segment are normal or only slightly abnormal (Figs 1, 2). This can occur in cases where an additional severe stenosis, downstream from the imaged lesion, causes dampening of the PSV in the vascular segment between the two lesions. When such tandem lesions are suspected on the basis of discordance between B-mode findings and Doppler Figure 1. Tandem lesions in a 75-year-old woman who experienced a presyncopal episode. (a) Longitudinal B- mode color flow US image of the proximal right ICA shows heterogeneously calcified plaque (arrows) with apparent moderate to severe luminal narrowing. (b) Transverse color flow US image shows heavily calcified plaque with shadowing of the ICA lumen. ECA external carotid artery. (c) Duplex US image shows a normal pulsed wave Doppler PSV of less than 100 cm/sec at the right ICA plaque. This velocity is inconsistent with the severity of the stenosis suggested by B-mode color flow imaging, although the spectral broadening raises the question of a proximal lesion. Transcranial Doppler US demonstrated reversal of blood flow in the ipsilateral A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and the ophthalmic artery; this result was also inconsistent with the PSV. These findings prompted performance of computed tomographic (CT) angiography to confirm the suspicion of a more severe stenosis or a tandem lesion. (d) Axial CT angiographic source image shows a severe stenosis of the proximal right ICA (arrow), which is consistent with the B-mode color flow imaging findings but not with the Doppler velocity measurements. (e) Curved reformatted CT angiogram of the right ICA shows the severe proximal stenosis (arrowhead). The absence of an elevated PSV at Doppler US is explained by the presence of a severe downstream tandem stenosis of the cavernous segment of the right ICA (arrow).
3 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Romero et al 1167
4 1168 September-October 2002 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Figure 2. Tandem lesions in a 77-year-old man with an acute stroke in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery. (a) Longitudinal color flow US image shows severe atheromatous disease in the proximal right ICA. However, pulsed wave Doppler velocities from the same vascular segment are within the normal range. (b) Curved reformatted CT angiogram of the right ICA shows a severe proximal stenosis (arrow). (c) Curved reformatted CT angiogram shows occlusion of the proximal right middle cerebral artery (arrow). This tandem lesion, which is downstream from the extracranial stenosis, explains the discordance between the B-mode color flow imaging findings and the Doppler velocity findings in the proximal right ICA. velocity measurements, transcranial Doppler US, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the circle of Willis, CT angiography, or conventional angiography should be performed. Also, spectral broadening without elevated velocities can be an indication of a proximal stenosis (Fig 1c). Tandem lesions are defined as stenoses that occur at more than one level, at least 3 cm apart, along the course of the carotid artery (8,9). When two stenotic lesions are present, the one with greater narrowing is the critical determinant of hemodynamic compromise. Because such lesions commonly occur intracranially at the carotid siphon or cavernous carotid artery, they may be overlooked if the US evaluation is restricted to the cervical carotid artery, resulting in underestimation of the degree of proximal ICA stenosis.
5 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Romero et al 1169 Figure 3. Pseudo-occlusion in an 84-year-old man with syncope. (a) Longitudinal US image shows absence of color flow signal and Doppler flow within the right ICA, an appearance suggestive of a complete vascular occlusion. (b) Axial CT angiographic source image of the right ICA, obtained at the point of maximal stenosis, shows a patent hairline residual lumen (arrow). (c) Axial CT angiographic source image of a more distal extracranial segment of the same vessel shows the slim sign (arrow), thus confirming flow through the distal ICA. Pseudo-occlusion versus True Total Occlusion When color flow images fail to demonstrate signal or Doppler shift within the ICA, a complete vascular occlusion may be present (Fig 3) (12). However, because routine US may be insensitive for the detection of very slow flow in the presence of a critical stenosis, the possibility of a hairline residual lumen or pseudo-occlusion must also be considered. Although inappropriately low color gain settings can result in a pseudo-occlusion being incorrectly interpreted as a complete occlusion, the use of maximum gain settings can increase image noise, improving sensitivity but decreasing specificity (8,9). Gain should therefore be set to the maximum possible level that avoids image noise, with pulse repetition and filter settings lowered for the detection of slow flow. Newer techniques, such as power Doppler US which is less velocity dependent than color flow Doppler US may improve visualization of vascular flow in cases of high-grade stenosis (10).
