VM 773. Small Animal Medicine & Surgery I 2014 Syllabus and Grading Policy

Transcription

1 VM 773 Small Animal Medicine & Surgery I 2014 Syllabus and Grading Policy

2 VM 773 Small Animal Medicine & Surgery I Spring 2014 Syllabus and Grading Policy Course Coordinators: Course Co-coordinator (content): Dr. Jan Bright Office: B-216 VTH Telephone: jmbright@colostate.edu RamCT Support Jay Oaks Office: A-220 VTH Telephone: joaks@colostate.edu Course Meeting Times (all in B 213): M, 2:00 2:50 PM; Tu, 1:00 2:50 PM; W, 2:00 3:50 PM; Th, 3:00 3:50 PM, F, 2:00 3:50 PM Recommended Textbooks: Fossum: Small Animal Surgery Ettinger, SJ (ed): Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Required Reading: Objectives: In preparation for Dr MacLellan'sdentistry lectures students should read from "Textbook of Small Animal Surgery", Slatter, 3rd edition, chapters 194- p ; Chapter 195- p ; Chapter 196- p ; Chapter 197- p ; & Chapter 201- p Health management, and diagnosis and treatment of diseases of dogs and cats. Specific Section Goals: Gastrointestinal The general objective of the gastrointestinal section of this course is for you to learn to incorporate the information covered in the second year PVM core courses into clinical cases. A framework for approaching clinical gastroenterology cases will be built; covering important aspects of the patient s signalment, presenting complaint, history and physical examination; working through differentials and diagnostic test choices and results; and ending with treatment options and learning from treatment failures. Dentistry and Oral Surgery This section of the course will give students a broad introduction to the field of Veterinary dentistry. We will discuss the pathophysiology of periodontal disease and its treatment, followed by an introduction to endodontics. An overview of principles of oral surgery and common oral surgery procedures performed in a small-animal practice will be presented, and finally we will review common and less common oral medicine problems in dogs and cats.

3 Respiratory Medicine Introduction: Students were exposed to the pathophysiology and a long list of respiratory diseases in VM 747. We will revisit the more common disorders in a problem-oriented casebased approach. Prior to each lecture section, the students will have access to basic information including presenting complaint, patient signalment, and in some instances, history and physical examination information. We (this will be active learning) will then spend class time ranking differential diagnoses, making a rational diagnostic and treatment plan while reviewing pertinent pathophysiology. Students will need to come to class prepared to discuss each of the problems. After each section the case material will be available for review on RamCT as will specific learning issues for each case. Resources: Students are responsible for the respiratory pathophysiology and small animal respiratory disease sections of the VM 747 class notes. Homework for this section will be open resource. You can use any book, journal, or electronic database for your research. You may not use faculty, staff or classmates to answer these questions. The exam for this section is closed book!!! You are expected to work individually on the exam and to complete it without the use of books, notes, faculty input, etc. General Objectives of the Respiratory Case Discussions: To build on the information covered in VM 747 in order to provide the student with a more problem oriented approach to solving problems of the respiratory system in small animals. Specific learning issues will follow each case. Soft Tissue Surgery To provide a better understanding of common surgical pathology in patients presented to veterinary practitioners To understand the pathophysiology of diseases encountered in surgical patients in order to provide better care to these patients To understand the outcome of different surgical procedures To describe complications associated with each surgical technique and be able to recognize these complications Cardiology The objective of the cardiology section of this course is to provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate medical management of several important small animal cardiovascular disorders. The cardiology section will build on information already presented in the core cardiology course (VM 747), and students are expected to review and be able to apply this material. Students will be expected to integrate the material presented with clinical reasoning to define appropriate treatment for example cases.

