Ethnobotany. Alexey Shipunov. Lecture 23. Minot State University. Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 1 / 84
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1 Ethnobotany Alexey Shipunov Minot State University Lecture 23 Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 1 / 84
2 Outline 1 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 2 / 84
3 Plant remedies for gastrointestinal and biliary systems Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 3 / 84
4 Diarrhoea Very common, especially in children Oral rehydration works well in most cases Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 4 / 84
5 Plants for rehydration Na + Starch from potatoes, corn or rice, or glucose Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 5 / 84
6 Constipation and laxatives By medical definition, defecation less frequent than once in 2 3 days Not a serious problem but increase risks of other diseases Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 6 / 84
7 Bulking laxative from plantains, Plantago spp. Plantaginis ovatae semen, Psyllii semen Have high swelling factor (> 40) due to the presence of specific polysaccharides Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 7 / 84
8 Isphagula, Plantago ovata Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 8 / 84
9 Psyllium, Plantago sempervirens Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture 23 9 / 84
10 Linseed, Linum usitatissimum Lini semen Should be used as whole seed Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
11 Stimulant laxatives Normally, stimulant laxatives are antraquinones Increase a peristaltic activity of a colon Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
12 Antraquinone Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
13 Senna, Cassia spp. Sennae fructus/folium Contain sennosides Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
14 Senna, Cassia senna Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
15 Sennoside B Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
16 Cascara, Rhamnus spp. Rhamni/Frangulae cortex Rhamnus purshiana is native to Pacific coast Contain emodin, cascarosides and other antraquinone glycosides Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
17 Cascara, Rhamnus purshiana Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
18 Cascaroside Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
19 Inflammatory problems May be a signal about infectious gastritis Mixtures of emollient and antacid are mostly used Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
20 Chamomile, Matricaria recutita Matricariae flos European herb ( German chamomile ) Multiple-effect drug, essential oils and other constituents are anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
21 Chamomile, Matricaria recutita Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
22 Matricin and chamazulene Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
23 Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquiritiae radix Main component is glycyrrhizic acid, traditional but controversial remedy Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
24 Glycyrrhizic acid Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
25 Dyspepsia and liver disorders Often are a sideway symptoms of more serious diseases Closely associated with eating habits Cholagogues and bitter stimulants are popular remedies Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
26 Artichoke, Cynara scolymus Cynarae folium Main component is a bitter sesquiterpene cynaropicrin Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
27 Artichoke, Cynara scolymus Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
28 Cynaropicrin Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
29 Gentian, Gentiana lutea Gentianae radix Gantiopicroside and amarogentin (bitter value of 58,000,000) are iridoids Bitters stimulate secretion of gastric juices Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
30 Yellow gentian, Gentiana lutea Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
31 Amarogentin Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
32 Wormwood, Artemisia absinthium Herba absinthii Traditionally used as liqueur Bitter value of sesquiterpene absinthin is 15,000 Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
33 Wormwood, Artemisia absinthium Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
34 Nausea and vomiting Often components of motion sickness Spasmolytic constituents are often used Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
35 Hyoscine from Solanaceae plants Occur in Scopolia, Hyoscyamus and Datura Tropane alkaloid, poisonous Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
36 Hyoscine Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
37 Ginger, Zingiber officinale Zingiberis rhizoma Multiple effect plant, essential oils gingerol and shogaol are responsible for pain relief, anti-sickness and other activities Extremely valuable in Eastern medicines Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
38 Ginger, Zingiber officinale Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
39 Gingerol and shoagol Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
40 Bloating and carminatives Bloating may be a result of bacterial activity (especially on arabinose) Carminatives provide both pleasant taste and anti-gas effect (precise mechanism is still unclear) Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
41 Mints, Mentha spp. Menthae folium Essential oil menthol and similar compounds Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
42 Umbelliferous fruits Carvi fructus from caraway (Carum carvi) Foeniculi fructus from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Contain essential oils like carvone, anethole and others Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
43 Caraway, Carum carvi Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
44 Section of mericarp Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
45 Anethone Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
46 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
47 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Heart problems (arrhythmic conditions, failure etc.) Plants with cardiac glycosides In addition, lily of valley (Convallaria majalis with convallatoxin) and motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca with specific essential oils) Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
48 Lily of valley, Convallaria majalis Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