6 1170 September-October 2002 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Figure 4. Left ICA stenosis in a 64-year-old man with right hemiplegia and aphasia. (a) Longitudinal B-mode color flow US image shows hypoechoic atheromatous plaque in the proximal left ICA (arrow), an appearance suggestive of severe stenosis. (b) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the proximal left ICA shows a delayed, curved systolic upstroke. The PSV of 87 cm/sec, which is within normal limits, is discordant with the findings on the B-mode color flow image (a). Results of subsequent transcranial Doppler examination together with the B-mode US and waveform findings suggested the presence of a very severe left ICA stenosis with velocities pseudonormalizing (falling off). (c) Two-dimensional maximum intensity projection image from a CT angiographic data set shows a very severe stenosis of the proximal left ICA (arrow) with a slim sign in the distal ICA. Despite the use of optimal US technique, however, CT or conventional angiography may be required to definitively distinguish a pseudo-occlusion from a true total occlusion (3). Although CT angiography is highly accurate for this determination (11), conventional arteriography is still considered the standard of reference for distinguishing a pseudo-occlusion from a true total occlusion (1,2). Critical ICA Stenosis with Pseudonormalizing Velocities PSVs in the normal range do not preclude a critical ICA stenosis. As a severe stenosis worsens and approaches a hairline residual lumen, previously elevated intraluminal flow velocities may begin to fall off or pseudonormalize. Normal or decreased peak velocities with a slow systolic upstroke may become apparent at, and distal to, the point of maximal stenosis (Fig 4), violating the principle that velocity is directly proportional to the degree of stenosis. The waveform changes associated with falling off (3) of velocities in the setting of a critical stenosis (typically a 0.7-mm residual lumen diameter) may be subtle or absent, and therefore a high index of suspicion for performing indirect tests in clinically symptomatic patients should be present (4). Typically, blood flow in the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery and across the anterior communicating artery is reversed in such cases. Thus, periorbital and transcranial Doppler US (or phase-contrast MR angiography of the circle of Willis, which also shows flow direction) may be of value in suggesting the presence of a critical proximal lesion. CT or conventional arteriography is required to definitively establish the degree of stenosis. Lesions of the CCA Origin or Aortic Valve Although the great vessel origins are typically too deep to be directly insonated by using standard neck US, origin stenoses can sometimes be inferred from their distal waveform patterns. Specifically, in a CCA with a severe proximal stenosis, PSVs may be dampened along the entire vessel length, with slow upstroke on Doppler waveforms relative to those of corresponding levels from the contralateral normal CCA and ICA (Fig 5a 5d). Origin stenoses are the second most
7 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Romero et al 1171 Figure 5. (a d) Stenosis of the CCA origin in a 72-year-old man with a history of transient speech disturbance. (a) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the left CCA shows that the velocities are within normal limits; however, there is a slow systolic upstroke with dampened waveforms. The peak velocities at every level were lower than those of the normal right CCA. (b) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the left ICA also shows lower velocities and sluggish waveforms compared with those of the normal right ICA (c). (c) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the right ICA, obtained at the same level as in b, shows normal waveforms and velocities. The relatively diminished velocities and dampened waveforms throughout the course of the left carotid artery suggest the presence of a more proximal severe stenosis. (d) Gadolinium-enhanced cervical MR angiogram shows a severe stenosis at the origin of the left CCA (arrow). (e) Duplex US image of a patient with aortic insufficiency. Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the CCA shows a characteristic pronounced diastolic notch (arrow).
8 1172 September-October 2002 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Figure 6. Subclavian steal in a 75-year-old man who ultimately developed a 28 mm Hg difference in systolic blood pressure between the right and left arms (lower in the right arm than in the left). (a) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the middle segment of the right cervical vertebral artery shows a midsystolic notch (arrowhead), which suggests a mild degree of subclavian steal. (b) Follow-up pulsed wave Doppler spectrum obtained 2 years later shows a more pronounced systolic notch, which indicates progression of stenosis. The result is increased subclavian steal. (c) Follow-up pulsed wave Doppler spectrum obtained 1 year after b shows partial reversal of vertebral artery flow. (d) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the proximal right subclavian artery shows abnormally elevated velocities compared with those of more distal segments. frequent CCA lesions, after bifurcation atheromas, and can be an important source of occult stroke. Owing to dampening of the velocity waveforms downstream from these stenotic sites, review of both the amplitude and shape of the distal spectra can aid in detection of severe proximal stenoses of the CCAs. Note that aortic stenosis can produce a similar dampened waveform pattern, although this pattern would be present bilaterally throughout the neurovascular system. Aortic insufficiency, unlike aortic stenosis, results in a characteristic spectral configuration pattern with a pronounced diastolic notch (Fig 5e). Progression of Subclavian Steal Early subclavian steal may go undetected if the hemodynamic change is subtle and a significant difference in blood pressure between both arms (typically 20 mm Hg) is not present. In the early stages of subclavian steal, a mild decrease in systolic flow velocity and reduced luminal diameter can be observed in the vertebral artery ipsilateral to the stenotic subclavian artery (Fig 6), sometimes resulting in an incorrect diagnosis of hypoplastic or diseased vertebral artery (13). As stenosis progresses, the subclavian steal hemodynamics become increasingly abnormal. Clear biphasic waveforms with a pronounced systolic notch are present in the ipsilateral vertebral artery