4 Oncology To provide a deeper understanding of the biologic behavior, typical diagnostic course, treatment options, and overall prognosis for various malignancies commonly seen in small animal veterinary practice. This section is intended to build on oncologic principles discussed in earlier courses. Ophthalmology Clinical ophthalmology was introduced in VM753 where basic anatomy and physiology and common ocular diseases were discussed according to location within the eye and orbit. The objectives of this course are to give a more in depth understanding of 1) the diseases that cause a red eye, 2) the basic anatomy of the retina, and 3) diseases that can lead to development of sudden blindness. VM 773 Spring 2014 Lecture Schedule DATE TIME SUBJECT LECTURE # TOPIC INSTRUCTOR 20-Jan M MLK holiday No class 21-Jan Tu, 1-2 Dentistry 1 Periodontal disease MacLellan 21-Jan Tu, 2-3 Dentistry 2 Endodontics MacLellan 22-Jan W, 2-3 Dentistry 3 Oral medicine MacLellan 22-Jan W, 3-4 Dentistry 4 Oral surgery MacLellan 23-Jan Th, 3-4 Gastrointestinal 5 Salivary glands MacPhail 24-Jan F, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 6 Esophageal surgery MacPhail 24-Jan F, 3-4 Gastrointestinal 7 Enteral nutrition MacPhail 27-Jan M, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 8 GI surgery MacPhail 28-Jan Tu, 1-2 Gastrointestinal 9 GI surgery MacPhail 28-Jan Tu, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 10 Acute liver disease Twedt 29-Jan W, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 11 Feline liver disease Twedt 29-Jan W, 3-4 Gastrointestinal 12 Chronic hepatitis Twedt

5 30-Jan Th, 3-4 Gastrointestinal 13 Hepatic vascular disease Twedt 31-Jan F, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 14 Clinical gastroenterology Webb 31-Jan F, 3-4 Gastrointestinal 15 Clinical gastroenterology Webb 3-Feb M, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 16 Clinical gastroenterology Webb 4-Feb Tu, 1-2 Gastrointestinal 17 Clinical gastroenterology Webb 4-Feb Tu, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 18 Clinical gastroenterology Webb 5-Feb W, 2-3 Gastrointestinal 19 Clinical gastroenterology Webb 5-Feb W, 3-4 Gastrointestinal 20 Clinical gastroenterology Webb 6-Feb Th, 3-4 Cardiology 21 Congestive heart failure Bright 7-Feb F, 2-3 Cardiology 22 Congestive heart failure Bright 7-Feb F, 3-4 Cardiology 23 Congestive heart failure Bright 10-Feb M, 2-3 Cardiology 24 Feline myocardial diseases Bright 11-Feb Tu, 1-2 Cardiology 25 Feline HCM Bright 11-Feb Tu, 2-3 Cardiology 26 Feline RCM Bright 12-Feb W, 2-3 Cardiology 27 Mitral valve disease Bright 12-Feb W, 3-4 Cardiology 28 Dilated cardiomyopathy Bright 13-Feb Th, 3-4 Respiratory 29 Nasal disorders Hackett 14-Feb F, 2-3 Respiratory 30 Upper airway cases Sullivan 14-Feb F, 3-4 Respiratory 31 Tracheobronchial cases Hackett 17-Feb M, 2-3 Respiratory 32 Tracheobronchial cases Hackett 18-Feb Tu, 1-2 Respiratory 33 Pulmonary parenchymal cases Sullivan 18-Feb Tu, 2-3 Respiratory 34 Pulmonary parenchymal cases Sullivan 19-Feb W, 2-3 Respiratory 35 Pleural space cases Sullivan 19-Feb W, 3-4 Respiratory 36 Pleural space cases Sullivan 20-Feb Th, 3-4 Respiratory 37 Respiratory failure Hackett 21-Feb F, 2-3 Respiratory 38 Upper airway surgery Monnet 21-Feb F, 3-4 Respiratory 39 Tracheal surgery Monnet