49 Convallatoxin Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
50 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Common motherwort, Leonurus cardiaca Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
51 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, Plantaginaceae, Europe Digitalis purpureae folium Contain digoxin and other cardiac glycosides Increase the heart muscle contractility and reduces conductivity inside a atrioventricular node Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
52 Foxglove Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
53 Digoxin Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
54 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Hawthorn, Crataegus spp., Rosaceae, North hemisphere Crataegi folium/flores The mixture of cyanide glycosides and flavonoids Blocks repolarizing potassium current in ventricular muscle and prolongs its activity Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
55 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Venous insufficiency problems Hemorrhoids, varicose veins Antioxidants are normally used as remedies Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
56 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillis, Ericaceae, Eurasia Myrtilli fructus Anthocyanosides have vascular spasmolytic effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
57 Bilberry Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
58 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Butcher s broom, Ruscus aculeatus, Asparagaceae, Eurasia Rusci rhizoma Saponin glycosides, inculding ruscine have been shown to produce positive effects to lipid profiles Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
59 Ruscus Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
60 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Horse chestnut, Aesculus spp., Sapindaceae, North hemisphere Seeds contant mixture of saponin flavonoids, e.g., aescin Have multiple membrane-related effects: anti-edema, thrombolytic etc. Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
61 Horse chestnut Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
62 Aescin Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
63 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Atherosclerosis Drugs should decrease platelet formation and risks of thrombosis and atherosclerosis Aspirin (modified salicilyc acid from willows, Salix is the main drug) Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
64 Plant remedies for cardiovascular system Garlic, Allium sativum, Alliaceae, Eurasia Allii sativi bulbi Sulphuric compounds like allicin and ajoene inhibit sythesis of LDL (low density lipoprotein) Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
65 Plant remedies for respiratory system Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
66 Plant remedies for respiratory system Bronchitis and nasal congestion Overproduction of mucus, the effect similar to edema Synthetic analogs of adrenalin (oxymetazolin etc.) are normally used Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
67 Plant remedies for respiratory system Ephedra, ma huang, Ephedra spp., Ephedraceae, wordwide Old component of TCM Ephedrine alkaloid has multiple effects (stimulation of CNS, decongestion etc.) Theophylline from tea and cocoa may be used for the same purposes Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
68 Ephedra Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
69 Ephedrine Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
70 Plant remedies for respiratory system Asthmatic conditions Inhalations have a positive, broncholytic effect Essential oils and camphor are common component of inhalations Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
71 Plant remedies for respiratory system Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus spp., Myrtaceae, Australia Eucalypti aetheroleum 1,8-cineole is a major component Has multiple effects like antiseptic and antispasmodic Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
72 Eucalyptus Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
73 Plant remedies for respiratory system Allergy Mostly due to the activation of histamin receptors Synthetic drugs (like cetirizine etc.) have multiple side effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
74 Plant remedies for respiratory system Khella, Ammi visnaga, Umbelliferae, Mediterranean Active compounds are coumarins like khellin Have vasodilating effects, blocks calcium membrane channels Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
75 Khella Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
76 Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
77 Plant remedies for respiratory system Butterbur, Petasites hybridus, Compositae, Eurasia Sesquiterpene lactones (eremophinolides like petasin) Traditionally used as anti-asthmatic and against migraine, but has strong anti-histamin effect Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
78 Butterbur Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
79 Plant remedies for respiratory system Mucolytics Have a softening effect for cough Reduce viscosity of mucus Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
80 Plant remedies for respiratory system Sage, Salvia officinalis, Labiatae, Eurasia Salviae folium Contains essential oil thujone In addition, has a memory-stimulating and antimicrobial effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
81 Plant remedies for respiratory system Senega, Polygala senega, Polygalaceae, North America Polygalae radix Triterpenoid saponins: senegin Mucolytic and antiseptic effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
82 Senega Plant remedies for respiratory system Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
83 Plant remedies for respiratory system Summary Most of plant remedies for gastrointestinal system are symptomatic Most of them are terpenes or glycosides Heart and vessel system problems are often threatening with glycosides Respiratory system remedies are essential oils and alkaloids Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
84 For Further Reading Plant remedies for respiratory system A. Shipunov. Ethnobotany [Electronic resource] onwards. Mode of access: Heinrich et al (or 2004). Fundamentals of and Phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Mode of access: school/biol_310/heinrich2004_fund_pharm_part.pdf Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany Lecture / 84
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