9 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Romero et al 1173 Figure 7. Calcified atheromatous plaque in an asymptomatic, neurologically intact 85-year-old woman who had undergone right carotid endarterectomy. (a) Longitudinal color flow US image shows heavily calcified plaque in the wall of the left ICA. The plaque measures 1.5 cm in the long-axis dimension. (b) Duplex US image shows that neither a pulsed wave Doppler spectrum nor a color flow signal could be obtained in the region of calcified plaque owing to severe shadowing. (c) Duplex US image obtained distal to the calcified region shows normal pulsed wave Doppler measurements for velocity and waveform. Transcranial Doppler examination showed antegrade blood flow in the left anterior cerebral artery and left ophthalmic artery, a finding inconsistent with a more severe proximal stenosis. (d) Two-dimensional time-of-flight cervical MR angiogram shows a moderate stenosis of the proximal left ICA (arrows) with narrowing but no signal dropout. when significant steal develops. In cases of severe subclavian steal, blood flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery may completely reverse. Because precise velocity thresholds for what is considered significant subclavian artery stenosis are not well established, recognition of the Doppler waveform changes in the vertebral artery associated with subclavian steal is important for detection and diagnosis of this entity. Conventional arteriography may be necessary to determine the degree of stenosis once the presence of steal is established. Length of Calcified Atheromatous Plaque In regions of marked acoustic shadowing by calcified atheromatous plaque, insonation of either Doppler waveforms or B-mode color flow images is often impossible (Fig 7). In such cases, if the calcified plaque covers only a short vascular segment (typically 1 cm in length), the presence of normal velocities and waveforms just proximal
10 1174 September-October 2002 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Figure 8. Persistent trigeminal artery in a 76-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of rightsided weakness. (a) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the left ICA shows abnormally low resistance waveforms with a resistive index of (Resistive index [PSV end diastolic velocity]/ PSV; normal range, approximately ) CT angiography was performed in an attempt to explain this finding. (b) Two-dimensional maximum intensity projection image shows a persistent trigeminal artery (arrow) arising near the top of the basilar artery with anastomosis to the cavernous segment of the left ICA. (c) Posterior volume-rendered three-dimensional view of the basilar artery shows the persistent trigeminal artery (arrow) coursing to the left and entering the lateral margin of the cavernous sinus. The left ICA also supplies the majority of flow to the left posterior cerebral artery via a large posterior communicating artery. These findings explain the low resistive index of the more proximal extracranial ICA. and distal to the shadowed region is sometimes sufficient to exclude a hemodynamically significant stenosis (3). However, when calcific plaque obscures US assessment of a large vascular segment (Fig 7), other imaging modalities are required to adequately assess the degree of stenosis. Abnormally Low Resistance Waveforms and Persistent Trigeminal Artery Abnormally low flow resistance with increased PSV is sometimes noted in the ICA, although no lesion is identified along the course of the artery on B-mode images (Fig 8). Anatomic variants, arteriovenous malformations, or high-flow tumors
11 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 Romero et al 1175 Figure 9. Left CCA stenosis in a 48-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of left-sided transient monocular blindness 6 months after stent placement in the left CCA and ICA. (a) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the left CCA shows greatly elevated velocities (590 cm/sec), which represent severe stenosis. (b) Pulsed wave Doppler spectrum of the distal right CCA shows elevated velocities (196 cm/sec) in the absence of an evident stenosis on B-mode images. (c) Reformatted CT angiogram of the right carotid artery shows no evidence of stenosis of the distal CCA. PSVs alone can lead to overestimating the degree of stenosis in these cases. Careful evaluation of B-mode and color flow images in cases of severe contralateral stenosis or occlusion can be useful in preventing overestimation of the degree of carotid artery stenosis. may cause this finding. A persistent trigeminal artery is a remnant of the fetal cerebral circulation that bridges the carotid and basilar arterial territories. The artery functions as an additional branch of the intracranial ICA; MR imaging, CT, or conventional angiography can help establish its presence (Fig 8). Contralateral Carotid Artery Stenosis Velocities in the ICA and/or CCA can sometimes be falsely elevated in the absence of significant carotid artery stenosis (Fig 9). This can occur in cases where there is severe stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral ICA and/or CCA, resulting in increased (collateral) blood flow through the patent carotid artery (14). Thus, reliance on Conclusions Awareness of some of the pitfalls associated with neurovascular US examination can help improve the accuracy of this technique in detection and diagnosis of occlusive disease of the carotid arteries. Even in cases where PSVs appear normal, abnormalities in the spectral waveform patterns, B-mode images, color flow images, or indirect test results can suggest the presence of stenotic lesions or anatomic variants that otherwise would have been missed. A thorough examination of all US evidence available thus can prove valuable not only for diagnosis of stenosis at the carotid artery bifurcation, but also for detecting the presence of other stenotic lesions and anatomic variants.
12 1176 September-October 2002 RG f Volume 22 Number 5 References 1. Thiele BL, Young JV, Chikos PM, et al. Correlation of arteriographic findings and symptoms in cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1980; 30: O Leary DH, Mattle H, Potter JE. Atheromatous pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Stroke 1989; 20: Ackerman RH. Neurovascular non-invasive evaluation. In: Ferrucci T, ed. Radiology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, 1995; Grant EG, Duerinckx AJ, El Saden S, et al. Doppler sonographic parameters for detection of carotid stenosis: is there an optimum method for their selection? AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172: Suwanwela N, Can U, Furie KL, et al. Carotid Doppler ultrasound criteria for internal carotid artery stenosis based on residual lumen diameter calculated from en bloc carotid endarterectomy specimens. Stroke 1996; 27: Krapf H, Widder B. The supratrochlear artery as an indicator of cerebral hemodynamics in carotid occlusion. Ultraschall Med 1998; 19: [German] 7. Can U, Furie KL, Suwanwela N, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound criteria for hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery stenosis based on residual lumen diameter calculated from en bloc endarterectomy specimens. Stroke 1997; 28: Mohr JP, Gautier JC, Pessin MS. Internal carotid artery disease. In: Banks MA, ed. Stroke. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1986; Rouleau PA, Huston J 3rd, Gilbertson J, et al. Carotid artery tandem lesions: frequency of angiographic detection and consequences for endarterectomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20: Steinke W, Ries S, Artemis N, et al. Power Doppler imaging of the carotid artery stenosis: comparison with color Doppler flow imaging and angiography. Stroke 1997; 28: Lev MH, Ackerman RH, Rabinov J, et al. Hairline residual lumen or total occlusion of the internal carotid artery? The clinical utility of spiral CT angiography. In: Proceedings of the 35th annual meeting of the American Society of Neuroradiology. Oak Brook, Ill: American Society of Neuroradiology, Berman SS, Devine JJ, Erdoes LS, et al. Distinguishing carotid artery pseudo-occlusion with color-flow Doppler. Stroke 1995; 26: Kliewer MA, Hertzberg BS, Kim DH, et al. Vertebral artery Doppler waveform changes indicating subclavian steal physiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174: Henderson RD, Steinman DA, Eliasziw M, et al. Effect of contralateral carotid artery stenosis on carotid ultrasound velocity measurements. Stroke 2000; 31: This article meets the criteria for 1.0 credit hour in category 1 of the AMA Physician s Recognition Award. To obtain credit, see accompanying test at
Pre-and Post Procedure Non-Invasive Evaluation of the Patient with Carotid Disease
Pre-and Post Procedure Non-Invasive Evaluation of the Patient with Carotid Disease Michael R. Jaff, D.O., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.C. Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Director, Vascular Medicine
More informationCarotid Abnormalities Coils, Kinks and Tortuosity David Lorelli M.D., RVT, FACS Michigan Vascular Association Conference Saturday, October 20, 2012
Carotid Abnormalities Coils, Kinks and Tortuosity David Lorelli M.D., RVT, FACS Michigan Vascular Association Conference Saturday, October 20, 2012 Page 1 Table of Contents Carotid Anatomy Carotid Duplex
More informationRadiologic Importance of a High- Resistive Vertebral Artery Doppler Waveform on Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography
CME Article Radiologic Importance of a High- Resistive Vertebral Artery Doppler Waveform on Carotid Duplex Ultrasonography Esther S. H. Kim, MD, MPH, Megan Thompson, Kristine M. Nacion, BA, Carmel Celestin,
More informationDiagnosis of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with Transcranial Color-Coded Real-Time Sonography
Diagnosis of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with Transcranial Color-Coded Real-Time Sonography Kazumi Kimura, Yoichiro Hashimoto, Teruyuki Hirano, Makoto Uchino, and Masayuki Ando PURPOSE: To determine
More informationUltrasound Imaging of The Posterior Circulation
Ultrasound Imaging of The Posterior Circulation Michigan Sonographers Society 2 Nd Annual Fall Vascular Conference Larry N. Raber RDMS-RVT Clinical Manager General Ultrasound/Neurovascular Laboratory Cleveland
More informationCarotid Artery Doppler
Carotid Artery Doppler Patient Position supine or semisupine head slightly hyper extended rotated 45 away from the side being examined. Higher frequency linear transducers (7 MHz) Vessels should be imaged
More informationDisclosure Statement:
Marsha M. Neumyer, BS, RVT, FSVU, FSDMS, FAIUM International Director Vascular Diagnostic Educational Services Vascular Resource Associates Harrisburg, PA Disclosure Statement: CME Calendar QR Code Marsha
More informationSubclavian steal syndrome: an underdiagnosed disease
Subclavian steal syndrome: an underdiagnosed disease Poster No.: C-0753 Congress: ECR 2017 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: R. O. Martins 1, M. C. Calegari 2, M. Lopes 3, L. Santos 3, L. Cruz 3, R. Vasconcelos
More informationGUNDERSEN/LUTHERAN ULTRASOUND DEPARTMENT POLICY AND PROCEDURE MANUAL
GUNDERSEN/LUTHERAN ULTRASOUND DEPARTMENT POLICY AND PROCEDURE MANUAL SUBJECT: Carotid Duplex Ultrasound SECTION: Vascular Ultrasound ORIGINATOR: Deborah L. Richert, BSVT, RDMS, RVT DATE: October 15, 2015
More informationEvaluation of Carotid Vessels and Vertebral Artery in Stroke Patients with Color Doppler Ultrasound and MR Angiography
Evaluation of Carotid Vessels and Vertebral Artery in Stroke Patients with Color Doppler Ultrasound and MR Angiography Dr. Pramod Shaha 1, Dr. Vinay Raj R 2, Dr. (Brig) K. Sahoo 3 Abstract: Aim & Objectives:
More informationDuplex Doppler Sonography of the Carotid Artery: False-Positive Results in an Artery Contralateral to an Artery with Marked Stenosis
049 Duplex Doppler Sonography of the Carotid Artery: False-Positive Results in an Artery Contralateral to an Artery with Marked Stenosis William W. Beckett, Jr. Patricia C. Davis James C. Hoffman, Jr.
More informationPolicies and Statements D16. Intracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound
Policies and Statements D16 Intracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound SECTION 1: INSTRUMENTATION Policies and Statements D16 Intracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound May 2006 (Reaffirmed July 2007) Essential
More informationTO CATCH A THIEF: IMAGING OF SUBCLAVIAN STEAL
October 2013 TO CATCH A THIEF: IMAGING OF SUBCLAVIAN STEAL Sumir Pandit, Harvard Medical School, Year III 1 AGENDA Introduction to our patient A.B. Anatomy review of aorta and branches CT imaging of our
More informationProtokollanhang zur SPACE-2-Studie Neurology Quality Standards
Protokollanhang zur SPACE-2-Studie Neurology Quality Standards 1. General remarks In contrast to SPACE-1, the neurological center participating in the SPACE-2 trial will also be involved in the treatment
More informationBeyond Stenosis Severity: Top 5 Important Duplex Characteristics to Identify in a Patient with Carotid Disease
Beyond Stenosis Severity: Top 5 Important Duplex Characteristics to Identify in a Patient with Carotid Disease Jan M. Sloves RVT, RCS, FASE Technical Director New York Cardiovascular Associates Disclosures
More informationCategorical Course: Update of Doppler US 8 : 00 8 : 20
159 Categorical Course: Update of Doppler US 8 : 00 8 : 20 160 161 Table 1.Comparison of Recommended Values from Data in the Published Literature* S t u d y Lesion PSV E D V VICA/VCCA S e v e r i t y (
More informationAnatomic Evaluation of the Circle of Willis: MR Angiography versus Intraarterial Digital Subtraction Angiography
Anatomic Evaluation of the Circle of Willis: MR Angiography versus Intraarterial Digital Subtraction Angiography K. W. Stock, S. Wetzel, E. Kirsch, G. Bongartz, W. Steinbrich, and E. W. Radue PURPOSE:
More informationDISCLOSURE TEST YOUR WAVEFORM IQ. Partial volume artifact. 86 yo female with right arm swelling, picc line. AVF on left? Dx?