6 24-Feb M, 2-3 Respiratory 40 Pulmonary surgery Monnet 25-Feb Tu, 1-2 Soft tissue surgery 41 Perineal hernia Monnet 25-Feb Tu, 2-3 Soft tissue surgery 42 Urolithiasis Monnet 26-Feb W, 2-3 Soft tissue surgery 43 Surgery of the ear Monnet 26-Feb W, 3-4 Soft tissue surgery 44 Diaphragmatic hernia Monnet 27-Feb Th, 3-4 Soft tissue surgery 45 Reconstructive surgery Monnet 28-Feb F, 2-3 Soft tissue surgery 46 Laparoscopy Monnet 28-Feb F, 3-4 Oncology 47 Hematologic abnormalities Biller 3-Mar M, 2-3 Oncology 48 Hematologic abnormalities Biller 4-Mar Tu, 1-2 Oncology 49 Oral & GI neoplasia Worley 4-Mar Tu, 2-3 Oncology 50 Soft tissue sarcomas Worley 5-Mar W, 2-3 Oncology 51 Osteosarcoma Worley 5-Mar W, 3-4 Oncology 52 Perianal tumors Worley 6-Mar Th, 3-4 Oncology 53 Respiratory neoplasia Worley 7-Mar F, 2-3 Oncology 54 Hemangiosarcoma Thamm 7-Mar F, 3-4 Oncology 55 Mast cell tumors Thamm 10-Mar M, 2-3 Oncology 56 Skin/subcutaneous tumors Biller 11-Mar Tu, 1-2 Oncology 57 Urogenital tumors Biller 11-Mar Tu, 2-3 Ophthalmology 58 Retina - normal Powell 12-Mar W, 2-3 Ophthalmology 59 Retina - abnormal Powell 12-Mar W, 3-4 Ophthalmology 60 Sudden blindness Powell 13-Mar Th, 3-4 Ophthalmology 61 Red eye TBD 14-Mar F, 2-3 Ophthalmology 62 Red eye TBD 14-Mar F, 3-4 Ophthalmology 63 Red eye TBD

7 Attendance Policy Attendance is required! Please refer to PVM Attendance Policy on the CVMBS Web site. Students are responsible for mastering all course objectives even if granted an excused absence. Assignments Homework assignments will be either posted on RamCT or included in the lectures notes. Please check your lecture notes before each lecture to be sure you are not missing an assignment. Homework assignments will be graded as Pass/Fail: Assignments graded as a Pass receive 6 points. Assignments graded as a Fail will receive 0 points.. An assignment that is not turned in by the deadline or is judged to be inadequate by the instructor will be graded as a Fail. The table below indicates assignment due dates and the number of points earned if completed satisfactorily by the due date. Required Homework Assignments Opens Due Points Clinician Format Dentistry Jan 21 Jan 23 3 MacLellan Hallway 2 Gastrointestinal Jan 24 Jan 27 3 MacPhail Paper 1 Gastrointestinal Jan 27 Jan 28 3 Twedt Paper 1 Gastrointestinal Feb 5 3 Webb RamCT Jan31 Cardiology Feb 10 Feb 12 6 Bright Hallway 2 Respiratory Feb 13 Feb 20 6 Hackett/Sullivan Paper 1 Soft Tissue Sx Feb 21 6 Monnet Paper 1 Feb 24 Oncology March 3 March 10 6 Worley, Biller, Thamm Paper 1 Ophthalmology Mar 11 Mar 14 3 Powel Hallway 2 Ophthalmology Mar 11 Mar 14 3 TBD Hallway 2 1 Paper exams/homework are to be retrieved from RamCT (see instructions under Exams/Homework icon for that section). A type-written copy of the exam/homework must be handed in at the beginning of class on the due-date indicated. 2 Hallway assignments: These are case-based assignments set up in the hallway outside of the Jr. Lecture Hall. You will need to work through the cases in stages without changing previous answers. You must then enter your answers into RamCT. These assignments may

8 be taken as open book assignments, but it will be perhaps better practice for the Capstone practical exam if you do the assignment closed book. Regardless, you are expected to complete the assignment individually. Exams By default, you are expected to work individually and not use any other resources (i.e. closed book, closed notes) when completing all course exams. Any exceptions to this policy will be noted on individual examinations. The exams for each section of the course will be available on RamCT for three-four days after completion of a section of the course. See the schedule for open and close dates below. RamCT exams close at 11:00 PM on the indicated dates. Remember that this is the RamCT server time, not the time on the computer lab wall clocks or your own personal watch. Several of the exams are heavily case-oriented and will be much more challenging than exams that you have had in past courses. You will be challenged to apply your knowledge in a case setting, rather than simply regurgitate facts. All exams, except Cardiology, are set up to deliver the questions one at a time so that you cannot return to a question once you have answered it. This is because the caseoriented questions often give answers to the previous questions as you move through the case. However, there are some stand-alone questions within these exams that have no dependencies on other questions. You may return to such questions by clicking on the question number in the right-hand answer window. This "return" option is to be used strictly for the stand-alone questions. It is considered an honor code violation: to move ahead in these exams without saving your answer first to change a previous answer based on new information presented in the next question(s). We will be monitoring the exams randomly to make sure that questions are accessed in the appropriate order. The exams can be taken from any computer. If you use a personal computer at home be sure it is set up correctly. You can contact Jay Oaks for any help with RamCT. The time on the server is the official time. Do not forget to save your answers, especially in those exams where questions are delivered one at a time.

