Ethnobotany. Lecture 31
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1 Ethnobotany. Lecture 31 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University April 11th, 2011 Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
2 Outline 1 Plant remedies for nervous system: others 2 Addition to the starch-contaning plants Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
3 Outline 1 Plant remedies for nervous system: others 2 Addition to the starch-contaning plants Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
4 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Sedatives Are often calling hypnotics, difference is mainly in a dose Plant sedatives are much safer than synthetic Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
5 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Valerian, Valeriana officinalis, Caprifoliaceae, Eurasia Valerianae radix Active components are valerian oils and iridoids valepotriates Interact with GABA receptors Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
6 Valerian Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
7 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Valtrate valepotriate Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
8 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Hops, Humulus lupulus, Cannabaceae, Eurasia Lupuli flos Active components are unusual organic acids humulone and lupulone and their derivatives Helps to normalize sleep, also have antibacterial effects Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
9 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Hops (female inflorescences) Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
10 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Lemon balm, Melissa officinalis, Labiatae, Eurasia Melissae folium Active components are multi-component volatile oils including aldehydes Improve nervous disorders and also gastrointestinal problems; has antibacterial effects Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
11 Melissa Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
12 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Red passion flower, Passiflora incarnata, Passifloraceae, South America Dried leaves are used pharmaceutically Active components suspected to be flavonoids As effective as oxazepam (serax) in treating nervous disorders (e.g., hysteria) Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
13 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Mandrake, Mandragora officinarum, Solanaceae, Central Asia Dried root contains atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine and podophyllin: all alkaloids Poisonous and hallucinogenic in large doses, hypnotic/sedative in small doses Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
14 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Mandrake, from Tacuinum Sanitatis (1474) Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
15 Mandrake Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
16 Mandrake roots Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
17 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Antidepressants Nerve tonics Plants with anti-depressant activity are rare Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
18 Plant remedies for nervous system: others St. John s wort, Hypericum perforatum, Hypericaceae, Eurasia Hyperici herba Hyperforin (derivative of terpenes) is the most active component Inhibition of synaptic uptake of several neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamin, GABA etc. Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
19 Hyperforin Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
20 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Hypericum perforatum perforatum.jpg Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
21 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Analgesics Cocaine and morphines are sometimes used as analgesics Aspirin-related anti-inflammatory drugs will be covered later Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
22 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Feverfew, Tanacetum parthenicum, Compositae, Eurasia Tanaceti parthenii herba Sesquiterpene lactones like parthenolide are responsible for the activity Suppress prostaglandine production Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
23 Parthenolide Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
24 Feverfew Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
25 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Memory enhancement Especially important in case of Altzheimer s disease (dementia) Often are inhibitors of acetylholinesterase Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
26 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Snowdrop, Galanthus nivalis, Amaryllidaceae, Mediterranean Contains alkaloid galantamine Slow down the progression of Altzheimer s disease Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
27 Galanthamine Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
28 Snowdrop Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
29 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgoaceae, China Living fossil from China, natural habitats are lost Active components are diterpene lactones ginkgolides and glycosides such as ginkgetin Improve blood circulation in brain, have antioxidant effects, prevent degradation of synaptic receptors Also used to heal varicose veins Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
30 Ginkgo biloba Plant remedies for nervous system: others Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
31 Plant remedies for nervous system: others Ginkgolides and ginkgetins Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
32 Addition to the starch-contaning plants Water chestnut, Eleocharis dulcis, Cyperaceae, China Rich of dietary fibers, vitamins B, copper and manganese Cell walls contain phenolic compounds which are not damaged when boiling Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
33 Water chestnut Addition to the starch-contaning plants Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
34 Addition to the starch-contaning plants Chufa, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperaceae, Africa Tubers are rich of potassium, phosphorous and oils (20 36%!) Traditional food in Africa, also cultivated in Spain and California Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
35 Chufa Addition to the starch-contaning plants Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
36 Addition to the starch-contaning plants Summary Sedative and hypnotic chemicals are often non-alkaloids Mandrake is a real plant! Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
37 For Further Reading Appendix For Further Reading A. Shipunov. Ethnobotany [Electronic resource] onwards. Mode of access: M. Heinrich and others. Fundamentals of pharmacognosy amd phytotherapy (selected chapters). [Electronic resource]. Churchhill Livingstone, Mode of access: school/biol_310/heinrich2004_fund_pharm_part.djvu Chapter 16. Shipunov (MSU) BIOL April 11th, / 36
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