Deborah Rubens University of Rochester Rochester, NY DISCLOSURE Neither I nor my immediate family have a financial relationship with a commercial organization that may have a direct or indirect interest
More informationOcclusion of All Four Extracranial Vessels With Minimal Clinical Symptomatology. Case Report
Occlusion of All Four Extracranial Vessels With Minimal Clinical Symptomatology. Case Report BY JIRI J. VITEK, M.D., JAMES H. HALSEY, JR., M.D., AND HOLT A. McDOWELL, M.D. Abstract: Occlusion of All Four
More informationMeasure #195 (NQF 0507): Radiology: Stenosis Measurement in Carotid Imaging Reports National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care
Measure #195 (NQF 0507): Radiology: Stenosis Measurement in Carotid Imaging Reports National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care 2017 OPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: CLAIMS ONLY MEASURE TYPE:
More informationWhat Do We Know? Disclosure Statement: 3/11/2015. Deep abdominal imaging
Marsha M. Neumyer, BS, RVT, FSVU, FSDMS, FAIUM International Director Vascular Diagnostic Educational Services Vascular Resource Associates Harrisburg, PA Disclosure Statement: CME Calendar QR Code Marsha
More informationQuality ID #195 (NQF 0507): Radiology: Stenosis Measurement in Carotid Imaging Reports National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care
Quality ID #195 (NQF 0507): Radiology: Stenosis Measurement in Carotid Imaging Reports National Quality Strategy Domain: Effective Clinical Care 2018 OPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: REGISTRY ONLY MEASURE
More informationRecommendations for documentation of neurosonographic examinations
Recommendations for documentation of neurosonographic examinations The documentation of ultrasound examinations is subject to a dynamic development particularly as regards newer applications. The present
More informationCarotid artery occlusion: Positive predictive value of duplex sonography compared with arteriography
Carotid artery occlusion: Positive predictive value of duplex sonography compared with arteriography Jonathan D. Kirsch, MD, Louis R. Wagner, MD, E. Meredith James, MD, J. William Charboneau, MD, Douglas
More informationDuplex Criteria for Determination of 50% or Greater Carotid Stenosis
Article Duplex Criteria for Determination of 50% or Greater Carotid Stenosis David G. Neschis, MD, Frank J. Lexa, MD, Julia T. Davis, RN, RVT, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, MD, RVT Recently the North American
More informationFIRST COAST SERVICE OPTIONS FLORIDA MEDICARE PART B LOCAL COVERAGE DETERMINATION
FIRST COAST SERVICE OPTIONS FLORIDA MEDICARE PART B LOCAL COVERAGE DETERMINATION CPT/HCPCS Codes 93875 Non-invasive physiologic studies of extracranial arteries, complete bilateral study (eg, periorbital
More informationDuplex US of the External Carotid Artery
Acta Radiologica ISSN: 0284-1851 (Print) 1600-0455 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iard20 Duplex US of the External Carotid Artery M. J. Päivänsalo, T. M. J. Siniluoto, T. A.
More informationNon-invasive examination
Non-invasive examination Segmental pressure and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) The segmental blood pressure (SBP) examination is a simple, noninvasive method for diagnosing and localizing arterial disease.
More informationColor Doppler Imaging Evaluation of Proximal Vertebral Artery Stenosis
Vascular and Interventional Radiology Original Research Hua et al. Color Doppler Imaging of Proximal Vertebral Artery Stenosis Vascular and Interventional Radiology Original Research Yang Hua 1 Xiu-Feng
More informationReappraisal of Flow Velocity Ratio in Common Carotid Artery to Predict Hemodynamic Change in Carotid Stenosis
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:957 962, April 2005 Reappraisal of Flow Velocity Ratio in Common Carotid Artery to Predict Hemodynamic Change in Carotid Stenosis Masahiro Kamouchi, Kazuhiro Kishikawa, Yasushi
More informationTRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND INTRODUCTION TO TCD INTERPRETATION
TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND INTRODUCTION TO TCD INTERPRETATION ---Rune Aaslid First TCD Publication 1982 WHAT IS TCD? Uses 2 MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound Passes through cranial windows Provides information
More informationWhat effects will proximal or distal disease have on an waveform?
Spectral Doppler Interpretation Director Director of of Ultrasound Ultrasound Education Education & & Quality Quality Assurance Assurance Baylor Baylor College College of of Medicine Medicine Division
More informationNo financial or commercial relationships to disclose
Deanna New, RVT No financial or commercial relationships to disclose IAC REQUIREMENTS: The main duty of a sonographer is to make the physician or radiologists job easier by capturing images and doing
More informationTranscranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography in Unilateral Flow-Restrictive Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease
Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography in Unilateral Flow-Restrictive Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease Ralf W. Baumgartner, Iris Baumgartner, Heinrich P. Mattle, and Gerhard Schroth PURPOSE: To
More informationAngiographic Correlation of CT Calcification in the Carotid Siphon
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:495 499, March 1999 Angiographic Correlation of CT Calcification in the Carotid Siphon Richard J. Woodcock, Jr, Jonas H. Goldstein, David F. Kallmes, Harry J. Cloft, and C. Douglas
More informationHemodynamically significant subclavian artery stenosis
REVIEW ARTICLE Duplex Ultrasonography of Vertebral and Subclavian Arteries Vijay G. Kalaria, MD, FACC, FSCAI, Sony Jacob, MD, William Irwin, RVT, and Robert M. Schainfeld, DO, Indianapolis, Indiana, and
More informationProblems of Carotid Doppler Scanning Which Can Be Overcome by Using Frequency Analysis
Problems of Carotid Doppler Scanning Which Can Be Overcome by Using Frequency Analysis K. W. JOHNSTON, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C), F.A.C.S., P. M. BROWN, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C), AND M. KASSAM, M.A.SC. SUMMARY The value
More informationCarotid Duplex: Beyond Stenosis Ido Weinberg, MD Vascular Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical
Carotid Duplex: Beyond Stenosis Ido Weinberg, MD Vascular Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Disclosures I do not have
More informationDuplex Carotid Sonography Peak Systolic Velocity in Quantifying Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Duplex Carotid Sonography Peak Systolic Velocity in Quantifying Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis Cynthia E Withers, MD", Barbara B Gosink, MD", Alison M Keightley, MD", Giovanna Casola, MD", Arthur A Lee,
More informationComparative study of carotiddoppler with contrast enhanced MRA in patients with stroke
Original Research Article Comparative study of carotiddoppler with contrast enhanced MRA in patients with stroke Venkateshwaran A 1*, Shereen Chidhara 2 1 Associate Professor, 2 Sr. Resident, Department
More informationWhat effects will proximal or distal disease have on a waveform?