9 **Remember, all exams open at 5:00 PM and close at 11:00 PM on the indicated dates.** Exams open close pts clinicians format Dentistry Jan 23 Jan MacLellan RamCT Closed book Gastrointestinal Feb 5 Feb Webb, MacPhail, Twedt RamCT Closed book Cardiology Feb 14 Feb Bright RamCT Open book Respiratory Medicine Feb 21 Feb Hackett/Sullivan RamCT Closed book Respiratory Surgery Feb 24 Feb Monnet RamCT Closed book Soft Tissue Surgery Feb 28 Mar 4 24 Monnet RamCT Closed book Oncology Mar 11 Mar Biller, Worley, Thamm RamCT Closed book Ophthalmology Mar 14 Mar Powell, Gionfriddo RamCT Closed book Grading Policy The course will be graded satisfactory/unsatisfactory. There are no honors projects for this course. Student ranking within the course will be determined by the College, based on raw scores (total points) from the course. The minimum cumulative score for passing the course is > 70% on the entire course (as established by the Scholastic Standards Policy). Students with an overall score <70%, will receive an Unsatisfactory grade. In order to pass the course, they must take a comprehensive final exam, and score > 70%. Students who take but do not pass the comprehensive final will fail this course (receive a grade of Unsatisfactory). For students successfully completing the comprehensive final, the class ranking will remain that established prior to the retake examination, but a grade of S will be awarded. Students are welcome to unofficially sit-in on any lectures. The course notes are available on the T: drive in the DVM Lecture Notes folder,

10 Students who choose to officially audit the course must complete the necessary paperwork through the registrar s office, and will be required to pass all exams in order to earn the AU designation (but will not be ranked). Disability Accommodation Policy Students with documented learning disabilities should make an appointment with Dr. Lori Kogan, via (Lori.Kogan@colostate.edu), by the end of the first week of class to discuss implementation of accommodations (please refer to the PVM Student Handbook, Accommodations for Professional Veterinary Medical Students With Learning Disabilities ). VM 773 Lecture Objectives Upon completion of each of the indicated lecture sessions, students should be able to: Periodontal Disease (Dr. Roxane MacLellan voice mail: ; roxane.maclellan@colostate.edu) Describe the pathophysiology of periodontal disease List the tissues of the periodontium and their importance Identify periodontal instrumentation and their use Describe the progression of periodontal disease List the primary pathogens of periodontal disease Describe the criteria for identifying the four stages of periodontal disease Describe complete periodontal assessment List the type of attachment loss Determine the criteria for antimicrobial therapy Basic Oral Surgery (Dr. MacLellan) Identify regional nerve block sites and describe nerve block technique List regional nerve block agents and dosages List pre-extraction considerations List the indications for extraction Identify oral surgery instruments and describe their use List the pre-operative radiographic finding of concern Describe flap selection, design and implementation List possible complications of extractions and steps for resolution List various acquired palatal defects Describe the steps of oronasal fistula repair (single and double flap)

11 Basic Endodontics (Dr. MacLellan) List the indications for performing endodontic therapy List the contraindications for performing endodontic therapy Describe the steps of partial coronal pulpectomy Describe the steps of total pulpectomypulpectomy Oral Medicine (Dr. MacLellan) Describe the systemic approach to the diagnosis of non dental oral lesions Discuss chronic gingivostomatitis in the cat. List describe some of the most common entities in oral medicine Salivary Glands (Dr. MacPhail voice mail: ; List differential diagnoses for submandibular swelling. Describe the differences in clinical presentation between cervical mucoceles, pharyngeal mucoceles, and ranula. For cervical mucoceles, describe how to identify the affected side Describe why, for treatment of cervical mucoceles, both the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands must be removed. Clinical Gastroenterology Lectures (Dr. Webb voice mail: ; Refer to the Rubric provided in the Clinical Gastroenterology Notes Develop and Demonstrate Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning Skills Apply a working knowledge of Twedt VM 745 Notes to clinical cases Complete and comprehend the Homework Rank-order Rule-outs based on Signalment and Presenting Complaint Further Rank-order Rule-outs based on History and Physical exam Develop an understanding of Illness Scripts, Diagnostic pathways, and Treatment options for common GI diseases Distinguish between regurgitation and vomiting List differential diagnoses for regurgitation List differential diagnoses for megaesophagus Design a diagnostic plan for a patient presenting for regurgitation Construct a therapeutic plan for a patient with esophagitis (including the medications available and their mechanism of action) Recognize clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities consistent with gastric ulceration List differential diagnoses for gastric ulceration Design a treatment plan for a patient with gastric ulceration (including the medications available and their mechanisms of action) Describe how to distinguish between large and small bowel diarrhea List differential diagnoses for diarrhea Design a diagnostic plan for a patient with diarrhea