Spectral Doppler Interpretation Director of Ultrasound Education & Quality Assurance Baylor College of Medicine Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Maternal Fetal Center Imaging Manager Texas Children
More informationCarotid Ultrasound: Improving Ultrasound
Carotid Ultrasound: Improving Ultrasound Edward I. Bluth, M.D., F.A.C.R. Chairman Emeritus, Department of Radiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana Professor, Ochsner Clinical School,
More informationCarotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Complete Occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery
2011 65 4 239 245 Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Complete Occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery a* a b a a a b 240 65 4 2011 241 9 1 60 10 2 62 17 3 67 2 4 64 7 5 69 5 6 71 1 7 55 13 8 73 1
More informationDoppler Waveform Parvus and Tardus A Sign of Proximal Flow Obstruction
Doppler Waveform Parvus and Tardus A Sign of Proximal Flow Obstruction Pesho S. Kotval, MD, PhD The Doppler linear flow velocity versus time spectrum obtained in an arterial flow system in which there
More informationNeurovascular Ultrasound Course
Neurovascular Ultrasound Course William M. McKinney (6/6/30-10/24/03) Father of Neurosonology Founder, Neurosonology Course, WFUSM Welcome to Winston-Salem, NC, Wake Forest School of Medicine, and the
More informationIndications: following: embolization. artery that has diseases 5. The evaluation. of suspected. such entities. a cold hand. biopsy
Peripheral Arterial Ultrasound Protocol Using Color and Spectral Doppler Reviewed by: Mark Yuhasz, MD Last Review Date: January 2015 Contact: (866) 761 4200, Option 1 Indications: The indications for peripheral
More informationCarotid Imaging. Dr Andrew Farrall. Consultant Neuroradiologist
20121123 SSCA http://www.neuroimage.co.uk/network Andrew Farrall Carotid Imaging Dr Andrew Farrall Consultant Neuroradiologist SFC Brain Imaging Research Centre (www.sbirc.ed.ac.uk), SINAPSE Collaboration
More informationEssentials of Clinical MR, 2 nd edition. 99. MRA Principles and Carotid MRA
99. MRA Principles and Carotid MRA As described in Chapter 12, time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is commonly utilized in the evaluation of the circle of Willis. TOF MRA allows depiction
More informationCarotid US: More than just a chart on the wall
Carotid US: More than just a chart on the wall Leslie M. Scoutt, MD, FACR Professor of Diagnostic Radiology & Surgery Vice Chair, Dept of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging Chief, Ultrasound Section Medical
More informationVivek R. Deshmukh, MD Director, Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery Providence Brain and Spine
Vivek R. Deshmukh, MD Director, Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery Providence Brain and Spine Institute The Oregon Clinic Disclosure I declare that neither
More informationScreening for asymptomatic internal artery stenosis: Duplex criteria for discriminating 60% to 99% stenosis
Screening for asymptomatic internal artery stenosis: Duplex criteria for discriminating 60% to 99% stenosis carotid Gregory L. Moneta, MD, James M. Edwards, MD, George Papanicolaou, MD, Thomas Hatsukami,
More informationCase Report 1. CTA head. (c) Tele3D Advantage, LLC
Case Report 1 CTA head 1 History 82 YEAR OLD woman with signs and symptoms of increased intra cranial pressure in setting of SAH. CT Brain was performed followed by CT Angiography of head. 2 CT brain Extensive
More informationPhysician s Vascular Interpretation Examination Content Outline
Physician s Vascular Interpretation Examination Content Outline (Outline Summary) # Domain Subdomain Percentage 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cerebrovascular Abdominal Peripheral Arterial - Duplex Imaging Peripheral Arterial
More informationProfile of Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease in Kelantan: A Study by Continuous Wave Doppler Ultrasonography
---- ------ - ------------- Profile of Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease in Kelantan: A Study by Continuous Wave Doppler Ultrasonography R.c. Pratap, MD M. Mafauzy, MRCP Department of Medicine, University
More information(Department of Radiology, Beylikdüzü State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey) Corresponding Author: Dr. Mete Özdikici
Quest Journals Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research Volume 5~ Issue 6 (2018) pp: 61-65 ISSN(Online) : 2394-076X ISSN (Print):2394-0751 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Quantitative Measurements
More informationnoninvasive, nonionizing, portable, inexpensive, safe for serial or prolonged studies
TRANS CRANIAL DOPPLER Presented by : Anil Garg Transcranial Doppler 1982, Aaslid and colleagues introduced TCD as a non-invasive technique for monitoring blood flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries
More informationRadiologic Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Disease
January 2003 Radiologic Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Disease Grace Tye, Harvard Medical School Year III Patient D.M. CC: 44 y/o male with pain in his buttocks Occurs after walking 2 blocks. Pain is
More informationNeuro Quiz 29 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring
Verghese Cherian, MD, FFARCSI Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey Quiz Team Shobana Rajan, M.D Suneeta Gollapudy, M.D Angele Marie Theard, M.D Neuro Quiz 29 Transcranial Doppler Monitoring This
More informationPulsed Doppler techniques are commonly used
336 Accurate Noninvasive Method to Diagnose Minor Atherosclerotic Lesions in Carotid Artery Bulb Tiny van Merode, MD, Jan Lodder, MD, Frans A.M. Smeets, Arnold P.G. Hoeks, PhD, and Robert S. Reneman, MD,
More informationNoninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries
J Neurosurg 57:769-774, 1982 Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries RUNE AASLID, PH.D., THOMAS-MARC MARKWALDER, M.D., AND HEt,CE NORNES, M.D.