12 Rank-order differential diagnoses based on history, physical exam, and initial diagnostics as well as additional diagnostics Design a therapeutic plan for a patient with diarrhea (including medications available and their mechanisms of action) Pancreatitis, Hemorrrhagic Gastroenteritis (HE), Ulcerative (Boxer) Colitis, Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI), and Lymphangiectasia Recall/list common antiemetic and prokinetic drugs: mechanism of action and clinical utility Acute Liver Failure (Dr. Twedt voice mail: ; twedt@colostate.edu) Expand on basic knowledge learned in VM 745 Describe the clinical and laboratory abnormalities of acute liver failure Develop a differential list of causes of liver failure Develop a logical therapy of liver failure Recognize the systemic complications of acute liver failure Feline Liver Disease (Dr. Twedt) Expand on basic knowledge learned in VM 745 Develop a differential list for icterus in cats Be aware of laboratory test differences in cats from dogs Distinguish between the clinical and laboratory findings in inflammatory liver disease and hepatic lipidosis Develop a treatment plan for different feline liver diseases Canine Chronic Liver Disease (Dr. Twedt) Expand on basic knowledge learned in VM 745 Be aware of potential etiologies of chronic inflammatory liver disease in the dog List the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis Describe the role of copper in chronic hepatitis in the dog Develop a logical therapy of chronic hepatitis Hepatic Vascular Anomalies (Dr. Twedt) Expand on basic knowledge learned in VM 745 Distinguish the different classes of vascular anomalies in dogs and cats Distinguish the clinical and laboratory abnormalities in portosystemic shunts Describe the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy Develop logical therapy for patients having portosystemic shunts Upper airway diseases (Dr. Sullivan voice mail ; lauren.sullivan@colostate.edu) Provide a ranked differential diagnosis list for upper airway obstruction, nasal discharge, sneezing and voice change.

13 Come up with a concise, rational diagnostic and treatment plan for problems of the nasal cavity and upper airways. Tracheobronchial diseases (Dr. Hackett) Provide a ranked differential diagnosis list for cough in dogs and cats. Come up with a diagnostic and treatment plan for animals with tracheobronchitis, bronchitis, and collapsing airway. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of airway diagnostics including transoral/transtracheal airway wash, bronchoscopy, radiographs and fluoroscopy. Outline a treatment plan for animals with problems affecting the large airways. Pulmonary parenchymal diseases (Dr. Sullivan) Distinguish alveolar, bronchial, and interstitial patterns on plain thoracic radiographs. Interpret an arterial blood gas sample. Including assessing acid base status, ventilation, and gas exchange. Calculate the Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a gradient) from a blood gas sample collected at FIO2 = 21%. Tell how pulse oximeter and end-tidal CO2 monitors work. They should also understand their limitations. Outline a diagnostic and treatment plan for problems of the pulmonary parenchyma. Distinguish radiographically between pneumonia and pulmonary edema. Distinguish radiographically between bronchitis and pulmonary edema. Diseases of the pleural space (Dr. Sullivan) Recognize a patient with significant pleural effusion based on breathing pattern and physical examination. Formulate an emergency treatment plan for an animal with severe pleural space occupying diseases. Provide a ranked list of differential diagnoses for problems of the pleural cavity. Recognize and diagnose common pleural space diseases from cytology of the pleural effusion. Respiratory failure (Dr. Hackett) Identify a patient that would benefit from ventilator therapy. Discuss the benefits and risks of oxygen therapy. Explain the benefits and risks of airway pressure therapy. Distinguish the following: Spontaneous ventilation with pressure support, Sustained Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV), Assist Controlled Ventilation, (AC), Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP).