More informationCarotid arterial ultrasound scan imaging: A direct approach to stenosis measurement
Carotid arterial ultrasound scan imaging: A direct approach to stenosis measurement Hugh G. Beebe, MD, Sergio X. Salles-Cunha, PhD, Robert P. Scissons, RVT, Steven M. Dosick, MD, Ralph C. Whalen, MD, Steven
More informationHD Scanning: Velocities and Volume Flow
HD Scanning: Velocities and Volume Flow Non-Invasive Lab Symposium West Orange, NJ April 27, 2018 Volume Flow Cindy Sturt, MD, FACS, RVT 500,000 Americans on dialysis 20-25% annual mortality 65% 5 year
More informationCase 37 Clinical Presentation
Case 37 73 Clinical Presentation The patient is a 62-year-old woman with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. 74 RadCases Interventional Radiology Imaging Findings () Image from a selective digital subtraction
More informationDuplex color-coded ultrasonography is useful in the
Vertebral Artery Occlusion in Duplex Color-Coded Ultrasonography Kozue Saito, MD; Kazumi Kimura, MD; Kazuyuki Nagatsuka, MD; Keiko Nagano, MD; Kazuo Minematsu, MD; Satoshi Ueno, MD; Hiroaki Naritomi, MD
More informationDoes color-flow imaging improve the accuracy of duplex carotid evaluation?
Does color-flow imaging improve the accuracy of duplex carotid evaluation? Gregg L. Londrey, MD, Donald P. Spadone, MD, Kim J. Hodgson, MD, Don E. Ramsey, MD, Lynne D. Barkmeier, MD, and David S. Sumner,
More informationMethods. Yahya Paksoy, Bülent Oğuz Genç, and Emine Genç. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24: , August 2003
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:1364 1368, August 2003 Retrograde Flow in the Left Inferior Petrosal Sinus and Blood Steal of the Cavernous Sinus Associated with Central Vein Stenosis: MR Angiographic Findings
More informationOverview of Subclavian & Innominate Artery Interventions
TCT 2016 Washington, DC, USA Tuesday November 1st, 2016 Peripheral vascular interventions Overview of Subclavian & Innominate Artery Interventions Dr Jacques Busquet Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Paris,
More informationVascular Portfolio: Carotid Reflection. Paige Fabre
Vascular Portfolio: Carotid Reflection Paige Fabre 13654584 14 Carotid Reflection For this portfolio I produced three pieces of work; a case study, a PowerPoint of study protocol and a poster of stenosis
More informationContemporary Carotid Imaging and Approach to Treatment: Course Notes Thursday, June 22, 2017 David M. Pelz, MD, FRCPC
CNSF Meeting, Victoria, BC. June 2017 Contemporary Carotid Imaging and Approach to Treatment: Course Notes Thursday, June 22, 2017 David M. Pelz, MD, FRCPC A. Objectives 1. To understand the current imaging
More informationAny vascular studies performed should be as a result of, or to complement, a thorough patient evaluation and neurological examination.
National Imaging Associates, Inc. Clinical guidelines NON-INVASIVE CEREBROVASCULAR ARTERIALS TUDIES Original Date: October 2015 Page 1 of 8 FOR CMS (MEDICARE) MEMBERS ONLY CPT4 Codes: Please refer to page
More informationAsymptomatic Occlusion of an Internal Carotid Artery in a Hospital Population: Determined by Directional Doppler Ophthalmosonometry
Asymptomatic Occlusion of an Internal Carotid Artery in a Hospital Population: Determined by Directional Doppler Ophthalmosonometry BY MARK L. DYKEN, M.D.,* J. FREDERICK DOEPKER, JR., RICHARD KIOVSKY,
More informationDuplex Ultrasound of the Renal Arteries. Duplex Ultrasound. In the Beginning
Duplex Ultrasound of the Renal Arteries DIMENSIONS IN HEART AND VASCULAR CARE 2013 PENN STATE HEART AND VASCULAR INSTITUTE ROBERT G. ATNIP MD PROFESSOR OF SURGERY AND RADIOLOGY Duplex Ultrasound Developed
More informationVertebral Artery Doppler Waveform Changes Indicating Subclavian Steal Physiology
Downloaded from www.ajronline.org by 7.44.00.5 on 0/09/8 from IP address 7.44.00.5. Copyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved Mark. Kliewer arbara S. Hertzberg David H. Kim James D. owie
More informationSTRUCTURED EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION DATE: JULY 1, 2016
STRUCTURED EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS Vascular Sonography The purpose of structured education is to provide the opportunity for individuals to develop mastery of discipline-specific knowledge that, when coupled
More informationNON-ATHEROSCLEROTIC PATHOLOGY OF THE CAROTID ARTERIES
NON-ATHEROSCLEROTIC PATHOLOGY OF THE CAROTID ARTERIES Leslie M. Scoutt, MD, FACR Professor of Diagnostic Radiology & Surgery Vice Chair, Dept of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging Chief, Ultrasound Section
More informationTransorbital blood flow sound recordings have the
397 Noninvasive Detection of Intracranial Vascular Lesions by Recording Blood Flow Sounds Yasushi Kurokawa, MD; Seisho Abiko, MD; Kohsaku Watanabe, MD Background and Purpose Transorbital blood flow sound
More informationIntracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation Transcranial Doppler (Non-Imaging) and Transcranial Duplex Imaging (TCD-I)
VASCULAR TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES Intracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation Transcranial Doppler (Non-Imaging) and Transcranial Duplex Imaging (TCD-I) This Guideline was prepared by
More informationMusical murmurs (MMs), also called seagull cry, goose
ORIGINAL RESEARCH S.-K. Lin S.-J. Ryu Y.-J. Chang T.-H. Lee Clinical Relevance of Musical Murmurs in Color-Coded Carotid and Transcranial Duplex Sonographies BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Musical murmurs (MMs),
More information[(PHY-3a) Initials of MD reviewing films] [(PHY-3b) Initials of 2 nd opinion MD]
2015 PHYSICIAN SIGN-OFF (1) STUDY NO (PHY-1) CASE, PER PHYSICIAN REVIEW 1=yes 2=no [strictly meets case definition] (PHY-1a) CASE, IN PHYSICIAN S OPINION 1=yes 2=no (PHY-2) (PHY-3) [based on all available
More informationTranscranial Doppler (Basic Step) Dae-il Chang, M.D., Sung Sang Yoon, M.D. Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee university
Transcranial Doppler (Basic Step) Dae-il Chang, M.D., Sung Sang Yoon, M.D. Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee university Principles of Doppler Ultrasonography Major target Speed & direction
More informationSonographic Characterization of Carotid Plaque: Detection of Hemorrhage
311 Sonographic Characterization of Carotid Plaque: Detection of Hemorrhage E. I. Bluth' D.Kai C. R. B. Merritt' M. Sullivan' G. Farr2 N. L. Mills 3 M. Foreman' K. Sloan' M. Schlater' J. Stewart 3 By careful
More informationSCAI Fall Fellows Course Subclavian/Innominate Case Presentation
SCAI Fall Fellows Course 2012 Subclavian/Innominate Case Presentation Daniel J. McCormick DO, FACC, FSCAI Director, Cardiovascular Interventional Therapy Pennsylvania Hospital University of Pennsylvania
More informationAntegrade and retrograde flow of carotid
Antegrade and retrograde flow of carotid The ECA waveform is high resistance and may have retrograde flow in diastole.. They should always demonstrate antegrade flow (toward the brain) and be. external
More informationIdentification, Prognosis, and Management of Patients with Carotid Artery Near Occlusion
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:2086 2094, September 2005 Identification, Prognosis, and Management of Patients with Carotid Artery Near Occlusion Allan J. Fox, Michael Eliasziw, Peter M. Rothwell, Matthias H.