14 Laryngeal paralysis (Dr. Monnet voice mail: , ) Discuss the pathophysiology of the laryngeal paralysis Select the appropriate technique to treat a dog with laryngeal paralysis and give a rationale for this choice. List the steps involved in performing a laryngeal examination for laryngeal paralysis Brachycephalic airway syndrome (Dr. Monnet) List the different components of the brachycephalic airway syndrome Describe the progression of the brachycephalic airway syndrome Choose the surgical technique to treat each component of the syndrome Surgical disease of the lower airway (Dr. Monnet) Describe how to perform a temporary tracheostomy Describe the components of a temporary tracheostomy tube Explain the care of a temporary tracheostomy tube. Describe how to perform a permanent tracheostomy. Advantages of different approaches of the thoracic cavity Describe the pathophysiology of pneumothorax Congestive heart failure (Dr. Bright voice mail: ; jmbright@colostate.edu) List the 2 primary hemodynamic abnormalities that characterize congestive heart failure (CHF) and also be able to list clinical signs resulting from each of these abnormalities. List the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CHF. Describe which neuroendocrine systems activated with CHF have deleterious peripheral and myocardial effects and state why activation of each of these systems is deleterious. List the neuroendocrine systems activated with CHF that have beneficial peripheral and myocardial effects and state why activation of each of these systems is beneficial. Define the term myocardial remodeling. List the goals of treatment of CHF. Describe how to intervene therapeutically to relieve the clinical signs of CHF. Describe how to intervene therapeutically to relieve circulatory congestion. Describe how to intervene to increase cardiac output. Describe strategies currently used to prevent progression of CHF. List the deleterious effects of angiotensin II in patients with CHF. List the specific hormones that result in myocardial fibrosis. List the deleterious effects of norepinephrine in patients with CHF. List the specific beta-adrenergic antagonists used to prevent progression of CHF in patients with systolic dysfunction. Describe the rules for administration of beta-blockers to patients with CHF due to systolic dysfunction. Clinical pharmacology of cardiac medications/management of life-threatening heart failure List the classes of diuretic agents.

15 State which diuretics are useful for management of CHF. State which diuretics are potassium depleting and which are potassium sparing. List the specific mechanism of action of each class of diuretic agents. Discriminate which inotropic agents are potent inotropes and which agents are weak inotropes. Discriminate between the different effects of the various catecholamines. Describe the mechanism of action of each class of inotropic agents. List the specific indications for use of the cardiac glycosides in patients with CHF. List the specific contraindications for use of the cardiac glycosides. Define the terms: vasodilator, venodilator, arteriolar dilator, afterload reducer, preload reducer, and balanced vasodilator. List the mechanism of action of the specific vasodilating agents. List the important differences between the various ACE inhibitors. Describe in detail the emergency management of dogs and of cats presenting with severe left-sided congestive heart failure. Feline myocardial disease (Dilated and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) (Dr. Bright) Define the terms: myocardial disease and cardiomyopathy. Describe the functional and structural cardiac abnormalities characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Describe the appropriate medical management of cats with DCM. Describe the potential benefits and limitations of using taurine supplementation in cats with DCM. Describe the functional and structural cardiac abnormalities characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Describe the various etiologies of left ventricular hypertrophy in cats. List the two major mechanisms of impaired diastolic function. Describe the various clinical manifestations of impaired diastolic function in cats. List and recognize the primary and secondary echocardiographic abnormalities found in cats with HCM. Describe and recognize the Doppler features found in some cats with HCM. Describe and recognize the typical radiographic findings in cats with HCM (in both mild and severe disease). Recognize the various ECG abnormalities common in cats with HCM. List the therapeutic goals of treatment for cats with HCM and should be able to describe appropriate interventions for achieving these goals. List various deleterious drugs and deleterious interventions for cats with HCM and should be able to describe why each is potentially deleterious. Describe the prognosis for cats with HCM. Feline Myocardial Disease (Restrictive Cardiomyopathy) (Dr. Bright) Define primary and secondary restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Recognize other terms used for the feline myocardial disease known as RCM. List the various etiologies of primary RCM. List causes of secondary RCM in cats.