More informationRadial Artery Assessment for Coronary Artery Bypass
VASCULAR TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES Radial Artery Assessment for Coronary Artery Bypass This Guideline was prepared by the Professional Guidelines Subcommittee of the Society for Vascular
More informationCarotid Steal: Report of Ten Cases
Carotid Steal: Report of Ten Cases Süha Süreyya Özbek, MD, Ahmet Memiş, MD, Refik Killi, MD, Mir Ali Pourbagher, MD, Gülgün Demirpolat, MD, İsmail Oran, MD, Ayşin Pourbagher, MD The blood flow may be diverted
More informationAntegrade flow on carotid ultrasound
Antegrade flow on carotid ultrasound 09/20/2017 Metoprolol heart rate hold parameters 09/22/2017 Xvideos mulher dando a buceta pro cavalo 09/23/2017 -Chan180 -Punndai chat 09/25/2017 Amma koduku romance
More informationSpontaneous Recanalization after Complete Occlusion of the Common Carotid Artery with Subsequent Embolic Ischemic Stroke
Original Contribution Spontaneous Recanalization after Complete Occlusion of the Common Carotid Artery with Subsequent Embolic Ischemic Stroke Abstract Introduction: Acute carotid artery occlusion carries
More informationSubclavian and Vertebral Artery Angioplasty - Vertebro-basilar Insufficiency: Clinical Aspects and Diagnosis
HOSPITAL CHRONICLES 2008, 3(3): 136 140 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Subclavian and Vertebral Artery Angioplasty - Vertebro-basilar Insufficiency: Clinical Aspects and Diagnosis Antonios Polydorou, MD Hemodynamic
More informationDoppler ultrasound as noninvasive diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease
Doppler ultrasound as noninvasive diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease Poster No.: C-0246 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: C. Ballester Valles, F. Aparici-Robles; Valencia/ES Keywords:
More informationCarotid Artery Disease and What s Pertinent JOSEPH A PAULISIN DO
Carotid Artery Disease and What s Pertinent JOSEPH A PAULISIN DO Goal of treatment of carotid disease Identify those at risk of developing symptoms Prevent patients at risk from developing symptoms Prevent
More informationImaging of the Basal Cerebral Arteries and Measurement of Blood Velocity in Adults by Using Transcranial Real-Time Color Flow Doppler Sonography
497 Imaging of the Basal Cerebral Arteries and Measurement of Blood Velocity in Adults by Using Transcranial Real-Time Color Flow Doppler Sonography Takashi Tsuchiya 1 Masahiro Yasaka Takenori Yamaguchi
More informationThe severity of neurologic deficits associated with
Effect of Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion on Intracranial Hemodynamics Transcranial Doppler Evaluation and Clinical Correlation 589 Peter A. Schneider, MD, Mary E. Rossman, RVT, Eugene F. Bernstein,
More informationGuidelines for Ultrasound Surveillance
Guidelines for Ultrasound Surveillance Carotid & Lower Extremity by Ian Hamilton, Jr, MD, MBA, RPVI, FACS Corporate Medical Director BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee guidelines for ultrasound surveillance
More informationVascular Sonography Examination
Vascular Sonography Examination The purpose of The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT ) Vascular Sonography Examination is to assess the knowledge and cognitive skills underlying the intelligent
More informationLezione 3 Tronchi Sovraortici
CORSO DI CERTIFICAZIONE DI COMPETENZA in ECOGRAFIA VASCOLARE GENERALE Lezione 3 Tronchi Sovraortici Settore formazione 2007-2009: Direttore: Paolo G. Pino Marco Campana, Antonella Moreo, Fausto Rigo, Ketty
More informationUltrasound Examination of the Extracranial Cerebrovascular System
extracranial.qxp_1115 6/29/16 3:54 PM Page 1 AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of an Ultrasound Examination of the Extracranial Cerebrovascular System Parameter developed in collaboration with
More informationCorporate Medical Policy
Corporate Medical Policy Endovascular Therapies for Extracranial Vertebral Artery Disease File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: endovascular_therapies_for_extracranial_vertebral_artery_disease
More informationIntracranial Atherosclerosis in Asians
Intracranial Atherosclerosis in Asians Anthony S. Kim, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurology UCSF Neurovascular Service February 27, 2010 Disclosures Research Support National Institutes of Health
More informationCarotid Revascularization
Options for Carotid Disease Carotid Revascularization Wayne Causey, MD 2 nd Year Vascular Surgery Fellow Best medical therapy, Carotid Endarterectomy, and Carotid Stenting Who benefits from best medical
More information