16 Describe and recognize the echocardiographic features of feline RCM. Describe and recognize the radiographic features of feline RCM. Recognize the various ECG abnormalities common in cats with RCM. List the therapeutic goals and appropriate interventions for treatment of feline RCM. Describe and recognize the gross and microscopic features of primary RCM. Give the prognosis for primary feline RCM. Canine Mitral Valve Disease (Dr. Bright) List the various mechanisms of acquired and congenital mitral valve dysfunction. Describe the gross and microscopic pathological abnormalities of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). List the breeds predisposed to DMVD. List the breeds in which DMVD is known to be heritable. Describe the pathophysiology of chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) and to describe the secondary cardiac changes associated with chronic MR. List the potential complications of chronic MR. Describe the prognosis of chronic MR due to DMVD. Describe how the diagnosis of chronic MR due to DMVD is made. List the various historical findings of dogs affected by DMVD. List the possible cardiac and respiratory auscultatory abnormalities associated with chronic MR. Describe the mechanisms resulting in coughing in dogs with MR. Describe and recognize the various radiographic features of chronic MR due to DMVD. Describe and recognize the various echocardiographic and Doppler features of chronic MR due to DMVD. Describe why measuring and monitoring arterial blood pressure is important in dogs with MR. Recognize the various ECG abnormalities often associated with chronic DMVD. Describe the therapeutic management of dogs with various manifestations of MR due to DMVD. Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) (Dr. Bright) Define the terms: myocardial contractility, cardiac function, dilated cardiomyopathy, primary DCM, and secondary DCM. List synonyms for DCM. Differentiate between the primary and secondary functional and structural features of DCM. List causes of secondary DCM in dogs. List the breeds predisposed to primary DCM. List the breeds predisposed to both primary DCM and DMVD. Name the breed in which primary DCM is recognized at a very young age. Describe and recognize the gross and microscopic pathologic features of DCM. Describe the pathophysiology of DCM and the secondary changes that are seen in the heart with this condition. Recognize and describe the primary and secondary echocardiographic and Doppler features of DCM in dogs.

17 List the clinical signs and physical exam findings of canine DCM. Recognize and describe the common ECG abnormalities associated with canine DCM. Recognize and describe the common radiographic abnormalities associated with canine DCM. Describe treatment goals and specific medical treatments for various stages of canine DCM. Explain why beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used in some dogs with DCM and to explain which dogs with DCM would be candidates for these agents. Describe the prognosis for dogs with primary DCM. Perineal hernia (Dr. Monnet) Describe the components of the pelvic diaphragm List the organs that can be present in the hernia Explain why use of the internal obturator muscle is recommended List the most common complications after perineal hernia repair Urolithiasis (Dr. Monnet) Understand the principles of retropulsion of stones lodged in the urethra. List the indications for surgical treatment of urolithiasis Describe the diagnostic technique for urinary stones List common complications after surgery for urolithiasis Surgery of the ear (Dr. Monnet) Describe the pathophysiology of otitis externa and media Use the indications for each surgical technique available to select an appropriate treatment for otitis externa and media Recognize a cat bulla on radiograph or CT scan Describe the treatment of aural hematoma Diaphragmatic hernia (Dr. Monnet) Recognize if/when a diaphragmatic hernia is a surgical emergency Recognize when a diaphragmatic hernia becomes a surgical emergency Explain why the cardiac function is compromised after a diaphragmatic hernia Explain why the respiratory function is compromised after diaphragmatic hernia Identify major anatomical structures of the diaphragm State the major concern after reduction of a chronic diaphragmatic hernia in a cat Reconstructive surgery (Dr. Monnet) Describe the different types of local flaps Describe the technique for performing a caudal superficial epigastric flap Recognize that the direct cutaneous artery provides the blood supply for the skin in a dog Respiratory Neoplasia (Dr. Worley voice mail: ; dworley@colostate.edu)

18 Identify the clinical signs associated with nasal and lung tumors, and compare and contrast them with other nasal and lung pathologies. List differential diagnoses for nasal discharge. List do s and don ts for diagnosing nasal and lung tumors. Appropriately stage nasal and lung tumors. Mast Cell Tumors (Dr. Thamm - voice mail: ; doug.thamm@colostate.edu) Be familiar with the techniques for the diagnosis of mast cell tumors. Know criteria for performance of presurgical staging and the tests used to stage MCT patients. Discuss treatment options and outcomes for patients with MCT. List prognostic factors for dogs with MCT. Hemangiosarcoma (Dr. Thamm) Recognize the common presenting signs in dogs with HSA, and the possible differential diagnoses for these signs Describe how to stabilize and perform appropriate presurgical diagnostic work-up of a patient with suspected HSA List the unique surgical considerations with HSA List the options for postsurgical treatment of HSA Discuss the prognosis following surgery or surgery and chemotherapy with owners Urogenital tumors (Dr. Biller - voice mail: ; barbara.biller@colostate.edu) Describe the biologic behavior of canine mammary tumors Describe the biologic behavior of feline mammary tumors List prognostic factors for canine mammary tumors Describe appropriate staging tests Devise a diagnostic and treatment plan based on location and preexisting prognostic factors for canine or feline mammary tumors Describe the biologic behavior of bladder and prostate tumors in veterinary species List prognostic factors for bladder tumors Describe appropriate staging tests Devise a diagnostic and treatment plan for canine bladder or prostatic tumors Skin/Subcutaneous Tumors (Dr. Biller) Discuss biology and treatment options for feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Recognize other common benign skin tumors in dogs and cats. Discuss biology, staging and treatment options for cutaneous lymphoma. List available treatment options.

19 Hematologic malignancies I and II (Dr. Biller) Recognize the typical presentation for lymphoma Describe paraneoplastic syndromes commonly associated with lymphoma List 5 prognostic factors associated with canine lymphoma Devise a treatment plan for a canine patient with lymphoma Describe the prognosis for a canine lymphoma patient based on a patients prognostic factors and treatment chosen by the owner Describe the utility of radiation in the treatment of lymphoma Describe the scientific rationale behind the lymphoma PCR test Osteosarcoma (Dr. Worley voice mail: ; dworley@colostate.edu) List common differential diagnoses for destructive bone lesions Describe appropriate staging tests for dogs with osteosarcoma Differentiate between curative-intent treatment options and palliative options List the common surgical treatment options and possible complications List common chemotherapy agents used for osteosarcoma State the medial expected survival time for dogs with osteosarcoma when treated with amputation and chemotherapy Perianal Tumors (Dr. Worley) List the most common perianal tumors seen in dogs List differentials for perianal tumors in dogs Design a diagnostic plan for a mass near the anus Construct a therapeutic plan for a patient with a perianal tumor Describe the different biologic behaviors of perianal tumors in dogs Describe the paraneoplastic syndrome seen with anal sac adenocarcinoma Design a therapeutic plan for a dog with hypercalcemia of malignancy Soft Tissue Sarcomas (Dr. Worley - voice mail: ; dworley@colostate.edu) Recognize the tumor histotypes that are classified as soft-tissue sarcomas. Discuss the biologic behavior and prognostic factors for canine soft-tissue sarcoma. Know treatment options for soft-tissue sarcoma. Discuss methods for minimizing the likelihood of vaccine-associated sarcoma development and monitoring of vaccine sites. Differentiate between different leukemia types (CLL vs ALL) with respect to presentation, treatment, and prognosis For feline lymphoma list the anatomic location most commonly associated with FeLV infection Describe prognosis based on anatomic location for feline lymphoma Retina normal & abnormal (Dr. Powell voice mail: l ceep@colostate.edu) Be able to identify and list the layers of the ocular fundus. Explain why all fundus layers are not always visible on fundus examination. Be able to assess a fundus photograph and interpret your findings as normal or abnormal.

20 Be able to identify chorioretinitis lesions in the fundus. Recognize areas of retinal degeneration in the tapetal fundus. Identify differences between canine and feline retinas. Give examples of common causes of chorioretinitis in dogs and cats. Recall the non-inflammatory retinal diseases discussed in class and recognize and describe their predominant clinical manifestations. Sudden blindness (Dr. Powell) List the major causes of sudden blindness in dogs and cats Be able to differentiate retinal blindness from optic nerve blindness. Be able to differentiate blindness due to cerebral cortex disease from optic nerve and retinal disease causing blindness. Be able to describe the significant Red eye (Dr. Gionfriddo voice mail: To fill out a chart about the differentials for red eye in class. To use this chart in class to determine the rule outs and potential diagnosis of cases presented in class. To understand how the in-class cases were managed.